Quantum Oscillations: A simple principle underlying important aspects of physics

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
1 Basics of the Quantum Oscillation
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 State Mixing and Quantum Oscillation
		1.2.1 Transition
		1.2.2 Mass Eigenstate
		1.2.3 Quantum Oscillation
Part IElectromagnetic Interactions
2 Motion of Electron Spin in Magnetic Fields
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Spin-1/2 and Magnetic Field
	2.3 The Pauli Equation
		2.3.1 Empirical Derivation of the Pauli Equation
		2.3.2 Derivation of the Pauli Equation from the Dirac Equation
		2.3.3 Physical Meaning of the Pauli Equation
	2.4 Spin Motion in the Magnetic Field "0245B=(0,0,B); The Simplest Case
		2.4.1 Energy Eigenstate
		2.4.2 Spin Precession
	2.5 Spin Motion in Magnetic Field "0245B=(B,0,0)
		2.5.1 Energy Eigenstates
		2.5.2 Oscillation and Precession
	2.6 Spin Motion in Magnetic Field "0245B=(0,B,0)
		2.6.1 Energy Eigenstates
		2.6.2 Oscillation and Precession
	2.7 Spin Motion in an Arbitrary Magnetic Field: "0245B=(Bx,By,Bz)
		2.7.1 Energy Eigenstate
		2.7.2 Oscillation and Precession
	2.8 If Electron Mass is Included
3 Hydrogen Hyperfine Splitting and HI Line
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Spin Structure of the Hydrogen Atom
		3.2.1 Oscillation Between |"322A37E "322B37F rangle and |"322B37F "322A37E rangle States
	3.3 Hydrogen Magnetic Moment Under External Magnetic Field
	3.4 Hydrogen 21cm Line
4 Anomalous Magnetic Moment
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Helicity Conservation
		4.2.1 Anomalous Magnetic Moment
		4.2.2 Measurements
5 Positronium
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 HK: e+-e- Binding State by Electrostatic Potential
		5.2.1 HM: MM-MM Interactions
		5.2.2 HA: Pair Annihilation and Creation
		5.2.3 HM+HA: Both Effects
Part IIHiggs Field
6 Weinberg Angle
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 General Formula of Electromagnetic and Weak Interactions
		6.2.1 Correspondence to Photon and Z0
	6.3 The Origin of the Vector Boson Transitions; Higgs Field
	6.4 Chirality Dependence of the Weak Interactions
	6.5 Test of the Electroweak Theory
		6.5.1 Measurements of sin2 θW
		6.5.2 Test of the Electroweak Theory
7 Fermion Mass and Chirality Oscillation
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Chirality
	7.3 Dirac Equation as Chirality Transition Equation
	7.4 Decay Effect
8 Quark Mass, Cabibbo Angle and CKM Mixing Matrix
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Four-Quark System and Cabibbo Angle, θC
		8.2.1 Quark Flavor Oscillation
		8.2.2 Uncertainty Principle
	8.3 Six-Quark System
		8.3.1 Measurement of the CKM Matrix Elements
		8.3.2 Transition Amplitude Gαβ
		8.3.3 Quark Flavor Oscillation
Part IIIWeak Interactions
9 K0-overlineK0 Oscillation and CP Violation
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 K0-overlineK0 Oscillation and Prediction of the Charm Quark Mass
	9.3 Six-Quark System and CP Violation
		9.3.1 K0-overlineK0 Oscillation of Six-Quark System
		9.3.2 Oscillation of K0 CP Eigenstate
	9.4 Discovery of CP Violation and Measurement of α
Part IVStrong Interactions
10 Quark Structure of Mesons
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 u, d, s-Quark Masses
	10.3 π+-ρ+ Mass Difference
	10.4 Structure of ρ0,ω and φ
		10.4.1 Mixing Between |uoverlineurangle and |doverlinedrangle
		10.4.2 Mixing Between |soverlinesrangle and |uoverlineurangle, |doverlinedrangle Systems
		10.4.3 Experimental Confirmation of the Vector Meson Structure
	10.5 Structure of π0, η and η'
	10.6 Color Structure of Meson
11 Quark Structure of Baryons
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Totally Antisymmetric State
	11.3 Δ++ Baryon
		11.3.1 Δ+ Baryon
	11.4 Spin-1/2 Baryon
		11.4.1 Why Spin-1/2 (uuu) Baryon Does Not Exist?
		11.4.2 Quark Structure of Proton
		11.4.3 Λ, Σ0 and Σ0*
	11.5 Isospin
Part VUnknown Origin
12 Neutrino Oscillation: Relativistic Oscillation of Three-Flavor System
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Two-Flavor Oscillation
		12.2.1 Neutrino Transition Amplitudes
		12.2.2 Oscillation
		12.2.3 Relativistic Oscillation Probability
		12.2.4 Another Way to Derive Relativistic Neutrino Oscillation
		12.2.5 A Relation Between Transition Amplitudes and Neutrino Flavor Mass
	12.3 Three-Flavor Neutrino Oscillation
	12.4 Measurements of Oscillation Parameters
		12.4.1 θ23 and Δm232
		12.4.2 θ12 and Δm122
		12.4.3 θ13
		12.4.4 δ
		12.4.5 Summary of the Measurements
A Appendix A: Summary of Parameters and Formulas
	A.1  Physics Parameters
	A.2  Spinors
	A.3  Pauli Matrix
	A.4  Dirac Matrix
	A.5  Dirac Equation
	A.6  Two Spin Interaction
B Appendix B
	B.1  Summary of Two Body Oscillation Formula
	B.2  How to Solve the Generalized Pauli Equation
	B.3  Wave Functions That Satisfy the Pauli Equation
		B.3.1  Energy Eigenstate
		B.3.2  Oscillation
C Appendix C
	C.1  Summary of Oscillations and Mixings
Index
Index