Pulmonary Physiology

Pulmonary Physiology 8th Edition......Page 1
Common Abbreviations......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 11
Functions of the Respiratory System......Page 12
Structure of the Respiratory System......Page 14
Suggested Readings......Page 20
Objectives......Page 21
Generation of a Pressure Difference Between Atmosphere and Alveoli......Page 22
Pressure-Volume Relationships in the Respiratory System......Page 29
Interaction of Lung and Chest Wall: The Static Pressure-Volume Curve......Page 38
Airways Resistance......Page 40
The Work of Breathing......Page 56
Key Concepts......Page 57
Clinical Problems......Page 58
Suggested Readings......Page 60
The Lung Volumes......Page 63
Measurement of the Lung Volumes......Page 66
Anatomic Dead Space and Alveolar Ventilation......Page 73
Measurement of Alveolar Ventilation......Page 74
Alveolar Ventilation and Alveolar Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Levels......Page 78
Regional Distribution of Alveolar Ventilation......Page 82
The Closing Volume......Page 86
The Effects of Aging......Page 87
Key Concepts......Page 88
Clinical Problems......Page 89
Suggested Readings......Page 92
Objectives......Page 93
The Bronchial Circulation......Page 94
The Functional Anatomy of the Pulmonary Circulation......Page 96
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance......Page 98
The Regional Distribution of Pulmonary Blood Flow: The Zones of the Lung......Page 105
Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction......Page 111
Pulmonary Edema......Page 113
Key Concepts......Page 116
Clinical Problems......Page 117
Suggested Readings......Page 118
Consequences of High and Low V/Q......Page 120
Testing for Nonuniform Distribution of Inspired Gas and Pulmonary Blood Flow......Page 122
Regional V/Q Differences and Their Consequences in the Lung......Page 130
Key Concepts......Page 133
Clinical Problems......Page 134
Suggested Readings......Page 135
Fick’s Law for Diffusion......Page 137
Limitations of Gas Transfer......Page 139
Diffusion of Oxygen......Page 141
Diffusion of Carbon Dioxide......Page 143
Measurement of Diffusing Capacity......Page 144
Interpretation of Pulmonary Function Tests......Page 146
Key Concepts......Page 147
Clinical Problems......Page 148
Suggested Readings......Page 149
Transport of Oxygen by the Blood......Page 151
Hemoglobin and the Physiologic Implications of the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve......Page 155
Influences on the Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve......Page 159
Transport of Carbon Dioxide by the Blood......Page 165
The Bohr and Haldane Effects Explained......Page 167
Clinical Problems......Page 169
Suggested Readings......Page 171
The Chemistry of Acids, Bases, and Buffers......Page 172
Buffer Systems of the Human Body......Page 174
Acidosis and Alkalosis......Page 180
Respiratory and Renal Compensatory Mechanisms......Page 184
Clinical Interpretation of Blood Gases and Acid-Base Status......Page 186
The Causes of Hypoxia......Page 188
Key Concepts......Page 191
Clinical Problems......Page 192
Suggested Readings......Page 196
Objectives......Page 198
The Generation of Spontaneous Rhythmicity......Page 199
The Medullary Respiratory Center......Page 200
The Pontine Respiratory Groups......Page 202
Reflex Mechanisms of Respiratory Control......Page 203
The Response to Carbon Dioxide......Page 207
The Response to Hydrogen Ions......Page 213
The Response to Hypoxia......Page 214
The Response to Exercise......Page 215
Clinical Problems......Page 218
Suggested Readings......Page 220
Pulmonary Defense Mechanisms......Page 222
Nonrespiratory Functions of the Pulmonary Circulation......Page 229
Metabolic Functions of the Lung......Page 230
Key Concepts......Page 232
Suggested Readings......Page 234
Exercise and the Respiratory System......Page 236
Altitude and Acclimatization......Page 242
Diving and the Respiratory System......Page 248
Sleep and the Respiratory System......Page 253
Key Concepts......Page 254
Clinical Problems......Page 255
Suggested Readings......Page 258
Clinical Problem Answers......Page 262
II. The Laws Governing the Behavior of Gases......Page 275
III. Frequently Used Equations......Page 276
V. General Suggested Readings......Page 277
Index......Page 279