Radicalization and Variations of Violence: New Theoretical Approaches and Original Case Studies

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Contributors
Introduction
	1	 Problem Description
	2	 Defining and Understanding Radicalization
	3	 Deradicalization
	4	 Book Outline
	References
Part I: Causes and the Constitution of Radicalization
	Organising Political Violence: Radicalisation and Militancy as Narrative Activity
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Reading Research on Radicalisation to Retrieve Emotional Dynamics
			2.1	 Radicalisation and Militancy Root on Emotional Experiences
			2.2	 Taking the Emotional Resonance of Narratives Seriously
		3	 Narrative, Emotions and Mobilisation
			3.1	 Political Narratives: Definition, Characteristics and Functions
			3.2	 The Representation of Collective Emotions in Narrative Form
			3.3	 Some Narratives Perform Emotions More Intensely Than Others
		4	 Radicalisation and Militancy as Narrative Activity
		References
	Making Sense of Terrorism and Violence: A Case Study
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Conceptual Framework
		3	 Radicalization and Terrorism
		4	 Theoretical Framework
		5	 Methodology
		6	 Validity and Reliability
		7	 Case Background
		8	 Analysis
			8.1	 I Did Not know: I Did Not Trust (Access and Trust)
				8.1.1	 Advantages of Political Violence
				8.1.2	 Violence: The Means of Achieving Peace
			8.2	 Normality of Violence
				8.2.1	 Ideology Versus Normality of Violence
		9	 Conclusion
		References
	Correlates for Foreign Fighters in Tunisia
		1	 Introduction
		2	 State of the Art
		3	 Factors for Foreign Fighter Mobilization in Tunisia
		4	 Research Design and Data Sample
		5	 Analysis
			5.1	 Descriptive Analysis
			5.2	 Regression Analysis
		6	 Discussion
		7	 Conclusion
		References
Part II: Approaches to Prognosis, De-radicalization and Prevention
	Radicalization and Public Discourse
		1	 Introduction: Why Narratives Matter
		2	 Core Theoretical Assumptions
			2.1	 On Meaning-Making and Narratives
			2.2	 On Extremism, Terrorist Violence and Communication
		3	 Narratives on Cases of Terrorist Violence
			3.1	 The French Narrative: An Act of War
			3.2	 The German Narrative: A Tragedy the System Can Handle
			3.3	 The UK Narrative: An Atrocity
		4	 Discussion: The Challenges of Meaning-Making After Terrorist Attacks
			4.1	 Defining the Situation: Validation & Disregard
			4.2	 Constructing Actants and Identities: In-Groups and Enemies
			4.3	 The Objective of Reacting: Overreaction and Reluctance
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	The (Non-)escalation of Violence During the Third Act of the Yellow Vests Protests
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Randall Collins and the Absence of the Social Order
			2.1	 Interactionist Approaches to Violence
			2.2	 Micro-sociological, Isolated Islands?
		3	 Collective Violence in the Yellow Vests Movement
			3.1	 Research on the Yellow Vests
			3.2	 Data and Method
			3.3	 The Micro-situational Dynamics of Non-escalation
				3.3.1	 Build-up of Confrontational Tension/Fear
				3.3.2	 The Absence of Forward Panic
		4	 Discussion
		References
	Elicitive Peace Education in Polarizing Conflicts over Democracy
		1	 Introduction
		2	 A Relational Perspective of Peace Education on Radicalization
		3	 Analysis of the NHF Case Study
			3.1	 Relational Dimension
			3.2	 Structural Dimension
			3.3	 Cultural Dimension
			3.4	 (Trans-)Personal Dimension
			3.5	 Transformative Steps for Peace Education
		4	 Conclusion
		References
Part III: Selected Case Studies of Radicalization
	Representation of Kurdish Female Combatants in Western Cinema
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Women and Political Violence
		3	 Kurdish Women as Combatants: Not a Novel Phenomenon
			3.1	 History of Kurdish Women’s (Armed) Struggle(s)
			3.2	 Western Media Depiction of Kurdish Female Combats
		4	 Methodology & Case Selection
			4.1	 Methodological Framework
			4.2	 Case Selection
		5	 Discussion: Women’s Violence as an Exception and an Emotional Reaction
			5.1	 Struggle for Emancipation: Depoliticization
			5.2	 Personal-Emotional Motivation Frame (Victim Frame)
			5.3	 Physical Appearance: Sexualization of the Female Combatants
			5.4	 Exceptionalism: Mystic Death Machines
		6	 Conclusion
		References
	Manifestations of Violence in the Causality of a Radicalization Episode
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Critical Realism
		3	 Theoretical Framework
		4	 Case Study Setting
			4.1	 Background Information
			4.2	 Radicalization Episode: The Empiric Domain
			4.3	 Revealing Unobservable Events: The Actual Domain
				4.3.1	 Marginality
				4.3.2	 The Implications of the Narrative
			4.4	 Structures and Mechanisms: The Real Domain
				4.4.1	 Laws as a Mechanism of Symbolic Violence
				4.4.2	 The Uncritical Position on the Law
		5	 Conclusion
		References
	Radical Politics in Post-Conflict Settings
		1	 Introduction
		2	 Methods: Investigating Radical Politics in Post-conflict Settings
		3	 Case Study
			3.1	 How Radical Politics Implicate in the Cyprus Problem
			3.2	 ELAM Emerging After Border Opening
			3.3	 Radical Far-Right Ideology and Post-Conflict Politics
			3.4	 Close Borders
			3.5	 Distancing from Greek Golden Dawn
			3.6	 Adapting the Agenda to the Post-Conflict Setting
		4	 Conclusion
		References
	Uncovering the Complexities of Radicalization and Violence: A Summary
		1	 Examining Factors and Causes for the Constitution of Radicalization
		2	 Analysing Violence and Radicalization in Empirical Case Studies through Innovative Methods
		3	 Levels of Analysis
		4	 Radicalism and Protest
		5	 Discursive Component
		6	 Prevention and Reaction to Violence/De-radicalization
		7	 Outlook for Studies on Radicalization
		References