Psychopathy: Its Uses, Validity and Status

Acknowledgements
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Volume
	References
Part I: Diagnosing Psychopathy. Practices, Case Studies and Practical Concerns
	Chapter 2: Re-appraising Psychopathy
		2.1 Introduction
		2.2 Psychopathy and Controlling Violence: Dangerous Severe Personality Disorder
		2.3 Psychopathy and Responsibility
		2.4 PCL-R
		2.5 Understanding Psychopathy and the Mask of Sanity
		2.6 Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 3: Humanising Psychopathy, or What It Means to Be Diagnosed as a Psychopath: Stigma, Disempowerment, and Scientifically-Sanctioned Alienation
		3.1 What It Means to Be a ‘Psychopath’ I: From the Top-Down
			3.1.1 A (Very) Brief Conceptual History of Psychopathy
			3.1.2 Diagnosis and Assessment
			3.1.3 Etiology and Developmental Issues
		3.2 What It Means to Be a ‘Psychopath’ II: From the Bottom-Up
			3.2.1 Stigma
			3.2.2 Treatment: Change or Compliance?
			3.2.3 Justice
		3.3 Concluding Comment
		References
	Chapter 4: Antisocial Personality Disorders and Public Protection Orders in New Zealand
		4.1 Introduction
		4.2 The New PPO Regime and the Context of ‘Preventive Justice’
		4.3 New Zealand’s PPO Regime
		4.4 The PPO Act: Eligibility and Threshold Test
			4.4.1 Section 13(2) and the Psychopathic Individual
		4.5 Psychopathy and the Law
		4.6 The Ethics of Psychopathy and Treating the Psychopathic Individual
		4.7 Conclusion
	Chapter 5: Psychopaths – A “Tough Nut” of Forensic Psychiatry Practice in the Republic of Croatia
		5.1 Introduction
		5.2 Psychiatric Approaches
		5.3 Legal Perspective
			5.3.1 Mental Health Legislation in the Republic of Croatia
			5.3.2 Psychopaths as Perpetrators of Criminal Offences
				5.3.2.1 Criminal Code Regulations
				5.3.2.2 Psychopaths in Court Practice
		5.4 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 6: Psychopathy: Neurohype and Its Consequences
		6.1 Reporting Accuracy
		6.2 Spin
		6.3 Neurohype
		6.4 Consequences of Neurohype
		6.5 Conclusion and Recommendations
		References
Part II: The Plausibility and Validity of Psychopathy
	Chapter 7: In Fieri Kinds: The Case of Psychopathy
		7.1 Introduction
		7.2 Natural Kinds in Psychiatry
			7.2.1 There Are No Natural Kinds in Psychiatry
			7.2.2 Natural Kinds in Psychiatry: Cluster Kinds, Promiscuous Kinds or Grounded Functionality of Kinds?
		7.3 Psychopathy as a Psychiatric Kind
		7.4 Chapter Summaries
		References
	Chapter 8: Psychopathy and the Issue of Existence
		8.1 Psychopathy and the Issue of Existence
		8.2 The Conceptual and Empirical Facets of Science
		8.3 The Distorting Influence of GCV
		8.4 Questions I and II Brought into Alignment with Science
		8.5 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 9: Assessment of Psychopathy: Addressing Myths, Misconceptions, and Fallacies
		9.1 Prologue: Constructs and Measurement
		9.2 Part 1: General Issues in Psychopathy Assessment
			9.2.1 Are Certain Measures “Gold Standards” for Assessing Psychopathy?
			9.2.2 Are Psychopathy Subdimensions Isomorphic Across Measures?
			9.2.3 Is Antisocial Personality Disorder an Adequate Operationalization of Psychopathy?
			9.2.4 Is Boldness Irrelevant to Psychopathy?
			9.2.5 Is It Scientifically Acceptable to Rely Exclusively on Psychopathy Total Scores?
			9.2.6 Is it Scientifically Acceptable to Rely on Psychopathy Cut-Off Scores?
			9.2.7 Are the PCL-R and Allied Measures Unparalleled Predictors of Violence?
		9.3 Part 2: Assessment Methods
			9.3.1 Are Self-Report Measures Inherently Problematic for Psychopathy Assessment?
			9.3.2 Should Informant Reports Be Ignored in Adult Psychopathy Assessment?
			9.3.3 Are Brief Measures Appropriate for the Assessment of Psychopathy?
			9.3.4 Is It Acceptable to Rely on Embedded Psychopathy Scales and Indices in Clinical Practice?
		9.4 Summary and Conclusions
		References
	Chapter 10: Psychopathy as a Scientific Kind: On Usefulness and Underpinnings
		10.1 Introduction
		10.2 The Philosophy of Kinds and Classification
		10.3 Is Psychopathy a Natural Kind?
		10.4 Psychopathy as a Behavioral Variant Rather Than a Kind
		10.5 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 11: Psychopathy, Maladaptive Learning and Risk Taking
		11.1 Introduction
		11.2 Theoretical Frameworks
			11.2.1 Two-Factor Learning Theory
			11.2.2 The Low-Fear Hypothesis
			11.2.3 Response Modulation Hypothesis
			11.2.4 Integrated Emotion Systems Model
		11.3 Experimental Paradigms and Empirical Results
			11.3.1 Aversive Conditioning
				11.3.1.1 Summary: Aversive Conditioning in Psychopathic Offenders
			11.3.2 Instrumental Learning Paradigms
				11.3.2.1 Passive Avoidance Learning
				11.3.2.2 Reversal Learning
				11.3.2.3 Summary: Instrumental Learning Abnormalities in Psychopathy
			11.3.3 Risk-Taking Studies
				11.3.3.1 Summary: Risk-Taking Behaviour in Psychopathy
		11.4 Considering Ecological Validity: Daily Life and Subjectivity of Reward Value
		References
Part III: Psychopathy and Values
	Chapter 12: The Value-Ladenness of Psychopathy
		12.1 Introduction
		12.2 Facts, Values, and Value-Ladenness
		12.3 The Role of Values in the Construct of Psychopathy
		12.4 Cultural Discourse and the Regulative Role of Psychopathy
		12.5 The Values-Ladeness of the Notion of Mental Disorder
		12.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 13: Unsexed Cruelty: Gender and Psychopathy as Regulatory Discourses in Relation to Violent Women
		13.1 Introduction
		13.2 Culture and Discourses
		13.3 Gender as Regulatory Discourse: Normal and Abnormal Women
		13.4 Psychopathy as a Kind of Regulatory Discourse: Normal and Abnormal Cruelty
		13.5 Cruel and Unusual: Violent Female Offenders
		13.6 Conclusion
		References
	Chapter 14: Reasons to Expect Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) to Vary Across Cultures
		14.1 Classification and Prediction
		14.2 Clarifying Concepts – What Is ASPD or Psychopathy?
		14.3 First Philosophical Argument for Cultural Variation: The Meaning of Actions Varies with Cultural Setting
		14.4 Second Philosophical Argument for Cultural Variation: Looping and Psychiatric Diagnosis
		14.5 Philosophy Meets the Empirical Literature
		14.6 Summary
		References
	Chapter 15: Psychopathy and Personal Identity: Implications for Medicalization
		15.1 Psychopathy, Personal Identity, and Medicalization
		15.2 Three Key Concepts
		15.3 Treating a Patient and Thereby Transforming a Person
		15.4 The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
		15.5 If You Become a Psychopath, Do You Die?
		15.6 Turning the Tables on Starmans and Bloom
		15.7 Taking Transformation Seriously Means Taking it Literally
		15.8 Fake Persons: The “No Person” Theory of Psychopathy
		15.9 Psychopathy Medicalized? Not So Fast
		15.10 Shifting Conceptions of Personal Identity
		References
	Chapter 16: The Disorder Status of Psychopathy
		16.1 Introduction
		16.2 The Unity of Psychopathy
		16.3 Harm as a Necessary Condition for Disorder
		16.4 Situating the Problem
		16.5 Clinically Significant Harmful Incapacities
		16.6 A Philosophical Justification
		16.7 Conclusion
		References