Quantitative Reasoning: Tools for Today’s Informed Citizen

Front Cover......Page 1
Half Title Page 1......Page 5
Title Page......Page 7
Copyright Page......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
Annotated Contents......Page 13
Preface......Page 19
Key Features......Page 20
Technology......Page 23
WileyPLUS......Page 24
To the Student......Page 25
Student Support Materials......Page 26
To the Instructor......Page 27
Instructor Support Materials......Page 28
Acknowledgments......Page 29
Half Title Page 2......Page 31
Topic 1: Organizing Information Pictorially Using Charts and Graphs......Page 32
Activity 1.1: World Motor Vehicle Production: Bar Graphs and Pie Charts......Page 57
Additional Questions......Page 61
Summary......Page 63
Activity 1.2: Medical Data and Class Data: Graphs with Excel......Page 65
Additional Questions......Page 70
Summary......Page 71
Activity 1.3: SATs and the Super Bowl: Creating and Interpreting Histograms......Page 73
Additional Questions......Page 79
Summary......Page 80
Topic 2: Bivariate Data......Page 82
Activity 2.1: Estimating Dates: Scatterplots......Page 99
Additional Questions......Page 102
Summary......Page 104
Activity 2.2: State Governors' Salaries and Per Capita Income: More on Scatterplots......Page 105
Additional Questions......Page 108
Summary......Page 110
Topic 3: Graphs of Functions......Page 112
Activity 3.1: Temperature Patterns: Functions and Line Graphs......Page 135
Summary......Page 139
Activity 3.2: Rates of Change and Concavity......Page 141
Summary......Page 147
Topic 4: Multiple Variable Functions......Page 148
Activity 4.1: Blood Alcohol Levels and Credit Cards: Working with More Than Two Variables......Page 163
Additional Questions......Page 167
Summary......Page 168
Topic 5: Proportional, Linear, and Piecewise Linear Functions......Page 170
Activity 5.1: Rates of Change and Linear Functions......Page 189
Summary......Page 194
Topic 6: Modeling with Linear and Exponential Functions......Page 196
Activity 6.1: The Genie's Offer: Exponential Growth and Linear Growth......Page 215
Summary......Page 220
Activity 6.2: Lines of Best Fit......Page 221
Summary......Page 227
Topic 7: Logarithms and Scientific Notation......Page 228
Activity 7.1: Richter Scale and Logarithms......Page 243
Summary......Page 247
Activity 7.2: Estimations, Scientifc Notation, and Properties of Logarithms......Page 249
Summary......Page 253
Topic 8: Indexes and Ratings......Page 254
Activity 8.1: Measurement Difficulties and Indexes......Page 273
Notes......Page 278
Activity 8.2: Consumer Indexes......Page 279
Summary......Page 284
Topic 9: Personal Finances......Page 286
Activity 9.1: Mortgages......Page 307
Summary......Page 313
Topic 10: Introduction to Problem Solving......Page 314
Activity 10.1: Savings and Loans: Problem Solving and Using Scroll Bars......Page 329
Summary......Page 334
Activity 10.2: Asking and Answering a Research Question......Page 335
Summary......Page 336
Topic 11: Decision Making......Page 338
Activity 11.1: Ranking Cities: Ratings and Decisions......Page 355
Summary......Page 360
Topic 12: Inductive Reasoning......Page 362
Correlation and Causation......Page 375
Valid Data/Self-Report......Page 376
1. Health News......Page 377
2. Tanning Dangers......Page 378
3. Television Time......Page 380
4. Hypnosis and Surgery......Page 382
Summary......Page 383
Topic 13: Deductive Reasoning......Page 384
Breaking the Code......Page 405
If-then Statements......Page 408
Summary......Page 410
Activity 13.2: Compound Statements Used in Reasoning......Page 411
Summary......Page 417
Activity 13.3: Quantified Statements and Deductive Reasoning: Direct and Indirect Reasoning......Page 419
Indirect Reasoning (Modus Tollens)......Page 421
Summary......Page 422
Topic 14: Apportionment......Page 424
Activity 14.1: Methods of Apportionment: Quota Methods......Page 439
Summary......Page 444
Adams' Method......Page 445
Huntington-Hill Method......Page 447
Summary......Page 450
Topic 15: More on Problem Solving......Page 452
Activity 15.1: Making a Purchase Decision......Page 463
Summary......Page 465
Topic 16: Averages and Five-Number Summary......Page 466
Activity 16.1: Visualizing Football Scores: Measures of Center and Spread......Page 487
Summary......Page 491
Topic 17: Standard Deviation, z-Score, and Normal Distributions......Page 492
Activity 17.1: Coins, Presidents, and Justices: Normal Distributions and z-Scores......Page 515
Summary......Page 520
Topic 18: Basics of Probability......Page 522
Activity 18.1: Simulations......Page 541
Summary......Page 545
Activity 18.2: Finding Probabilities......Page 547
Summary......Page 551
Topic 19: Conditional Probability and Tables......Page 552
Activity 19.1: Diagnostic Testing and Conditional Probability......Page 573
Summary......Page 579
Topic 20: Sampling and Surveys......Page 580
Activity 20.1: Sampling and Surveys......Page 599
Summary......Page 604
Topic 21: More on Decision Making......Page 608
Activity 21.1: To Purchase a Warranty or Not: Making a Decision......Page 623
Summary......Page 626
Appendix: Excel Commands by Activity......Page 627
Index......Page 633