Quorum Sensing: Molecular Mechanism and Biotechnological Application

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Quorum Sensing:

Molecular Mechanism and Biotechnological
Application
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface
Part 1: General: Chemistry and Microbiology
1
The Chemical Language of Gram-Negative Bacteria
	Introduction
	Quorum Sensing System Architectures in Gram-Negative Bacteria
		AHL-Based Quorum Sensing
		AI-2 Based Quorum Sensing
		QS Systems Using Other Autoinducers
	Chemistry of Autoinducers
		N-Acyl Homoserine Lactones
		Cyclic Furanone Compounds
		Others
		Quorum Sensing in Marine Environments
	Quorum Quenching Molecules
		A Case Study of Inhibitors of AHL Receptors: LasR Antagonists
		Enzymatic Inhibition of QS
			Enzymatic degradation and inactivation of AHLs
			Enzymatic degradation and inactivation of non-AHLs quorum sensing signals
			Biosynthesis inhibition of AHLs molecules
			Biosynthesis inhibition of AI-2
	Conclusion
	Glossary
2
Analytical Approaches for the Identification of Quorum Sensing Molecules
	Introduction
	Sample Preparation
		Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE)
		Solid Phase Extraction (SPE)
	Detection, Identification, and Quantification of QS Molecules
		Analytical Approaches for AHL Detection
			Biosensors
			Radiolabeled assays
			Colorimetric assays
		Analytical Approaches for AHL Identification and Quantification
			Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
			Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)
			Capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS)
			Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS)
			Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
		Analytical Approaches for Identification and Quantification of Other QS Molecules
	Concluding Remarks
	Glossary
3
Quorum Sensing in Marine Biofilms and Environments
	Introduction
	The Discovery of and Growing Interest in Quorum Sensing in Marine Environments
		1970s: Quorum Sensing was Discovered in the Marine Environment-The Vibrio-squid Model
		1990-2010s: A Growing Interest in the Study of Quorum Sensing in Marine Environments
	Overview of Prokaryotic Diversity and Compounds Involved in Quorum Sensing in Marine Environments and Biofilms
		Experimental Approaches to Characterize AIs in the Marine Environment
		AHLs, or Autoinducer-1 (AI-1)
		Autoinducer-2 (AI-2)
		Other AIs
		Diffusion of AIs in the Marine Environment
		V. harveyi (and the Harveyi clade), a Model for the Study of Quorum Sensing in Marine Bacteria
	Surface Biofilms and Holobionts: The Diversity of Microbial Habitats Enabling Quorum Sensing in the Marine Environment
		Phycosphere of (Micro-)algae and Phyllosphere of Marine Plants
		Biofilm Around Sinking Marine Snow Particles
		Marine Microbial Mats and Other Types of Subtidal Biofilms
		Corals and Other Cnidarian-associated Communities
		Sponge-associated Communities
	Diversity of Prokaryotic Functions Regulated by Quorum Sensing in Marine Environments
		Bioluminescence and Pigment Production
		Motility
		Initiation of Biofilm Formation, Maturation, and Dispersion
		Virulence
		Emission of Colonization Factors
		Horizontal Gene Transfer
		Nutrient Acquisition
		Production of Antimicrobial Compounds
		Induction and Maintenance of Phenotypic Heterogeneity within a Cell Population
	Sourcing and Applying Quorum Sensing Inhibitors in the Marine Environment: Aquaculture Protection and Innovation in Gr ...
		A model story: The Discovery of Antifouling Compounds in the Red Marine Alga Delisea pulchra
		Diversity of Quorum Quenching Compounds Isolated from Marine Organisms
		Diversity of Marine Quorum Quenching Enzymes
		Applications for Biofouling on Marine Underwater Surfaces
		Applications in Aquaculture
	Concluding Remarks
	Glossary
	Acknowledgments
4
Quorum Sensing in Extremophiles
	Introduction to Extremophiles and Extreme Ecosystems
	Quorum Sensing in Extremophiles
		Halophiles
		Thermophiles
		Acidophiles
		Archaea
		Other Extremophiles
	Biomolecule Synthesis by Extremophiles: QS Regulation
		Extremozymes
		Exopolysaccharides
	Extreme Biomolecules: Potential Biotechnological Applications
	Conclusions
	Glossary
	Acknowledgments
Part 2:
Inter-Kingdom Communication
5
Quorum Sensing in Phytopathogenesis
	Introduction
	Quorum Sensing Phenomenon
		Quorum Sensing in Plant-Associated Microorganisms
			Quorum sensing in phytopathogenic bacteria
			Quorum sensing in phytopathogenic fungi
	Effect of Bacterial Quorum Sensing on Plant Immunity and Physiology
		Plant Innate Immunity
		Quorum Sensing Molecules and Plant Immunity
		Quorum Sensing Molecules Affect Plant Physiology
	Quorum Quenching in Phytopathogenesis
		Plant Quorum Sensing Inhibitors
		Bacterial Quorum Sensing Inhibitors against Plant Pathogenic Bacteria
	Sugars and Sugar Signaling in Plant-Microbe Interactions
	Concluding Remarks and Perspectives
	Glossary
6
Quorum Sensing and the Gut Microbiome
	Introduction
	Autoinducers
	Catecholamine Signaling in Bacteria
	Nutrient Signaling in the Gut
	Concluding Remarks
	Glossary
Part 3: Quorum Sensing Inhibition
7
Enzymatic Quorum Quenching in Biofilms
	Introduction
	Life on Surfaces: The Bacterial Biofilm
	Biofilms and Antibiotic Resistance
		Multispecies Biofilms
		Communication in P. aeruginosa Biofilms
		Quorum Sensing Signals
		Quorum Quenching Enzymes
			Lactonases
			QQ acylases
			Oxidoreductases
			Quorum quenching enzymes against AI-2
		Quenching the Quinolone Dependent QS Signal
		Applications of Quorum Quenching Enzymes
		Functionalization of Surfaces
		Membrane Bioreactor
		Inhaled Lactonase
	Discussion and Perspectives
	Glossary
	Acknowledgment
8
Effect of Polyphenols on Microbial Cell-Cell Communications
	What is Quorum Sensing?
	Polyphenols
		Structure and Distribution
		Antimicrobial Activity of Polyphenols
		Polyphenols as Quorum Quenching Players
	Polyphenols From Marine Organisms With Antimicrobial and QQ Activity
		Structure, Characterization, and Biological Activity of Phlorotannins
		Antifungal and QQ Activities Exhibited by Phlorotannins
	Lichens Secondary Metabolites: Generalities, Antimicrobial and Antifungal Activities
		QS and Antibiofilm Activity by Lichenic Polyphenols
	Conclusions
	Glossary
Part 4: Applications
9
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Inhibition
	Introduction
	Quorum Sensing and Quorum Quenching
		Quorum Sensing Systems and Biofilm in P. aeruginosa
		Screening for Quorum Sensing Inhibitors
			Inhibition of Quorum Sensing Signal Biosynthesis
			QS Signal Degradation and Inactivation
			Inhibition of Signal Detection
		Natural Quorum Sensing Inhibitors
			Quorum Quenching Enzymes
				AHL-Lactonases
				Acylases
				Paraxonases
				Oxidoreductases
				2,4-Dioxygenase (Hod)
			Antibodies
			Natural Quorum Sensing Inhibitor Compounds and Extracts
				Bacteria
				Algae
				Animals
				Plants
				Fungi
				sRNAs
			Bacteriophage
		Synthetic Quorum Sensing Modulators
	Conclusion and Opinion
	Glossary
	Acknowledgment
	References
10
Cyclic Peptides in Neurological Disorders: The Case of Cyclo(His-Pro)
	Introduction
	Cyclic Peptides
		Cyclic Dipeptides
		CDPs in QS Systems
	CHP in Neurological Disorders
		Background
		Current Understanding
		Future Perspectives
	Conclusion
	Glossary
	References
Index
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