Psychophysics and Experimental Phenomenology of Pattern Cognition

Cover
Front Matter
References
Copyright
Dedication
Acknowledgments
Mathematical models for an antagonistic process of excitation and inhibition
	Mach bands and a border contrast
	Békésys neural unit
	Luminance dependence of DOG
		Fujii et al.s two-dimensional lateral inhibition model
		Method
			Stimulus patterns
			Procedure
		Results and discussion
			Computer simulation
		Hamadas luminance-dependent model
		Method
			Experimental apparatus and procedure
		Results and discussion
	Simulation of a border contrast by a four-level serial processing model
		Excito-inhibitory transduction level
		Response gradient extraction level
		Edges detection level
		Information reduction level
		A border contrast for a circular light intensity
		Koffkas ring
A five-level qualitative model based on brightness illusions and decrease in brightness levels
	Contour perception and the Craik-OBrien illusion
		Method
		Results and discussion
	The Craik-O'Brien illusion by a compensation method
		Method
		Results and discussion
		The Craik-OBrien illusion and Mach bands
		Effects of blurring the edge
	The Craik-OBrien-Cornsweet illusion
		Method
		Results and discussion
	Explanation of the contour enhancement effect and the brightness illusion
A five-level qualitative model on various aspects of brightness contrast
	Simultaneous contrast of brightness
		Apparent brightness of contrast induction patterns
			The uniform field and contrast induction patterns
		Results and discussion
			Brightness of reflectance fixed areas
			Brightness of the reflectance change areas
			Paradoxical decrease in brightness levels
			Simultaneous brightness contrast
	Brightness contrast and assimilation in half-wave patterns
		Half-wave patterns
			Stimulus patterns and procedures
		Results and discussion
			Symmetry of brightness and the decrease in brightness levels
			Transition from brightness contrast to assimilation
		Antagonistic process and the decrease in brightness levels in a five-level qualitative model
	Brightness contrast induction in separation distances
		Methods
			Experimental apparatus and stimulus patterns
			Procedure
		Results and discussion
			Brightness induction
			The decrease in brightness levels
A three-level qualitative model for the Ehrenstein illusion
	The Ehrenstein illusion
		Effects of contrast polarity, distance, and direction on the Ehrenstein illusion
		Method
			Experimental apparatus and stimulus pattern
			Procedure
		Result
			The Ehrenstein illusion
		Discussion
			Effects of contrast polarity and gap diameter
			Decrease in brightness levels
		Antagonistic processes, edge detection, and blocking of lateral spread in a three-level qualitative model
Excitation and inhibition in negative time-order effect
	Examination on negative time-order effects
		Method
			Apparatus and procedure
		Results
			Relative and absolute judgments
		Discussion
			Explanations by trace sedimentation and assimilation theories
			Application of the adaptation level theory
Rotational and reflectional transformations
	Japanese family crests and group theory
	ESS and transformational structure theory
Goodness and complexity of dot patterns in a hexagonal grid
	Dependence on group order and linearity in nonfilled patterns (Experiment 1)
		Methods
			Stimulus patterns and procedures
		Results and discussion
			Goodness
			Complexity
	General method for free-viewing tasks with cards
	Group order, contrast polarity, and collinearity in filled patterns (Experiment 2)
		Methods
			Stimulus patterns
			Participants and procedures
		Results and discussion
			Goodness
			Complexity
		Dependence of goodness and complexity on group order
Cognitive judgments and group theoretical model for dot patterns in a square grid
	Goodness and complexity for open-solid 21-dot patterns (Experiment 1)
		Stimulus patterns
			Prototype patterns
			21-dot compound patterns
			Participants and procedures
		Results
			Effect of group order on goodness and complexity
			Dependence of Cn and Dn compound patterns (n=1, 2, 4) on the group order
			C2n and Dn compound patterns (n=1, 2) with the same order
			Effect of contrast polarity on goodness and complexity
		Discussion
			Effect of contrast polarity
			Group order and two-stage group-theoretic serial processing model
		Transformation model, holographic model, and two-stage group-theoretic serial processing model
	Similarity for nonfilled pattern pairs with numerosity (8-, 13-, 21-dot) and contrast polarity (Experiment 2)
		Method
			Stimulus patterns
			Participants and procedures
		Results
			Effects of numerosity, contrast polarity, and group order
			Effect of group order
			Effect of configuration
		Discussion
			Effect of numerosity
			Effect of contrast polarity
			Comparison between 9 pairs of Dn and 27 pairs of Cn
			Effect of configuration
A three-stage serial processing model based on spatial filter and group theory for cognitive judgments
	Goodness and complexity for 21-dot patterns in original and expanded conditions (Experiment 1)
		Method
			Stimulus patterns
			Procedure
		Results and discussion
			21-dot compound patterns in original and expanded conditions
			C2n and Dn compound patterns (n=1, 2) with the same order
			Grouping in 21-dot compound patterns in the expanded condition
	Goodness and complexity for 8-, 13-, and 21-dot patterns in original condition (Experiment 2)
		Stimulus pattern and procedure
		Results and discussion
			Effect of the numerosity
			Dependence on group order and a linear pattern
			C2n and Dn patterns (n=1, 2) with the same order
	Goodness and complexity for 8-, 13-, and 21-dot patterns in expanded condition (Experiment 3)
		Results
			Effect of the numerosity
			Dependence on the group order
			C2n and Dn patterns (n=1, 2) with the same order
		Comparison with Experiment 1 and Experiments 2 and 3
		Discussion
			C2n and Dn patterns (n = 1, 2) with the same order
			Dependence on a spatial filter and group order
			Effect of numerosity on goodness and complexity
			Dot number contrast in complexity
		A three-stage serial processing model of goodness and simplicity
	Goodness and complexity for 8-, 13-, and 21-dot patterns in cluster condition
		Stimulus patterns and procedures
		Results
			Dependence on group order
			C2n and Dn patterns (n=1, 2) with the same order
			Effect of the numerosity
		Discussion
			Correlation coefficient between goodness and complexity
			Specific decrease in complexity of patterns with two parallel edges
			C2n and Dn patterns (n = 1, 2) with the same order
			Effects of the numerosity on goodness and complexity
		A three-stage serial processing model for goodness and simplicity in cluster condition
			Effect of a spatial filter and the dependence on group order
	Disjointedness (the inverse of unifiedness) for 8-, 13-, and 21-dot patterns in original condition
		Stimulus patterns and procedure
		Results and discussion
			Effects of group order and numerosity
			C2n and Dn patterns (n=1, 2) with the same order
			A comparison between Gyoba et al. (1985) and Hamada et al. (2021)
		Three-stage serial processing model of symmetry cognition
	Appendix
Cognitive judgments for repetitive patterns
	Motifs
	Repetitive patterns
	Goodness and complexity (Experiment 1)
		Stimulus patterns and procedures
		Results and discussion
			Concentrated and diffused repetitive patterns
			Universal effect of glide-reflection
			Anisotropy of symmetry cognition with a 45 inclination
			Comparison of glide-reflection and 45 inclination
			Effects of linear and circular motifs on complexity and goodness
	Similarity (Experiment 2)
		Stimulus patterns and procedures
		Results and discussion
			Effect of glide-reflection
			Effect of 45 inclination
			Comparison of glide-reflection and 45 inclination
			Effect of combining glide-reflection and 45 inclination
			Effect of linear and circular motifs on similarity
			Correlation of similarity with goodness and complexity
Cognitive judgments for black-white filled patterns based on transformational group structure theory
	Goodness and complexity of one-dimensional patterns (Experiment 1)
		Stimulus patterns and procedures
		Results and discussion
			Dependence on transformational group structure
			Effect of run numbers
	Transformational group structure theory for similarity and goodness
	Similarity of one-dimensional pattern pairs (Experiment 2)
		Stimulus patterns and procedures
		Results and discussion
			Hamming's distance
			Hypothesis of order conservation
	Similarity of two-dimensional filled pattern pairs (Experiment 3)
		Similarity to two-dimensional patterns
		Method
			Stimulus patterns
			Participants and procedures
		Results and discussion
	Goodness of one-dimensional patterns (Experiment 4)
		Stimulus patterns and procedures
		Results and discussion
The Ebbinghaus illusion as a circle size contrast
	Rotation angle and distance between the circumference of large, small, and mixed circles (Experiment 1)
		Method
			Stimulus pattern
			Participants and procedures
		Results
		Discussion
			Control condition
			The Ebbinghaus illusion
	Anisotropy of the Ebbinghaus illusion (Experiment 2)
		Method
			Stimulus patterns
			Participants and procedures
		Results and discussion
The Delboeuf illusion by comparative judgments
	Examination by method of limits
	Examination by constant method
		Method
			Stimulus patterns and procedures
		Results and discussion
Concentric circle illusion and judgment-order effect by absolute judgments
	Examination by absolute judgment methods
		Method
			Stimulus pattern
		Results and discussion
			The concentric circle illusion in preceding judgment
			Expansion of concentric circles with minimum diameter difference
			Judgment order effects in subsequent judgment
			Judgment-order effect.
			Excessive overestimation in the smallest inner circle
		Future work
	Trends in research on the induction field of vision and DOG in Japan
Modality effect for random digit sequences
	Independence of visual and auditory memory in paired digits (Experiment 1)
		General method
		Control and paired conditions in Experiment 1
		Presentation and recall of the sequence of digits
		Results
			Serial position curves
			Comparison of control and paired conditions
			Correct recall (%) of the preceding and following in paired conditions
		Discussion
			Independence of visual and auditory memory
			Inhibitory effect of auditory digits on visual memory
			Comparison of performances in the center of the serial position with immediate and successive recalls
	Inhibitory effects on overlap digits in forward and backward recalls (Experiment 2)
		Experimental conditions
		Results and discussion
			Forward condition
			Backward condition
	Inhibitory effects on overlap digits in short- and long-cycle presentations (Experiment 3)
		Experimental conditions
		Results and discussion
			Short-cycle condition
			Long-cycle condition
			Comparison of short- and long-cycle conditions
			Up until serial position 8 inhibitory effects of auditory digits on visual memory and their disappearance
			Auditory dominance at the end of the series in the forward conditions
	Modality effects appearing in forward and backward recalls in interchanging conditions (Experiment 4)
		Procedures and participants
		Results and discussion
Afterword
Preface
Index
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