Python: An Introduction to Programming

Cover
Title
Copyright
Contents
Preface
Chapter 0 Modern Computers
	0.1 Calculations by Machine
	0.2 How Computers Work and Why We M
ade Them
		0.2.1 Numbers
			Example: Base 4
			Convert Binary Numbers to Decimal
			Convert Decimal Numbers to Binary
			Arithmetic in Binary
		0.2.2	Memory
		0.2.3	Stored Programs
	0.3	Computer Systems Are Built in Layers
		0.3.1	Assemblers and Compilers
		0.3.2 Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)
			Widgets
	0.4 Computer Networks
		0.4.1 Internet
		0.4.2 World Wide Web
	0.5 Representation
	0.6 Summary
Chapter 1 Computers and Programming
	1.1 Solving a Problem Using a Computer
	1.2 Executing Python
	1.3 Guess A Number
	1.4 Rock-Paper-Scissors
	1.5 Solving the Guess a Number Problem
	1.6 Solving the Rock-Paper-Scissors Problem
		1.6.1 Variables and Values – Experimenting with the
Graphical User Interface
		1.6.2 Exchanging Information with the Computer
		1.6.3 Example 1: Draw a Circle Using Characters
		1.6.4 Strings, Integers, and Real Numbers
		1.6.5 Number Bases
		1.6.6 Example 2: Compute the Circumference of any Circle
		1.6.7 Guess a Number Again
	1.7 IF Statements
		1.7.1 Else
	1.8 Documentation
	1.9
Rock-Paper-Scissors Again
	1.10 Types Are Dynamic (Advanced)
	1.11 Summary
Chapter 2 Repetition
	2.1 The WHILE Statement
		2.1.1 The Guess-A-Number Program Yet Again
		2.1.2 Modifying the Game
	2.2 Rock-Paper-Scissors Yet Again
		2.2.1 Random Numbers
	2.3 Counting Loops
	2.4 Prime or Non-Prime
		2.4.1 Exiting from a Loop
		2.4.2 Else
	2.5 Loops That are Nested
	2.6 Draw a Histogram
	2.7 Loops in General
	2.8 Exceptions and Errors
		2.8.1 Problem: A Final Look at Guess a Number
	2.9 Summary
Chapter 3 Sequences: Strings, Tuples, and Lists
	3.1 Strings
		3.1.1 Comparing Strings
		3.1.2 Slicing – Extracting Parts of Strings
		3.1.3 Editing Strings
		3.1.4 String Methods
		3.1.5 Spanning Multiple Lines
		3.1.6 For Loops Again
	3.2 The Type Bytes
	3.3 Tuples
		3.3.1 Tuples in For Loops
		3.3.2 Membership
		3.3 Delete
		3.3.4 Update
		3.3.5 Tuple Assignment
		3.3.6 Built-In Functions for Tuples
	3.4 Lists
		3.4.1 Editing Lists
		3.4.2 Insert
		3.4.3 Append
		3.4.4 Extend
		3.4.5 Remove
		3.4.6 Index
		3.4.7 Pop
		3.4.8 Sort
		3.4.9 Reverse
		3.4.10 Count
		3.4.11 List Comprehension
		3.4.12 Lists and Tuples
		3.4.13 Exceptions
	3.5 Set Types
		3.5.1 Example: Craps
	3.6 Summary
Chapter 4 Functions
	4.1 Function Definition: Syntax and Semantics
		4.1.1	Problem: Use poundn to Draw a Histogram
		4.1.2	Problem: Generalize the Histogram Code for Other Years
	4.2 Function Execution
		4.2.1 Returning a Value
		4.2.2 Parameters
		4.2.3 Default Parameters
		4.2.4 None
		4.2.5 Example: The Game of Sticks
		4.2.6 Scope
		4.2.7 Variable Parameter Lists
		4.2.8 Variables as Functions
			Example: Find the maximum value of a function
		4.2.9 Functions as Return Values
	4.3 Recursion
		4.3.1	Avoiding Infinite Recursion
	4.4	Creating Python Modules
	4.5 Program Design Using Functions – Example: The Game of Nim
		4.5.1 The Development Process Exposed
	4.6 Summary
Chapter 5 Files: Input and Output
	5.1 What Is a File? A Little “Theory”
		5.1.1 How Are Files Stored on a Disk?
		5.1.2 File Access is Slow
	5.2 Keyboard Input
		5.2.1 Problem: Read a Number from the Keyboard 
and Divide It by 2
	5.3 Using Files in Python: Less Theory, More Practice
		5.3.1 Open a File
			File Not Found Exceptions
		5.3.2 Reading from Files
			End of File
			Common File Input Operations
			CSV Files
			The With Statement
	5.4 Writing to Files
		Example: Write a Table of Squares to a File
		5.4.1 Appending Data to a File
		Example: Append another 20 squares to the table of squares file
	5.5 Summary
Chapter 6 Classes
	6.1 A Casual Introduction to Classes
	6.2 Classes and Data Types
	6.3 Classes as Encapsulated Modules
	6.4 Classes as Data Abstractions
	6.5 The Python Class – Syntax and Semantics
		6.5.1 A Really Simple Class
		6.5.2 Encapsulation
	6.6 Classes and Data Types Again
		6.6.1 Example: A Deck of Cards
		6.6.2 A Bouncing Ball
		6.6.3 Cat-A-Pult
			Basic Design
			Detailed Design
	6.7 Subclasses and Inheritance
		6.7.1 Non-Trivial Example: Objects in a Video Game
	6.8 Duck Typing
	6.5 Summary
Chapter 7 Graphics
	7.1 Introduction to Graphics Programming
	7.2 Graphics in Python–Pygame
	7.3 Initializing Pygame
		7.3.1 Colors
	7.4 The Event LOOP
	7.5 Drawing
		Example: Create a Page of Note Paper
		Example: Creating a Color Gradient
		7.5.1 Lines and Curves
			Example: Note Paper Again
	7.6 Acrs and Curves
		7.6.1 Polygons
		7.6.2 Text
		7.6.3 Example: A Histogram
		7.6.4 Example: A Pie Chart
		7.6.5 Images
			Pixles, Again
			Example: Identifying a green car
			Example: Thresholding
			Transparency
		7.6.6 Generative Art
	7.7 Summary
Chaper 8 Manipulating Data
	8.1 Dictionaries
		8.1.1 Example: A Naive Latin – English Translation
		8.1.2 Functions for Dictionaries
		8.1.3 Dictionaries and Loops
	8.2 Arrays
	8.3 Formatted Text, Formatted I/O
		8.3.1 Example: NASA Meteorite Landing Data
	8.4	Advanced Data Files
		8.4.1 Binary Files
			Example: Create a File of Integers
		8.4.2
The Struct Module
			Example: A Video Game High Score File
		8.4.3 Random Access
			Example: Maintaining the High Score File in Order
	8.5 Standard File Types
		8.5.1 Image Files
		8.5.2 GIF
		8.5.3 JPEG
		8.5.4 TIFF
		8.5.5 PNG
		8.5.6 Sound Files
		8.5.7 WAV
		8.5.8 Other Files
		8.5.9 HTML
		8.5.10 EXE
	8.6 Summary
Chapter 9 Multimedia
	9.1 Mouse Interaction
		Example: Draw a Circle at the Mouse Cursor
		Example: Change Background Color Using the Mouse
		9.1.1 Mouse Buttons
			Example: Draw Lines Using the Mouse
			Example: A Button
	9.2 The Keyboard
		Example: Pressing a “q” Creates a Random Circle
		Example: Reading a Character String
	9.3 Animaiton
		9.3.1 Object Animation
			Example: A Ball in a Box
			Example: Many Balls in a Box
		9.3.2 Frame Animation
			Example: Read Frames and Play Them Back as 
an Animation
			Example: Simulation of the Space Shuttle Control Console (A Class That Will Draw an Animation at a 
Specific Location)
	9.4 RGBA Colors – Transparency
	9.5 Sound
		Example: Play a Sound
		Example: Control Volume Using the Keyboard
		Example: Play a Sound Effect at the Right Moment: Bounces
		Music
	9.7 Summary
Chapter 10 Basic Algorithms
	10.1 Sorting
		10.1.1 Selection Sort
		10.1.2 Merge Sort
	10.2 Searching
		10.2.1 Timings
		10.2.2 Linear Search
		10.2.3 Binary Search
	10.3 Random Number Generation
		10.3.1 Linear Congruential Method
	10.4 Cryptography
		10.4.1 One-Time Pad
		10.4.2 Public Key Encryption (RSA)
		10.4.3 Example: Encrypt the Message “Depart at Dawn” 
Using RSA
	10.5 Compression
		10.5.1 Huffman Encoding
		10.5.2 LZW Compression
	10.6 Hashing
		10.6.1 DJB2
		10.6.2 SDBM
	10.7 Summary
Chapter 11  Programming for the Sciences
	11.1 Finding Roots of Equations
	11.2 Differentiation
	11.3 Integration
	11.4 Optimization: Finding Maxima and Minima
		11.4.1 Newton Again
		11.4.2 Fitting Data to Curves – Regression
		11.4.3 Evolutionary Methods
	11.5 Longest Common Subsequence (Edit Distance)
		11.5.1	Determining Longest Common Subsequence (LCS)
		11.5.2 NumPy
		11.5.3 One Dimensional Arrays (Vectors)
		11.5.4 Two Dimensional Arrays (Matrices)
		11.5.5 Sample Problem: Finding Paths
		11.5.6 Linear Regression Again
	11.6 Summary
Chapter 12 How to Write Good Programs
	12.1 Procedural Programming – Word Processing
		12.1.1 Top-Down
		12.1.2 Centering
		12.1.3 Right Justification
		12.1.4 Other Commands
	12.2 Object Oriented Programming – Breakout
	12.3 Describing the Problem as a Process
		12.3.1	Initial Coding for a Tile
		12.3.2	Initial Coding for the Paddle
		12.3.3	Initial Coding for the Ball
		12.3.4	Collecting the Classes
		12.3.5	Developing the Paddle
		12.3.6 Ball and Tile Collisions
		12.3.7 Ball and Paddle Collisions
		12.3.8 Finishing the Game
	12.4 Rules for Programmers
	12.5 Summary
Chapter 13 Communicating with the Outside World
	13.1 EMail
		Example: Send an email
		13.1.1 Reading email
		13.1.2 Example: Display the Subject Headers for Emails in Inbox
	13.2 FTP
		13.2.1 Example: Download and Display the README File from an FTP Site
	13.3 Communication Between Processes
		13.3.1 Example: A Server That Calculates Squares
	13.4 Twitter
		Example: Connect to the Twitter Stream and Print Specific Messages
	13.5	Communicating with Other Languages
		13.5.1 Example: Find Two Large Relatively Prime Numbers
	13.6 Summary
Chaper 14 Parsing–The Structure of Data
	14.1 Grammars
	14.2 PyJ and Julia
	14.3 Language Symbols and Scanning
	14.4 Parsing a Programming Language
	14.5 WHILE Statements
	14.6 FOR Statements
	14.7 IF Statements
	14.8 Expressions
	14.9 Functions
	14.10 Examples
Chatper 15 Communicating Using Graphics: Windows, User Interfaces, and Pygame
	15.1 A Paint Program
		Interface
	15.2 Building the Mondrean Interface
	15.3 Selecting
	15.4 The Buttons
		Drawing
	15.5 Images and Surfaces
	15.6 Stacks: Undraw and Redraw
	15.7 Color Selection
	15.8 Image File Selection
Index