Recent Advances in Geo-Environmental Engineering, Geomechanics and Geotechnics, and Geohazards: Proceedings of the 1st Springer Conference of the Arabian Journal of Geosciences (CAJG-1), Tunisia 2018

Front Matter ....Pages i-xxxiii
Front Matter ....Pages 1-1
 A New Three-Dimensional Rock Mass Strength Criterion  (Pinnaduwa H. S. W. Kulatilake, Mohammad Hadi Mehranpour, Ma Xingen, Manchao He)....Pages 3-6
 New Tools and Techniques of Remote Sensing for Geologic Hazard Assessment  (Janusz Wasowski)....Pages 7-9
 Land Subsidence Induced by the Engineering-Environmental Effect in Shanghai, China  (Zhen-Dong Cui)....Pages 11-14
Front Matter ....Pages 15-15
 Synchrotron X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Applications to Speciation of Metals in Soil  (Tatiana Minkina, Dina Nevidomskaya, Tatiana Bauer, Saglara Mandzhieva, Abdulmalik Batukaev, Svetlana Sushkova et al.)....Pages 17-19
 Hydro-Geochemical Behavior of Acid Formation of Sulfide Bearing Rocks Based on Kinetic Column Tests  (Guzide Kalyoncu Erguler, Zeynal Abiddin Erguler)....Pages 21-23
 Interaction of CuO Nanoparticles with Hordeum Sativum Distichum in an Aquatic Medium and in the Soil  (Vishnu D. Rajput, Tatiana Minkina, Alexey Fedorenko, Grigoriy Fedorenko, Saglara Mandzhieva, Svetlana Sushkova et al.)....Pages 25-27
 Behavioural Responses of Armadillidium Granulatum (Crustacea, Oniscidea) to Zinc Contaminated Soil  (Raja Jelassi, Wafa Hammami, Chedliya Ghemari, Karima Nasri-Ammar)....Pages 29-32
 Heavy Metals Distribution in Soils of an Agricultural Area Impacted by Former Mining Activities: Case of Trozza Mine, Tunisia  (Intissar Elmayel, Pablo L. Higueras, Jalel Bouzid, Eva M. Garcia Noguero, Zouhair Elouaer)....Pages 33-36
 Statistical Distribution of Geochemical Elements in Stream Sediments and the Influence of Flood Phosphate Mud on the Mining Area, Metlaoui, Southwest Tunisia  (Feyda Srarfi, Raouen Rachdi, Roland Bol, Nadhem Brahim, Najet Slim Shimi)....Pages 37-39
 Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Sediment of the Bizerte Lagoon in Northern Tunisia  (Ibtihel Saidi, Olfa Ben Said, Jamel Ben Abdelmalek, Luis Chicharo, Hamouda Beyrem)....Pages 41-44
 Assessment of Heavy Metals Along a Contamination Gradient in Soils Collected from Industrial Areas in Northern Tunisia  (Ahmed Ouni, Chedliya Ghemari, Amina Ben Said, Christelle Pruvot, Francis Douay, Karima Nasri-Ammar)....Pages 45-48
 PAHs Monitoring in Soils Affected by Electric Power Station  (Svetlana Sushkova, Abdulmalik Batukaev, Tatiana Minkina, Elena Antonenko, Irina Deryabkina, Jana Popileshko et al.)....Pages 49-51
 Kinetics of Crude Oil Desorption from Contaminated Soil  (Rahal Soufiane, Hadidi Noureddine, Moulai Mostefa Nadji)....Pages 53-56
 Determination of Groundwater Quality Near a Non-engineered Landfill Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography  (Arindam Saha, Debaprakash Parida, Ashim Kanti Dey)....Pages 57-60
 Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste in Gabes  (Oumaima Chamem, Moncef Zairi)....Pages 61-64
 Portland Cement Exhaust Characterization and Its Potential Use in Mineral Carbon Sequestration  (Freeman E. D. Senzani, Antoine F. Mulaba-Bafubiandi)....Pages 65-67
 Evaluation of Air Pollutants and Dispersion Patterns for the Adjacent Areas of Mellitah Gas Complex, Libya  (Abdulhamid B. M. Danna, Amjad Kallel, Mohamed Jamel Rouis)....Pages 69-73
 Study of Chemical Composition in Wet Atmospheric Precipitation in Karachi, Pakistan  (Saiyada Masood, Sumayya Saied, Azhar Siddique, Shaikh Mohiuddin, Mirza Hussain, Muhammad Khan et al.)....Pages 75-78
Front Matter ....Pages 79-79
 Remediation Treatments and Economic Assessment of Oil Residual Sludge from the Bottom of Tunisian Refinery Crude Oil Storage Tanks  (Olfa Ben Said, Rihab Belgacem, Boudour Ben Gaffar, Hamouda Beyrem, James R Kahn)....Pages 81-83
 Proposing Rehabilitation Scenarios for Limestone Quarries with 3D Modeling and 3D Print: Case of Jbel El Oust (Tunisian Atlas)  (Soumaya Ben Fredj, Fetheddine Melki, Kamel Jridi)....Pages 85-88
 Potential Remobilization of Heavy Metals by Wave Friction Case of Algiers Bay  (Atroune Farid, Hemdane Yacine, Bouhmadouche Mohamed)....Pages 89-91
 Mitigation of Salinity Hazard from Low Permeable Soil by Electrochemical Treatment: A Laboratory Based Investigation   (Mohammed Mustapha Bessaim, Hanifi Missoum, Karim Bendani, Mohamed Said Bekkouche)....Pages 93-95
 Heated Blends of Phosphate Sludge: Thermal Transformation and Microstructure Characterization  (Hajer Baccour, Samir Baklouti)....Pages 97-100
 Geochemical of Fossil Diatoms and Its Utilization as Adsorbent in Water Treatment  (Touina Amel, Chernai Safia, Hamdi Boualem)....Pages 101-103
 Elaboration and Characterization of New Adsorbent Using Oil Shale Ash for Dyes Removal from Aqueous Solutions  (Youssef Miyah, Anissa Lahrichi, Fatiha Mejbar, Anis Khalil, Meryem Idrissi, Farid Zerrouq)....Pages 105-107
 Biochars Induced Changes in the Physicochemical Characteristics of Technosols: Effects of Feedstock and Pyrolysis Temperature  (Manel Kammoun-Rigane, Hajer Hlel, Khaled Medhioub)....Pages 109-111
 Short-Term Effects of Sewage Sludge Compost Application on Some Chemical Properties of Sandy Soil  (Houda Oueriemmi, Kaouther Ardhaoui, Mohamed Moussa)....Pages 113-115
Front Matter ....Pages 117-117
 Generic Classification of Hoars in the Northeastern Part of Bengal Basin, Bangladesh  (Mohammed Masum, Mohammad Omer Faruk Khan)....Pages 119-123
 Geotechnical Characterization of the Batoufam Lateritic Gravels (West Cameroon) for Road Construction Purpose  (Takala Boris Honore, Mbessa Michel)....Pages 125-127
 Identification of Geotechnical Properties of Weak Rock Masses and Stockpiles at Tunçbilek Open Pit Mining and the Related Slope Stability Analyses  (Zeynal Abiddin Erguler, Huseyin Karakus, I. Goktay Ediz, Cem Sensogut)....Pages 129-131
 Review on the Mechanical Behavior of Soil-Structure Interface  (Xue-Ying Yang, Li Yuan, Zhen-Dong Cui)....Pages 133-135
 Influence of Aggressive Groundwater Stream in Substrate for Lateral Loaded Piles  (Janusz Kozubal, Marek Wyjadłowski)....Pages 137-139
 Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Internal Erosion on the Behavior of Collapsible Soils  (Med Salah Laouar, Adel Djellali, Abdelkader Houam)....Pages 141-144
 Study on the Deformation Properties of Functionally Gradient Metro Tunnel Lining Structure  (Tong-Tong Zhang, Zhen-Dong Cui)....Pages 145-147
 Geological Context and Fracturing State of the Rock Massifs of the Jijelian Ledge (Northeast Algeria)  (Chahra Yellas, Riad Benzaid)....Pages 149-152
 Engineering Geological Assessment Using Geochemical, Mineralogical and Petrographic Analysis Along the Riyadh Metro Line 3 (Saudi Arabia)  (Manuel Cueto, Carlos López-Fernández, Luis Pando, Daniel Arias)....Pages 153-155
 Strength Estimation of Evaporitic Rocks Using Different Testing Methods  (Hasan Arman, Osman Abdelghany, Ala Aldahan, Mahmoud Abu Saima, Bahaa Mahmoud, Saber Hussein et al.)....Pages 157-159
 Characterization of Soil Stability to Withstand Erection of High-Rise Structure Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography  (Theophilus A. Adagunodo, Lukman A. Sunmonu, Olagoke P. Oladejo, Anuoluwapo M. Olanrewaju)....Pages 161-163
 Correlation Between Uniaxial Compressive and Shear Strength Data of Limestone Rocks by Regression Analysis and ANFIS Model  (Masoud Rashidi, Adel Asadi, Biltayib Misbah Biltayib)....Pages 165-167
 Numerical Investigation of the Interface Shear Behaviors Between Double Soil Layers Using PFC2D  (Zhong-Liang Zhang, Zhen-Dong Cui, Ling-Zi Zhao)....Pages 169-171
 Comparison of Soil Strength Parameters in a Small and Large Scale Direct Shear Test  (S. Farid F. Mojtahedi, Saeed Rezvani, Ali Nazari)....Pages 173-177
 Effect of Organic Matter on Geotechnical Behavior of Soils  (Rinku Varghese, S. Chandrakaran, K. Rangaswamy)....Pages 179-181
 Sand Failure: Effect of Biocide on the Geomechanical Properties of Outcrop Carbonate Rock Under Static Conditions  (Elizabeth Wuyep, Gbenga Oluyemi, Kyari Yates, Alfred Akisanya)....Pages 183-185
 Statistical Analysis of Non-destructive Evaluation of Concrete Strength in Several Case Studies of Literature: Effect of the Number of Cores on the Assessment Predictive Capacity  (Faiza Neggaz, Khoudja Ali-Benyahia, Mohamed Ghrici)....Pages 187-189
 Correlation of Electrical Resistivity Test with the Geotechnical Parameters of Sandy Soil  (Ahsan Naseem, Fazal-e Jalal, Hans De Backer, Ken Schotte, Muhammad Kashif)....Pages 191-193
 Evaluation of the Physical and Mechanical Properties and Structure of Geological Materials by Broadband Ultrasonic Structuroscopy  (Ivan A. Shibaev, Oleg D. Belov, Alexander Kravcov, Svetlana P. Mesyats)....Pages 195-197
Front Matter ....Pages 199-199
 Mechanical Instability of Sandy Soils Under Seismic Effect (Algeria)  (Mohammed Bousmaha, Mohamed Bensoula, Renaud Toussaint, Hanifi Missoum, Karim Bendani)....Pages 201-203
 Seismic Response and Failure Mechanism of the Subway Station: A Literature Review  (Zhi-Xiang Zhan, Zhen-Dong Cui)....Pages 205-207
 Dynamic Characteristics of Soft Clay Under Traffic Load  (Shi-An Dai, Zhen-Dong Cui)....Pages 209-211
 Case Study of Reliability Liquefaction Analysis Based on Standard Penetration Test: Sakarya City (Turkey)  (Zamila Harichane, Ayfer Erken, Mohamed Ghrici, Alaa Chateauneuf)....Pages 213-215
 Evaluation of Some Part of Lagos (Nigeria) Wetland for Liquefaction Vulnerability Using Integrated Approach  (Hamid Oladunjoye, Kayode Oyedele, Omolara Adenuga, Sofiat Adekoya)....Pages 217-221
 Sand-Steel Interface Behavior Under Cyclic Loading  (Mohamed Khemissa, Naoui Tallah, Djaâfar Barkat)....Pages 223-226
 Cyclic Pressuremeter Tests Dedicated to Study the Behavior of Piles Under Cyclic Transverse Loads  (Rim Baccara, Wissem Frikha, Philippe Reiffsteck, Sébastien Burlon)....Pages 227-230
Front Matter ....Pages 231-231
 Direct Measurements of Swell Potential of Expansive Soils with Computerized Equipment  (Murat Türköz)....Pages 233-235
 Temperature Effect on Alkali Contaminated Kaolinitic Clays  (P. Lakshmi Sruthi, P. Hari Prasad Reddy)....Pages 237-241
 Study on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Clay Before and After Single Freeze-Thaw  (Chong Xu, Zhen-dong Cui)....Pages 243-245
 Geotechnical Mapping of Clayey Subgrade Soils Characteristics: A Case Study from Tebessa City (Algeria)  (Adel Djellali, Med Salah Laour, Abdelkader Houam)....Pages 247-250
 Regression Tools to Quantify the Swelling Pressure of Expansive Soil in Tebessa Region (Algeria)  (Yacine Berrah, Abderrahmane Boumezbeur, Nouar Charef)....Pages 251-253
 Dynamic Properties of Soft Clay Under Freezing-Thawing Cycle  (Chen-Yu Hou, Zhen-Dong Cui)....Pages 255-257
 Stabilization of Clayey Soil Using Lime and Prosopis Fibers  (Gopinath Rudramurthy, Poopathi Ramasamy, Arun Rajendran)....Pages 259-261
Front Matter ....Pages 263-263
 An Experimental Study to Compare Two Soil Improvement Techniques Performance  (Yasin Baskose, Candan Gokceoglu)....Pages 265-268
 Effect of Combined Application of Mineral Fertilizer in Soil Hydraulic Properties  (Nissaf Karbout, Mohamed Moussa, Nadhem Brahim, Roland Bol, Habib Bounina)....Pages 269-272
 Glass Fiber Effect on the Undrained Static Response of Chlef Sand (Northern Algeria)  (Leyla Bouaricha, Ahmed Djafar Henni, Laurent Lancelot)....Pages 273-276
 Long Term Evaluation of Wetting-Drying Cycles for Compacted Soils Treated with Lime  (Maafi Nabil, Akchiche Mustapha, Sara Rios)....Pages 277-281
 Geotechnical Properties of Sandy Soil Stabilized Using Cement and Prosopis juliflora Fibers  (Gopinath Rudramurthy, Poopathi Ramasamy, Arun Rajendran)....Pages 283-285
 Mechanical Properties of Loess Treated by Calcium Lignosulfonate  (Guoyu Li, Xin Hou, Wei Ma, Fei Wang)....Pages 287-289
 Effect of Full Wrap-Around Ends of Geotextile on the Bearing Capacity of Sand  (Safa Djeridi, Naima Benmebarek, Sadok Benmebarek)....Pages 291-294
 A Direct Shear Investigation on the Determination of the Shearing Resistance of Reinforced Soil with Waste Rubber  (Negadi Kheira, Arab Ahmed)....Pages 295-299
 Bearing Capacity Behavior of the Clay and Sand Interface Reinforced with Geotextiles  (Said Nouri, Amar Nechnech, Maria de Lurdes Costa Lopes)....Pages 301-303
 Improvement of Geotechnical Properties of Aged Municipal Solid Wastes Using Dredged Sand and Portland Composite Cement  (Md. Maruful Hoque, M. Tauhid Ur Rahman, Md. Shoriful Alam Mondal)....Pages 305-307
 Valorization of Foundry Green Sand in Road Construction  (Hadj Bekki, M. Yacine Haouachine, Yacine Aouci)....Pages 309-312
 Experimental and Numerical Performance Evaluation of Cement-Calcined Kaolin-River Sand-Clay Mixture as a Highway Material  (E. Arinze Emmanuel, Ekeoma Emmanuel C.)....Pages 313-316
Front Matter ....Pages 317-317
 An Analytical Model for Determining the Natural Frequency of Retaining Structures Including the Earth Pressures  (Lyazid Guechi, Smain Belkacemi)....Pages 319-321
 Modelling of Material and Geometrical Nonlinearities of Footing by a New Non-Linear Macro-Element  (Mourad Khebizi, Hamza Guenfoud, Mohamed Guenfoud)....Pages 323-325
 Seismic Response of Back-to-Back MSE Walls  (Mohamed Djabri, Sadok Benmebarek)....Pages 327-330
 Numerical Modeling and Parametric Study of Flexible Wall Reinforced with Anchor System  (Dounia Amrani)....Pages 331-334
 Reliability Analysis of Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations  (Faiçal Bendriss, Zamila Harichane)....Pages 335-336
 Numerical Analysis of Piled Raft Interaction in Soft Clay  (Abdelkrim Ferchat, Sadok Benmebarek, Mohamed Nabil Houhou)....Pages 337-339
 Multivariate Assessment of Soil—Building Foundation Interaction Using PLAXIS Software  (Ivan A. Shibaev, Ivan E. Sas, Dmitry M. Bagriantcev, Oleg L. Dudchenko)....Pages 341-343
 Probability of Failure Assessment of Building Using Traditional and Enhanced Monte Carlo Simulation Techniques  (Badreddine Chemali, Boualem Tiliouine)....Pages 345-347
 Slope Stability Analysis Under External Static Surcharge  (Soumia Merat, Lynda Djerbal, Ramdane Bahar)....Pages 349-353
 Stability Analysis of Slopes Prone to Circular Failures Using Logistic Regression  (Mehmet Sari)....Pages 355-357
 Comparative Study on the Influence of the Variation of Initial Stress on Slope Stability  (Brahim Lafifi, Mohamed Salah Nouaouria)....Pages 359-361
 The Applicability of the Hybrid Method to Analyze Slope Stabilizing Contiguous Pile Walls  (Mehdi Dib, Salim Kouloughli, Mabrouk Hecini)....Pages 363-365
 Analysis of the Track Critical Velocity in High-Speed Railway  (Wan-Kai Zhang, Li Yuan, Zhen-Dong Cui)....Pages 367-369
 Flow Filling of a Closed, Circular and Almost Horizontal Pipe  (Wahiba Mokrane, Ahmed Kettab)....Pages 371-373
Front Matter ....Pages 375-375
 Assessment of Geological Hazards Along Alagaba Highway-Red Sea State, Sudan  (Esamaldeen Ali, El-Khider Rahamt Allah)....Pages 377-380
 Mining Geohazards at the Perimeter of the Amyntaio Open Pit Coal Mine, West Macedonia, Greece  (Constantinos Loupasakis)....Pages 381-384
 Geomorphic Mapping Reveals ~NW-SE Extension in NW Himalaya  (Afroz Ahmad Shah, Adi Ameza Binti Mohd Addly, Mohammad Iskandar Bin Abdul Samat)....Pages 385-389
 Contribution of Morpho-Tectonic Analysis in the Study of Spatio-Temporal Evolution of Land Movements in North-West Tunisia: Example of Balta and Dir El Kef  (Radhia Mansour, Mourad El Koundi, Nassira Zouaoui, Abdessallem El Ghali)....Pages 391-393
 Mapping Geological Risk in Urban Areas (by the Example of Moscow, Russia)  (Irina Kozliakova, Olga Eremina)....Pages 395-397
 Numerical Simulation of Land Subsidence Caused by Both Dewatering and Recharging  (Xu-Bing Xu, Zhen-Dong Cui)....Pages 399-401
 Displacement Distribution Caused by Pumping from the Aquifer in Soil  (Wen-Hao Guo, Zhen-Dong Cui, Zhen Li)....Pages 403-406
 Observations on Failure Behavior of Cut Slopes in Chalky Limestone, Case Studies in RUS Formation  (Abdullah Kallash, Hernan Vigil)....Pages 407-409
 The Landslide of Agrigento Hill (Sicily, Italy)  (Liguori Vincenzo)....Pages 411-414
 ROAD Slope Instabilities in Schist Massifs: Case of the National Road Linking Marrakech to Ouarzazate (Morocco)  (Abdeltif Bouchehma, Azzouz Kchikach, Imad Kadiri, Hamid Essaidi, Mohammed Himmi, Khalil Bizani et al.)....Pages 415-418
 Rainfall Effect on Slope Stability Using Numerical Analysis  (Soumia Merat, Lynda Djerbal, Ramdane Bahar)....Pages 419-424
 Temporal Characteristics of the Rainfall Induced Landslides in the Chinese Loess Plateau (China)  (Aidi Huo, Jianbing Peng, Yuxiang Cheng, Xiaolu Zheng, Yiran Wen)....Pages 425-427
 Tempo-Spatial Distribution and Triggering Mechanism of Loess Landslide: A Case Study from South Jingyang Platform, Shaanxi  (Zhao Duan, Wen-chieh Cheng, Jianbing Peng, Wei Chen)....Pages 429-432
 Landslides in the Mila Basin-AGIS Approach  (Nadira Bounemeur, Riad Benzaid, Souad Atoub)....Pages 433-436
 Landslide Distribution Analysis and Susceptibility Mapping: A Case Study from Haveli District, Pakistan  (Muhammad Basharat, Rizwan Yousaf, Muhammad Tayyib Riaz)....Pages 437-440
 Debris Flow Susceptibility Assessment at a Regional Scale Based on Flow-R Model (China)  (Yinping Nie, Xiuzhen Li)....Pages 441-444
 Vegetation Dynamics on Clay Landslides After Bioengineering Works: Three Case Studies in North Apennines, Italy  (Donatella Pavanelli, Antea Gennari, Lorenzo Sulpizi, Claudio Cavazza)....Pages 445-448
 Training of Sensors for Early Warning System of Rainfall-Induced Landslides  (Naresh Mali, Pratik Chaturvedi, Varun Dutt, Venkata Uday Kala)....Pages 449-452
 A Photogrammetric Surface Comparison for a Dam Reservoir in a Landslide—Prone Area in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey  (Sultan Kocaman, Eray Sevgen, Candan Gokceoglu)....Pages 453-456
Front Matter ....Pages 457-457
 Evaluation of Natural Radioactivity Levels of Pre-Cambrian Basement Rocks from the South-Western Margin of Arabian-Nubian Shield, Sudan  (Mohammed Abdallsamed, Mushaal Salih, Asim El Mansour)....Pages 459-461
 Temporal Shallow Water Tidal Analysis at Sharm Obhur, the Red Sea  (V. R. Shamji)....Pages 463-465
 Sinkhole Morphologies from Photogrammetry and Distinct Element Modeling—An Example from the Dead Sea  (Djamil Al-Halbouni, Eoghan P. Holohan, Hussam Alrshdan, Ali Sawarieh, Torsten Dahm)....Pages 467-471
 An Assessment of Sensitivity to Desertification in Western High Atlas of Morocco: An Application to Ain Asmama Site  (Adnane Labbaci, Belkacem Kabbachi, Abdelkarim Ezaidi, James Thorne)....Pages 473-475
 Erosion Sensitivity Mapping Using GIS-Based Multicriteria Analysis – Case Study of the Semiarid Macta Watershed, North-West of Algeria  (Mohammed Amine Hamadouche, Fatima Zohra Daikh, Mohammed Chrair, Djamel Anteur, Youcef Fekir, Miloud Driss)....Pages 477-480
 Experimental Investigation of Several Different Types of Soil Erosion Protection Systems  (Hossein Moayedi, Ramli Nazir, Loke Kok Foong, Mansour Mosallanezhad, Biswajeet Pradhan)....Pages 481-483
 Land Use Sensitivity Map for Impact of Land Management on Extreme Flood Events at the Northeast Coast of Peninsular (Malaysia)  (Nader Saadatkhah, Jafar Rahnamarad, Shattri Mansor, Zailani Khuzaimah, Arnis Asmat, Nor Aizam Adnan et al.)....Pages 485-488
 Influence of Anthropogenic Activity on the Development and Spreading of Flood Hazardous Events in Madeira Island (Portugal)  (Davide Baioni)....Pages 489-492
 Towards Development of Risk-Based, Soil and Groundwater Screening Values (Threshold Values) for Petroleum Hydrocarbon (PHC) in Libya and Tunisia by Considering Climate and Regional “Geographical” Factors  (Salahadein Ahmed Alzien, Roger Brewer, Olfa Ben Said, Rafig Azzam)....Pages 493-495
 Understanding Preparedness Insufficiency in the Context of DRRM: A Case Study in Malinao, Albay, Philippines  (Ana Marie R. Abante)....Pages 497-501
 Transposition of the Genius Paraseismic Knowledge at Elements of Architectural Design; Case of Algerian Architects  (Mohamed Benabdelfattah, Youcef Kehila)....Pages 503-505
 Protecting Heritage Structures Against Liquefaction: Recent Developments  (Amir Tophel, G. V. Ramana)....Pages 507-509
 Correction to: Comparison of Soil Strength Parameters in a Small and Large Scale Direct Shear Test  (S. Farid F. Mojtahedi, Saeed Rezvani, Ali Nazari)....Pages C1-C3