Radiation Trapped in the Earth’s Magnetic Field: Proceedings of the Advanced Study Institute Held at the Chr. Michelsen Institute, Bergen, Norway August 16–September 3, 1965

Front Matter....Pages I-XIV
Opening Talk....Pages 1-3
Front Matter....Pages 5-5
Models of the Earth’s Magnetic Field....Pages 7-25
Adiabatic Theory of Charged Particle Motion....Pages 26-44
Magnetic Coordinates....Pages 45-61
Future Magnetic Field for B-L Space....Pages 62-62
Front Matter....Pages 63-63
Some General Aspects of Geomagnetically Trapped Radiation....Pages 65-75
Some Cosmic Ray and Radiation Belt Observations Based on Data from the Anton 302 G-M Counter in Ariel I....Pages 76-99
Low Altitude Measurements of Trapped Electrons....Pages 100-111
Resonance Acceleration of Particles in the Inner Radiation Belt....Pages 112-115
Energy Spectrum of Inner Zone Protons....Pages 116-128
Electron and Proton Observations....Pages 129-154
Temporal Stability of Inner Zone Protons....Pages 155-164
Some Observations of the Distribution of Energetic Protons in the Earth’s Radiation Belts between 1962 and 1964....Pages 165-184
Summary of Inner Zone Protons....Pages 185-186
Conclusions on Neutron Albedo Decay Source....Pages 187-188
Front Matter....Pages 189-189
The Alouette Satellite Results....Pages 191-214
Outer Zone Protons....Pages 215-230
Vela Satellite Measurements of Particles in the Solar Wind and the Distant Geomagnetosphere....Pages 231-255
Trapped Radiation Estimates for the Other Planets....Pages 256-262
Outer Zone Electrons....Pages 263-283
Front Matter....Pages 285-285
Origin and Loss of Inner Zone Protons....Pages 287-301
Particle Effects in the Geomagnetic Field....Pages 302-320
Precipitation of Electrons and Protons into the Atmosphere....Pages 321-336
Loss Rates of Trapped Electrons by Atmospheric Collisions....Pages 337-351
Source of Outer Zone Protons....Pages 352-368
Diffusion of Protons in the Outer Radiation Belt....Pages 369-372
Longitude Dependence of Geomagnetically Trapped Electrons....Pages 373-377
On the Observation of Ionospheric Effects due to Dumping of Trapped Particles....Pages 378-385
Front Matter....Pages 387-387
Survey of Acceleration and Diffusion....Pages 389-397
Coefficients of Diffusion in the Outer Radiation Belt....Pages 398-402
Electron Loss from the Van Allen Zones due to Pitch Angle Scattering by Electromagnetic Disturbances....Pages 403-421
Observations of Magnetospheric Boundary Phenomena....Pages 422-446
Magnetospheric Models....Pages 447-456
Nature of the Outer Magnetosphere and the Magnetopause Theory....Pages 457-480
The Motion of Trapped Particles in a Distorted Field....Pages 481-490
Some Plasma Instabilities of the Magnetosphere....Pages 491-503
Auroral Phenomena Associated with Particle Precipitations....Pages 504-537
Ionospheric Response to Particle Precipitation by f min -Blackout Technique....Pages 538-546
The Tail of the Magnetosphere and Particle Acceleration....Pages 547-550
A Fluid Model for the Interaction of the Solar Wind and the Geomagnetic Field....Pages 551-562
Front Matter....Pages 563-563
Sources of Artificial Radiation Belts....Pages 565-574
Spatial Distribution and Time Decay of the Intensities of Geomagnetically Trapped Electrons from the High Altitude Nuclear Burst of July 1962....Pages 575-592
Measurements of Trapped Electron Intensities Made by the Explorer XV Satellite....Pages 593-609
Observations of the Transient Behavior of Electrons in the Artificial Radiation Belts....Pages 610-633
Some Observations of the Trapped Electrons Produced by the Russian High-Altitude Nuclear Detonation of October 28, 1962....Pages 634-662
The Trapped Electron Spectra from the Starfish Detonation and from the Outer Belt in the Fall of 1962....Pages 663-665
Overall Analysis of Experiments on Artificial Radiation Belts....Pages 666-670
The Motion of Bomb Debris Following the Starfish Test....Pages 671-692
Energetic Electrons from Shock Heating in the Exosphere....Pages 693-700
Front Matter....Pages 701-701
Synchrotron Radiation Measurements near the Magnetic Equator....Pages 703-713
Theoretical Model of Synchrotron Radiation and Comparison with Observations....Pages 714-754
Front Matter....Pages 755-755
Effects of Trapped Radiation on Electronic Devices....Pages 757-792
Radiation Damage to Orbiting Solar Cells and Transistors....Pages 793-807
A Method for Calculation of Average Radiation Fluxes on Satellites....Pages 808-814
Front Matter....Pages 815-815
Predictions and Observations for Space Flight....Pages 817-845
Shielding Techniques....Pages 846-864
A Model Proton Environment above 4 Mev....Pages 865-874
Some New Methods for Space Shielding Calculations....Pages 875-886
Summary....Pages 887-889
Back Matter....Pages 891-901