Psychoneuroendocrinology Research Trends

PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY RESEARCH TRENDS......Page 3
NOTICE TO THE READER......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 7
PREFACE......Page 9
ABSTRACT......Page 19
FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR THE DISTINCTION OF DEPRESSION SUBTYPES......Page 21
ABSTRACT......Page 25
INTRODUCTION......Page 26
Menstrual Cyclic Changes in Cognition and Emotion......Page 28
Sex Differences in Brain Morphology......Page 30
Sex Differences in Functional Organization of the Brain......Page 31
Brain Functional Organization as Intrinsic Individual Characteristic......Page 34
Sex Steroid Receptors in the Brain......Page 35
Organizational Actions of Sex Steroids on the Brain......Page 37
Hemispheric Asymmetry......Page 40
Hippocampal/Cortical Arousal......Page 41
Inter-Parietal Functional Coupling......Page 42
Organizational Actions of Sex Steroids on Electric Field Potentials......Page 43
Activational Actions of Sex Steroids on Electric Field Potentials......Page 48
DIMORPHIC EFFECT OF BENZODIAZEPINEON BRAIN FUNCTION......Page 53
Dimorphic Effect of BZ on Electric Field Potentials......Page 54
Organizational Actions of Sex Steroids on BZ Effects on Electric Field Potentials......Page 56
Activational Actions of Sex Steroids on BZ Effects on Electric Field Potentials......Page 57
SEXUAL DIMORPHIC EFFECT OF BENZODIAZEPINES ON THE HUMAN BEING......Page 60
CONCLUSION......Page 64
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 65
REFERENCES......Page 66
SECTION I. INTRODUCTION......Page 91
I.1. Sexual Behaviors can be Separated into Motivation and Performance Behaviors......Page 93
II.1. Fetal Testosterone Organizes Male Brain Circuitry......Page 94
II.2. Estradiol is a Metabolite of Testosterone......Page 95
II.3. Androgen Receptors are Found in Structures Both Related and Unrelated to Reproduction......Page 102
II.4. Steroids act through Genomic AND Non-genomic Mechanisms......Page 105
II.5. The Brain Synthesizes its own Steroids......Page 108
III.1. Testosterone in Circulation shows wide between and within Individual Differences......Page 109
III.2. Acute and Chronic Changes in TS Induce Behavioral Changes......Page 112
CONCLUSION......Page 119
REFERENCES......Page 120
INTRODUCTION......Page 135
WHAT IS SALIVARY ALPHA-AMYLASE......Page 137
PHARMACOLOGICALLY INDUCED ALPHA-AMYLASE SECRETION......Page 138
PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS INDUCEDALPHA-AMYLASE SECRETION......Page 140
Early Findings......Page 141
Is Salivary Alpha-Amylase an Indicator for Plasma Catecholamines?......Page 142
Salivary Alpha-Amylase is Sensitive to Psychological Stress......Page 143
Collection and Preparation of Samples......Page 145
Circadian Fluctuations of Alpha-Amylase......Page 147
Sex Differences in Alpha-Amylase Activity......Page 149
Influence of Smoking......Page 150
Brushing Teeth......Page 151
Effects of Exercise on Salivary Alpha-Amylase......Page 152
APPLICATIONS OF SALIVARY ALPHA-AMYLASE MEASUREMENT......Page 153
Salivary Alpha-Amylase as a Diagnostic Parameter......Page 154
CONCLUSION......Page 156
REFERENCES......Page 157
ABSTRACT......Page 167
LIFE COURSE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN BORDERLINE PERSONALITY......Page 168
ESTROGEN AND SEROTONIN......Page 169
GENDER, BPD AND CHALLENGE STUDIES OF SEROTONIN FUNCTION......Page 170
PROPOSED LINK BETWEEN ESTROGEN, SEROTONIN AND BORDERLINE PERSONALITY......Page 171
TESTS OF THE MODEL......Page 173
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 176
REFERENCES......Page 177
ABSTRACT......Page 179
Who Uses MA?......Page 180
Physical and Mental Health Adverse Effects of MA Use......Page 181
II. QUALITY OF LIFE......Page 182
IV. COGNITIVE FUNCTION......Page 183
Long-Lasting Effects of MA on Brain Structure and Function among Abstinent Users......Page 184
Interactions between MA and HIV on Brain Structure and Function......Page 185
Does Estrogen Offer Neuroprotection Against MA and HIV?......Page 186
REFERENCES......Page 187
ABSTRACT......Page 191
Neuropeptide Y (NPY)......Page 192
Aguti-Related Peptide (AGRP)......Page 193
Opioid Peptides (OP)......Page 194
Galanin (GA)......Page 195
α-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (α-MSH)......Page 196
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)......Page 197
Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)......Page 198
Somatostatin (SRIF)......Page 199
Oxytocin (OX)......Page 200
Ghrelin......Page 201
Leptin......Page 202
Cholecystokinin (CCK)......Page 205
Peptide YY (PYY)......Page 206
Bombesin (BN)......Page 207
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP)......Page 208
Resistin......Page 209
Adiponectin (AD)......Page 210
Orexigenic Peptides......Page 211
Anorexigenic Peptides......Page 212
CONCLUSIONS......Page 213
REFERENCES......Page 214
ABSTRACT......Page 231
OVERVIEW......Page 232
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND DISEASE INITIATION......Page 236
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND DISEASE PROGRESSION/SURVIVAL......Page 239
PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS AND SURVIVAL......Page 241
PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS AND IMMUNE AND ENDOCRINE OUTCOMES......Page 243
HPA Axis......Page 254
SNS Factors......Page 255
Hormonal Factors......Page 256
Immune Factors......Page 259
Growth Factors and Angiogenesis......Page 260
Timing of Interventions......Page 261
Type and Stage of Cancer......Page 262
Health Behaviours......Page 263
REFERENCES......Page 265
ABSTRACT......Page 277
Environmental Programming and Critical Periods......Page 278
Introduction to Stress Responding......Page 280
Adolescence as a Critical Period for Stress Response Programming......Page 281
Role of Dopamine in Execution of Cognitive Tasks Mediated by the Prefrontal Cortex......Page 282
Prefrontal Cortex Dopaminergic Modulation of Stress Responding......Page 286
Dopamine Signaling and Developmental Alterations of Prefrontal Cortex Across the Adolescent Period......Page 287
Using an Ecologically Relevant Approach to Examine Developmental Programming During Adolescence......Page 288
Specific Objective and Background......Page 289
Methods......Page 290
Results......Page 291
Summary......Page 293
Specific Objective and Background......Page 296
Methods......Page 297
Summary......Page 298
Methods......Page 300
Results......Page 301
Summary......Page 302
REFERENCES......Page 303
ABSTRACT......Page 311
INTRODUCTION......Page 312
TRADITIONAL EARLY-EXPERIENCE EFFECTS......Page 313
IMMUNOLOGICAL ACTIVATION AS EARLY EXPERIENCE......Page 314
MATERNAL SEPARATION AND BEHAVIORAL “DESPAIR” IN MONKEYS......Page 317
THE GUINEA PIG MODEL......Page 318
INFLUENCES OF CRF ON BEHAVIOR DURING SEPARATION......Page 319
THE ACUTE PHASE RESPONSE......Page 321
STRESS-INDUCED SICKNESS BEHAVIORS DURING SEPARATION......Page 322
REFERENCES......Page 330
ABSTRACT......Page 339
INTRODUCTION......Page 340
ROLE OF THYROID HORMONES IN MATURE NERVOUS SYSTEM......Page 341
THYROID HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR......Page 342
THYROID HORMONES AND THE BRAIN SEROTONIN SYSTEM......Page 348
THYROID HORMONES, 5-HT2A SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AND BEHAVIOR: ROLE OF GENTYPE......Page 351
CONCLUSION......Page 352
REFERENCES......Page 353
ABSTRACT......Page 361
INTRODUCTION......Page 362
Procedures......Page 364
Testosterone and Corticosterone in Feces......Page 365
Social Investigation Test......Page 366
Agonistic Behavior in Intra-strain Pair-wise Tests......Page 367
Agonistic Behavior in Inter-strain Pair-wise Tests......Page 369
Fecal Corticosterone and Testosterone......Page 370
DISCUSSION......Page 371
REFERENCES......Page 373
INTRODUCTION......Page 379
MODE OF ACTION OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS......Page 381
GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTORS AND MITOCHONDRIA......Page 384
MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IN BIPOLAR DISORDER......Page 385
a) Clinical Studies......Page 387
b) Animal Studies and Cell Culture Studies in vitro......Page 390
REFERENCES......Page 391
ABSTRACT......Page 399
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 400
2. EMOTIONAL REACTIVITY AND COPING STYLE......Page 402
3. COPING STYLES AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ILLNESS......Page 404
4. CHARACTERISTICS OF COPING STYLES IN RESPONSE TO STRESS IN SUBORDINATE SUBJECTS AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO ILLNESS......Page 406
5.1. Procedure......Page 409
5.2. Results......Page 410
6. CONCLUSION......Page 417
REFERENCES......Page 418
INTRODUCTION......Page 429
Testosterone......Page 430
Androstenedione......Page 431
Suprarenal Glands......Page 432
Gonads......Page 433
ACTION MECHANISMS OF ANDROGENS......Page 434
Sexual Differentiation......Page 435
Effects of Organization and Activation......Page 437
RELATION OF ANDROGENS TO PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESSES......Page 438
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANDROGENS AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR......Page 441
CONCLUSION......Page 444
REFERENCES......Page 445
ABSTRACT......Page 451
Stress and the Stress Response......Page 452
Salivary Cortisol and the Awakening Cortisol Response (ACR)......Page 453
HPA Axis and Psychotherapy......Page 455
METHODS......Page 456
2. Subjects Suffering from a Depressive Episode exhibit a lower ACR inComparison to a Group of Mixed Diagnoses other than Depression......Page 457
3. During inpatient Psychotherapy, the ACR increases Significantly......Page 459
CONCLUSION......Page 461
REFERENCES......Page 463
ABSTRACT......Page 469
BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER: PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL FEATURES......Page 470
HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL(HPA) AXIS, NEGATIVE FEEDBACK REGULATION, AND MENTAL DISORDERS......Page 471
THE HPA AXIS FEEDBACK REGULATION IN BPD......Page 472
REFERENCES......Page 475
ABSTRACT......Page 481
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 482
2. LIFE STRESS IN FUNCTIONAL SOMATIC DISORDERS......Page 483
3.1. Physiology and Assessment of the ANS......Page 484
3.2. The ANS in Functional Somatic Disorders......Page 486
4.1. Physiology and Assessment of the HPA-axis......Page 490
4.2. The HPA-Axis in Functional Somatic Disorders......Page 491
5.1. Variability in Assessment of Parameters......Page 497
5.2. Psychiatric Comorbidity......Page 498
5.3. Medication Use......Page 499
5.5. Other Sample Characteristics......Page 500
6. CONCLUSION......Page 501
7. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH......Page 502
REFERENCES......Page 504
INDEX......Page 515