Quantum Optics for Engineers

1 Introduction
Introduction
Brief Historical Perspective
Principles of Quantum Mechanics
The Feynman Lectures on Physics
Photon
Quantum Optics
Quantum Optics for Engineers

2 Planck’s Quantum Energy Equation
Introduction
Planck’s Equation and Wave Optics

3 Uncertainty Principle
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Wave–Particle Duality
Feynman Approximation
Interferometric Approximation
Minimum Uncertainty Principle
Generalized Uncertainty Principle
Additional Versions of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Applications of the Uncertainty Principle in Optics

4 Dirac Quantum Optics
Dirac Notation in Optics
Dirac Quantum Principles
Interference and the Interferometric Equation
Coherent and Semicoherent Interferograms
Interferometric Equation in Two and Three Dimensions
Classical and Quantum Alternatives

5 Interference, Diffraction, Refraction, and Reflection via the Dirac Notation
Introduction
Interference and Diffraction
Positive and Negative Refraction
Reflection
Succinct Description of Optics

6 Generalized Multiple-Prism Dispersion
Introduction
Generalized Multiple-Prism Dispersion
Double-Pass Generalized Multiple-Prism Dispersion
Multiple-Return-Pass Generalized Multiple-Prism Dispersion
Multiple-Prism Dispersion and Laser Pulse Compression

7 Dirac Notation Identities
Useful Identities
Linear Operations

8 Laser Excitation
Introduction
Brief Laser Overview
Laser Excitation
Excitation and Emission Dynamics
Quantum Transition Probabilities and Cross Sections

9 Laser Oscillators Described via the Dirac Notation
Introduction
Transverse and Longitudinal Modes
Laser Cavity Equation: An Intuitive Approach
Laser Cavity Equation via the Interferometric Equation

10 Interferometry via the Dirac Notation
Interference à la Dirac
Hanbury Brown–Twiss Interferometer
Two-Beam Interferometers
Multiple-Beam Interferometers
N-Slit Interferometer as a Wavelength Meter
Ramsey Interferometer

11 Secure Interferometric Communications in Free Space
Introduction
Theory
N-Slit Interferometer for Secure Free-Space Optical Communications
Interferometric Characters
Propagation in Terrestrial Free Space
Discussion

12 Schrödinger’s Equation
Introduction
Schrödinger’s Mind
Heuristic Explicit Approach to Schrödinger’s Equation
Schrödinger’s Equation via the Dirac Notation
Time-Independent Schrödinger’s Equation
Introduction to the Hydrogen Equation

13 Introduction to Feynman Path Integrals
Introduction
Classical Action
Quantum Link
Propagation through a Slit and the Uncertainty Principle
Feynman Diagrams in Optics

14 Matrix Aspects of Quantum Mechanics
Introduction
Introduction to Vector and Matrix Algebra
Quantum Operators
Pauli Matrices
Introduction to the Density Matrix

15 Classical Polarization
Introduction
Maxwell Equations
Polarization and Reflection
Jones Calculus
Polarizing Prisms
Polarization Rotators

16 Quantum Polarization
Introduction
Linear Polarization
Polarization as a Two-State System
Density Matrix Notation

17 Entangled Polarizations: Probability Amplitudes and Experimental Configurations
Introduction
Hamiltonian Approach
Interferometric Approach
Pryce–Ward–Snyder Probability Amplitude of Entanglement
Pryce–Ward–Snyder Probability
Pryce–Ward Experimental Arrangement
Wu–Shaknov Experiment
Conclusion

18 Quantum Computing
Introduction
Interferometric Computer
Classical Logic Gates
Qubits
Quantum Logic

19 Quantum Cryptography and Teleportation
Introduction
Quantum Cryptography
Quantum Teleportation

20 Quantum Measurements
Introduction
Interferometric Irreversible Measurements
Quantum Nondemolition Measurements
Soft Polarization Measurements
Soft Intersection of Interferometric Characters

21 Interpretational Issues in Quantum Mechanics
Introduction
EPR
Bohm Polarization Projection of the EPR Argument
Bell’s Inequalities
Some Prominent Quantum Physicists on Issues of Interpretation
Eisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and EPR
van Kampen’s Quantum Theorems
On Probabilities and Probability Amplitudes
Comment on the Interpretational Issue

Appendix A: Survey of Laser Emission Characteristics

Appendix B: Brief Survey of Laser Resonators and Laser Cavities

Appendix C: Ray Transfer Matrices

Appendix D: Multiple-Prism Dispersion Series

Appendix E: Complex Numbers

Appendix F: Trigonometric Identities

Appendix G: Calculus Basics

Appendix H: Poincaré’s Space

Appendix I: N-Slit Interferometric Calculations

Appendix J: N-Slit Interferometric Calculations—Numerical Approach

Appendix K: Physical Constants and Optical Quantities