Radionuclides in the oceans input and inventories

Summary......Page 11
1.1. Introduction......Page 15
1.2. Field Measurements and Databases......Page 16
1.3. The Ocean Scale Distribution of Radionuclides......Page 17
1.4. Point Sources and Regional Inputs in the North Atlantic Area......Page 25
1.5. Radioactive Waste in the Arctic and Sub-Arctic Areas......Page 30
1.6. Dumping of Packaged Radioactive Waste in the Atlantic......Page 32
1.7. Accidents and Radioactive Contamination......Page 34
1.8. Conclusions......Page 36
2. [sup(137)]Cs ([sup(90)]Sr) and Pu Isotopes in the Pacific Ocean: Sources and Trends......Page 43
2.1. Introduction......Page 44
2.3. Atmospheric Global Fallout......Page 46
2.4. [sub(137)]Cs Concentrations in the Surface Ocean......Page 50
2.5. Comparative Behaviour of [sup(137)]Cs ([sup(90)]Sr) and [sup(239,240)]Pu......Page 53
2.6. Resuspension of Previously Deposited Debris......Page 59
2.7. Land-Based Sources of Radioactivity......Page 60
2.8. Remobilization of [sup(137)]Cs and [sup(239,240)]Pu from Test Sites in the Pacific......Page 62
2.9. Impacts of Chernobyl on the Pacific......Page 63
2.11. Discussion......Page 64
3. Radioactivity from the North Pole to the Antarctic......Page 73
3.2. Materials and Methods......Page 74
3.3. Results and Discussion......Page 78
3.4. Conclusions......Page 86
4.1. Introduction......Page 89
4.3. Results and Discussion......Page 90
4.4. Conclusion......Page 106
5.1. Introduction......Page 109
5.2. The Arctic Ocean - Transport and Pathways......Page 110
5.3. Radioactive Contamination of the Arctic Ocean......Page 114
5.4. Conclusions......Page 128
Introduction......Page 135
6.1. General Pattern of Water Mass Circulation in the North Sea: Present State of Knowledge......Page 136
6.2. Sampling and Methods......Page 138
6.3. Results......Page 140
6.4. Discussion......Page 163
6.5. Conclusion......Page 165
7.1. Introduction......Page 169
7.2. Liquid Waste Discharges from Sellafield......Page 170
7.3. Monitoring in the Irish Sea......Page 173
7.4. Artificial Radionuclide Distributions and Dispersion Processes......Page 174
7.5. Time-Trend Analyses of Radionuclide Concentrations in Key Marine Compartments......Page 177
7.6. Radionuclide Inventories in the Irish Sea......Page 182
7.7. Modelling and Future Research......Page 184
8.1. Introduction......Page 191
8.2. Sources of Artificial Radionuclides......Page 195
8.3. Radionuclide Concentration in Seawater......Page 197
8.4. Sediments......Page 202
8.5. Palomares......Page 203
8.6. Organisms......Page 204
8.7. Summary......Page 207
9.1. Introduction......Page 213
9.2. Input of Radioisotopes to the Black Sea......Page 214
9.3. Geochemical Behavior of Radionuclides in the Black Sea......Page 216
9.4. Particle-Reactive Radionuclides......Page 222
9.5. Summary......Page 226
10.1. Contamination of the Water of the Baltic Sea Prior to the Chernobyl Accident......Page 233
10.2. Deposition of the Chernobyl Fallout over the Baltic Sea......Page 237
10.3. Temporal Evolution of the Chernobyl Contamination in the Baltic Sea......Page 239
10.5. Inventories......Page 243