Psychology in Everyday Life-Worth Publishers (2019) 5th

About this Book
	Cover Page
	Application Questions
	Title Page
	Copyright Page
	Dedication
	About the Authors
	Brief Contents
	Contents
	Instructor Preface
	Student Success: How to Apply Psychology to Live Your Best Life
Chapter 1 Psychology’s Roots, Critical Thinking, and Self-Improvement Tools
	Psychology Is a Science
		Critical Thinking and the Scientific Attitude
		Thinking Critically About: The Scientific Attitude
		Psychological Science’s Birth and Development
		Today’s Psychology
	The Need for Psychological Science
		The Limits of Common Sense
		Psychological Science in a Post-Truth World
	How Do Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions?
		The Scientific Method
		Description
		Correlation
		Thinking Critically About: Correlation and Causation
		Experimentation
		Choosing a Research Design
		Predicting Everyday Behavior
	Psychology’s Research Ethics
		Studying and Protecting Animals
		Studying and Protecting humans
		Values in Psychology
	Use Psychology to Improve Your Life and Become a Better Student
	Chapter 1 Review
		Learning Objectives
		Terms and Concepts to Remember
		Chapter Test
Chapter 2 The Biology of Behavior and Consciousness
	The Power of Plasticity
	Neural Communication
		A Neuron’s Structure
		How Neurons Communicate
		How Neurotransmitters Influence Us
	The Nervous System
		The Peripheral Nervous System
		The Central Nervous System
	The Endocrine System
	The Brain
		Tools of Discovery – Having Our Head Examined
		Older Brain Structures
		The Limbic System
		The Cerebral Cortex
		Thinking Critically About: Using Only 10 Percent of Our Brain
		Responses to Damage
		The Divided Brain
	Brain States and Consciousness
		Selective Attention
		Sleep and Dreams
	Chapter 2 Review
		Learning Objectives
		Terms and Concepts to Remember
		Chapter Test
Chapter 3 Developing Through the Life Span
	Developmental Psychology’s Major Issues
		Nature and Nurture
		Continuity and Stages
		Stability and Change
	Prenatal Development and the Newborn
		Conception
		Prenatal Development
		The Competent Newborn
		Twin and Adoption Studies
	Infancy and Childhood
		Physical Development
		Cognitive Development
		Social Development
		Thinking Critically About: Parenting Styles—Too Hard, Too Soft, Too Uncaring, and Just Right?
	Adolescence
		Physical Development
		Cognitive Development
		Social Development
		Emerging Adulthood
	Adulthood
		Physical Development
		Cognitive Development
		Social Development
	Chapter 3 Review
		Learning Objectives
		Terms and Concepts to Remember
		Chapter Test
Chapter 4 Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
	Gender Development
		How are Males and Females Alike? How Do They Differ?
		Thinking Critically About: Gender Bias in the Workplace
		The Nature of Gender
		The Nurture of Gender
		Thinking Critically About: Sexual Aggression
	Human Sexuality
		The Physiology of Sex
		The Psychology of Sex
	Sexual Orientation
		Cultural Attitudes and Prevalence
		Why Do We Differ?
	An Evolutionary Explanation of Human Sexuality
		Male-Female Differences in Sexuality
		Natural Selection and Mating Preferences
		Critiquing the Evolutionary Perspective
	Sex and Human Relationships
	Reflections on the Nature and Nurture of Sex, Gender, and Sexuality
	Chapter 4 Review
		Learning Objectives
		Terms and Concepts to Remember
		Chapter Test
Chapter 5 Sensation and Perception
	Basic Concepts of Sensation and Perception
		From Outer Energy to Inner Brain Activity
		Thresholds
		Thinking Critically About: Subliminal Sensation and Subliminal Persuasion
		Sensory Adaptation
		Perceptual Set
		Context, Motivation, and Emotion
	Vision: Sensory and Perceptual Processing
		Light Energy and Eye Structures
		Information Processing in the Eye and Brain
		Perceptual Organization
		Perceptual Interpretation
	The Other Senses
		Hearing
		Touch
		Taste
		Smell
		Body Position and Movement
	Sensory Interaction
	ESP – Perception Without Sensation?
	Chapter 5 Review
		Learning Objectives
		Terms and Concepts to Remember
		Chapter Test
Chapter 6 Learning
	How Do We Learn?
	Classical Conditioning
		Pavlov’s Experiments
		Pavlov’s Legacy
	Operant Conditioning
		Skinner’s Experiments
		Skinner’s Legacy
		Contrasting Classical and Operant Conditioning
	Biology, Cognition, and Learning
		Biological Limits on Conditioning
		Cognitive Influences on Conditioning
	Learning by Observation
		Mirrors and Imitation in the Brain
		Observational Learning in Everyday Life
		Thinking Critically About: The Effects of Viewing Media Violence
	Chapter 6 Review
		Learning Objectives
		Terms and Concepts to Remember
		Chapter Test
Chapter 7 Memory
	Studying Memory
		An Information-Processing Model
	Building Memories: Encoding
		Our Two-Track Memory System
		Automatic Processing and Implicit Memories
		Effortful Processing and Explicit Memories
	Memory Storage
		Retaining Information in the Brain
		Synaptic Changes
	Retrieval: Getting Information Out
		Measuring Retention
		Retrieval Cues
	Forgetting
		Forgetting and the Two-Track Mind
		Encoding Failure
		Storage Decay
		Retrieval Failure
	Memory Construction Errors
		Misinformation and Imagination Effects
		Source Amnesia
		Recognizing False Memories
		Thinking Critically About: Can Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse Be Repressed and Then Recovered?
		Children’s Eyewitness Recall
	Improving Memory
	Chapter 7 Review
		Learning Objectives
		Terms and Concepts to Remember
		Chapter Test
Chapter 8 Thinking, Language, and Intelligence
	Thinking
		Concepts
		Solving Problems
		Making Good (and Bad) Decisions and Judgments
		Thinking Critically About: The Fear Factor
		Thinking Creatively
		Do Other Species Share Our Cognitive Skills?
	Language
		Language Acquisition and Development
		The Brain and Language
		Thinking Without Language
		Do Other Species Have Language?
	Intelligence
		What Is Intelligence?
		Assessing Intelligence
		The Nature and Nurture of Intelligence
		Intelligence Across the Life Span
		Group Differences in Intelligence Test Scores
	Chapter 8 Review
		Learning Objectives
		Terms and Concepts to Remember
		Chapter Test
Chapter 9 Motivation and Emotion
	Motivational Concepts
		Drives and Incentives
		Arousal Theory
		A Hierarchy of Needs
	Hunger
		The Physiology of Hunger
		The Psychology of Hunger
		Thinking Critically About: The Challenges of Obesity and Weight Control
	The Need to Belong
		The Benefits of Belonging
		The Pain of Being Shut Out
		Connecting and Social Networking
	Achievement Motivation
		Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation
		How Can We Motivate Personal Success?
	Emotion: Arousal, Behavior, and Cognition
		James-Lange Theory: Arousal Comes Before Emotion
		Cannon-Bard Theory: Arousal and Emotion Happen at the Same Time
		Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory: Arousal + Label = Emotion
		Zajonc, LeDoux, and Lazarus: Emotion and the Two-Track Brain
	Embodied Emotion
		The Basic Emotions
		Emotions and the Autonomic Nervous System
		The Physiology of Emotions
		Thinking Critically About: Lie Detection
	Expressed and Experienced Emotion
		Detecting Emotion in Others
		Culture and Emotion
		The Effects of Facial Expressions
	Chapter 9 Review
		Learning Objectives
		Terms and Concepts to Remember
		Chapter Test
Chapter 10 Stress, Health, and Human Flourishing
	Stress: Some Basic Concepts
		Stressors – Things That Push Our Buttons
		Stress Reactions – From Alarm to Exhaustion
	Stress Effects and Health
		Stress and Cancer
		Stress and Heart Disease
		Thinking Critically About: Stress and Health
	Coping With Stress
		Personal Control, Health, and Well-Being
		Is the Glass Half Full or Half Empty?
		Social Support
		Finding Meaning
	Managing Stress Effects
		Aerobic Exercise
		Relaxation and Meditation
		Faith Communities and Health
	Happiness
		The Short Life of Emotional Ups and Downs
		Can Money Buy Happiness?
		Predictors of Happiness
	Chapter 10 Review
		Learning Objectives
		Terms and Concepts to Remember
		Chapter Test
Chapter 11 Social Psychology
	What Is Social Psychology’s Focus?
	Social Thinking
		The Fundamental Attribution Error
		Attitudes and Actions
		Persuasion
		Thinking Critically About: How to Be Persuasive
	Social Influence
		Conformity and Obedience
		Group Influence
		Thinking Critically About: The Internet as Social Amplifier
	Social Relations
		Prejudice
		Aggression
		Attraction
		Altruism
		From Conflict to Peace
	Chapter 11 Review
		Learning Objectives
		Terms and Concepts to Remember
		Chapter Test
Chapter 12 Personality
	What Is Personality?
	Psychodynamic Theories
		Freud’s Psychoanalytic Perspective: Exploring the Unconscious
		The Neo-Freudian and Later Psychodynamic Theorists
		Assessing Unconscious Processes
		Evaluating Freud’s Psychoanalytic Perspective and Modern Views of the Unconscious
	Humanistic Theories
		Abraham Maslow’s Self-Actualizing Person
		Carl Rogers’ Person-Centered Perspective
		Assessing the Self
		Evaluating Humanistic Theories
	Trait Theories
		Exploring Traits
		Thinking Critically About: The Stigma of Introversion
		Assessing Traits
		The Big Five Factors
		Evaluating Trait Theories
	Social-Cognitive Theories
		Reciprocal Influences
		Assessing Behavior in Situations
		Evaluating Social-Cognitive Theories
	Exploring the Self
		The Benefits of Self-Esteem
		Self-Serving Bias
		Culture and the Self
	Chapter 12 Review
		Learning Objectives
		Terms and Concepts to Remember
		Chapter Test
Chapter 13 Psychological Disorders
	What Is a Psychological Disorder?
		Defining Psychological Disorders
		Thinking Critically About: ADHD—Normal High Energy or Disordered Behavior?
		Understanding Psychological Disorders
		Classifying Disorders–and Labeling People
	Anxiety Disorders, OCD, and PTSD
		Anxiety Disorders
		Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
		Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
		Understanding Anxiety Disorders, OCD, and PTSD
	Substance Use Disorders
		Tolerance and Addiction
		Thinking Critically About: Tolerance and Addiction
		Types of Psychoactive Drugs
		Understanding Substance Use Disorders
	Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder
		Major Depressive Disorder
		Bipolar Disorder
		Understanding Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder
	Schizophrenia
		Symptoms of Schizophrenia
		Onset and Development of Schizophrenia
		Understanding Schizophrenia
	Other Disorders
		Eating Disorders
		Dissociative Disorders
		Personality Disorders
	Risk of Harm to Self and Others
		Understanding Suicide
		Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
		Does Disorder Equal Danger?
	Chapter 13 Review
		Learning Objectives
		Terms and Concepts to Remember
		Chapter Test
Chapter 14 Therapy
	Treating Psychological Disorders
	The Psychological Therapies
		Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Therapies
		Humanistic Therapies
		Behavior Therapies
		Cognitive Therapies
		Group and Family Therapies
	Evaluating Psychotherapies
		Is Psychotherapy Effective?
		Which Psychotherapies Work Best?
		How Do Psychotherapies Help People?
		How Does Our Diversity Influence Psychotherapy?
		Finding a Mental Health Professional
	The Biomedical Therapies
		Thinking Critically About: Therapeutic Lifestyle Change
		Drug Therapies
		Brain Stimulation
		Psychosurgery
	Preventing Psychological Disorders and Building Resilience
		Preventive Mental Health
		Building Resilience
	Chapter 14 Review
		Learning Objectives
		Terms and Concepts to Remember
		Chapter Test
Appendix A Statistical Reasoning in Everyday Life
	Describing Data
		Measures of Central Tendency
		Measures of Variation
		Correlation: A Measure of Relationships
	Significant Differences
		When is an Observed Difference Reliable?
		Thinking Critically About: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies
		When is an Observed Difference Significant?
	Appendix A Review
		Learning Objectives
		Terms and Concepts to Remember
		Appendix A Test
Appendix B Psychology at Work
	Work and Life Satisfaction
		Flow at Work
		Finding Your Own Flow, and Matching Interests to Work
	Industrial-Organizational Psychology
	Organizational Psychology
		Satisfaction and Engagement at Work
		Effective Leadership
	Appendix B Review
		Learning Objectives
		Terms and Concepts to Remember
		Appendix B Test
Appendix C Career Fields in Psychology
Appendix D Complete Chapter Reviews
Appendix E Answers to the Retrieve & Remember and Chapter Test Questions
Appendix F The Story of Psychology: A Timeline
Notes
Glossary
Glosario
References
Name Index
Subject Index
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
Chapter 2: Renegade perception
Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
Chapter 7: War on your mind
Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
Chapter 10: Human 2.0
Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
Postscript
Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
Bibliography
Index