Quasars, Redshifts, and Controversies

Cover......Page 1
Half Title......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 8
Redshifts and the Hubble Law......Page 10
Radio Galaxies and Quasars......Page 11
1 DISTANCES
OF QUASARS......Page 16
Quasars Associated with Galaxies......Page 18
Quasars Ejected from Galaxies......Page 19
Summary......Page 23
Appendix to Chapter 1—Probabilities of Associations......Page 24
Note on Periodicities in Quasar Redshifts......Page 25
2 THE BATTLE OVER STATISTICS......Page 26
A. Quasars near Companion Galaxies......Page 29
Appendix to Chapter 2......Page 37
3 GALAXIES VISIBLY CONNECTED
TO QUASARS......Page 40
B. The Quasar PKS 1327-206:
Another Quasar Connected
to a Peculiar Galaxy......Page 46
C. NGC 5297/96 and Other
Galaxies Optically Connected to,
or Perturbed by,
Quasars......Page 48
D. Radio Connections—The Radio
Galaxy 3C 303 and Nearby Quasar(s)......Page 49
E. The Radio Galaxy 0844 + 31......Page 50
F. A Quasar and Compact Radio Source
Ejected from The Radio Galaxy
B2 0924 + 30......Page 52
Appendix to Chapter 3......Page 54
A. The Galaxy with the Longest
Known Optical Jets, NGC 1097......Page 56
B. The Disturbed Galaxy NGC 520......Page 60
C. The Exploding Galaxy M82......Page 67
Appendix to Chapter 4......Page 70
5 DISTRIBUTION  OF QUASARS IN SPACE......Page 72
A. The Densest Groups
of Quasars......Page 73
B. The Intrinsic Luminosities of
Quasars of Different Redshifts......Page 76
C. Quasars in the
Local Group of Galaxies......Page 78
D. The Sculptor Group of Galaxies......Page 83
E. The Quasars Belonging to M82......Page 85
Summary......Page 86
Appendix to Chapter 5......Page 87
References to Papers Covering Material in Text......Page 88
6 GALAXIES WITH EXCESS REDSHIFT......Page 90
A. The Large Spiral Galaxy NGC 1232 and
its Two Discordant Redshift Companions......Page 97
B. The Active Central Galaxy, NGC 4151......Page 99
C. Chains and Multiple Interacting Groups
In the Vicinity of Large Central Galaxies......Page 101
E. The Most Famous Multiple Interacting
System, Stephan\'s Quintet......Page 105
F. NGC 450......Page 111
Appendix to Chapter 6......Page 113
7 SMALL EXCESS REDSHIFTS, THE LOCAL GROUP OF GALAXIES, AND QUANTIZATION OF REDSHIFTS......Page 116
A. The Quantization of Redshifts......Page 121
Appendix to Chapter 7......Page 123
A. Corrected Values of the Solar Motion......Page 124
B. Hydrogen Clouds in Nearby
Groups of Galaxies......Page 129
C. The Case of the Galaxy with
Superluminal Expansion, 3C 120......Page 135
D. A Last Look at the Local Group.......Page 137
Appendix to Chapter 8......Page 141
9 EJECTION FROM GALAXIES......Page 142
A. The Giant Radio Galaxy M87......Page 145
B. The Giant Radio Galaxy NGC 5128......Page 147
C. General Alignment of Galaxies
Along Lines of Radio Ejection......Page 149
D. Generations of Galaxies
in the Virgo Cluster......Page 152
E. The Quasars in Virgo......Page 153
Chains of Galaxies......Page 155
G.Systematic Redshifts of
Radio Galaxies and Spirals......Page 158
H. Ejection from Spiral Galaxies and the
Possibility of Spiral-Arm Formation......Page 160
I. The Spiral Galaxy with
Three Quasars, NGC 1073......Page 163
J. Ejection and X-Rays......Page 165
K. Comments on
Future Observations......Page 170
Appendix to Chapter 9......Page 171
10 THE SOCIOLOGY  OF THE CONTROVERSY......Page 174
Appendix to Chapter 10......Page 180
A. The Empirical Results......Page 182
B. Possible Theoretical Interpretations of Intrinsic Redshifts......Page 187
C. Quantization......Page 193
Appendix to Chapter 11......Page 194
GLOSSARY......Page 196
INDEX......Page 202