Quantifying Environmental Impact Assessments Using Fuzzy Logic

Cover......Page 1
SPRINGER SERIES ON
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT......Page 2
Quantifying
Environmental
Impact Assessments
Using Fuzzy Logic......Page 4
ISBN-13: 9780387243986......Page 5
Preface......Page 6
Contents......Page 12
List of Figures......Page 18
List of Tables......Page 22
1 Introduction......Page 26
1.1.1 Decision Support Systems......Page 29
1.1.2 Expert Systems......Page 31
1.1.3 Decision-Making in the EIA Process......Page 32
Part I The Traditional Approach......Page 34
2.1 Definition of EIA......Page 36
2.3 EIA Principles......Page 37
2.4 Other Guidelines......Page 40
2.5 Problem Areas......Page 41
2.6 EIA Process Overview......Page 43
3 Scoping......Page 48
4 Baseline Conditions......Page 52
4.1 What To Include......Page 53
4.2 Collecting Data......Page 54
4.3 Baseline Condition Use......Page 56
4.4 Missing or Insufficient Data......Page 57
5 Alternatives......Page 60
6 Impact Assessment......Page 64
6.1 Impact Identification......Page 65
6.2 Impact Prediction......Page 68
6.3 Impact Evaluation......Page 70
7 Writing the Impact Statement......Page 78
Part II The Modern Approach......Page 80
8.1 Tools for the New Paradigm......Page 82
8.2 Progress Toward Adoption......Page 83
9.1 Measurement and Language......Page 88
9.2 From Subjectivity to Objectivity......Page 89
9.3 Linguistic Variables......Page 90
9.4 Ranking of Preferences......Page 91
9.5 Fuzzy Sets (Type-1)......Page 93
9.6 Fuzzy Sets (Type-2)......Page 110
9.7 Fuzzy Set Operators......Page 117
9.8 IF-THEN Rules......Page 120
9.9 Defuzzification......Page 123
9.10 Fuzzy Implication......Page 124
9.11 Compatibility Index......Page 133
10.1 Inadequate Data......Page 140
10.2 Fuzzy Set Design......Page 142
10.3 Characterization......Page 146
11.1 Societal Values and Beliefs......Page 154
11.2 Fuzzy Expert System Models......Page 158
11.3 Significance, Acceptability, Sustainability......Page 174
12 Multi-Objective, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making......Page 192
Part III Application......Page 204
13.1 What This Part Includes......Page 206
13.3 Purpose......Page 207
13.4 Need......Page 209
14 Scoping......Page 212
14.1 Determining Components......Page 213
14.2 Public Participation Process......Page 215
14.3 Conflicting Values......Page 216
15.1 Vegetation and Wildlife......Page 220
15.2 Wetlands, Hydrology, and Water Quality......Page 229
15.3 Aesthetics......Page 233
15.4 Transportation......Page 234
15.5 Fuzzifying Initial Conditions......Page 238
15.6 Environmental Condition Index......Page 241
16 Project Alternatives......Page 244
16.1 The Affected Environment......Page 247
17.1 Running the Model......Page 270
17.2 Environmental Condition Indices......Page 274
17.4 Caveats......Page 276
17.5 What the Future Holds......Page 278
References......Page 280
C......Page 284
E......Page 285
F......Page 286
M......Page 287
S......Page 288
W......Page 289