Psychology, Development and Social Policy in India

Preface......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
Abbreviations......Page 10
Figures......Page 12
Tables......Page 13
Contributors......Page 14
 1 Introduction......Page 17
  1.1 Policy and its Relationship with Psychology......Page 19
 2 Why Psychologists Have No Voice in Policy Making......Page 22
  2.1 The Emerging Role of Psychologists in Policy Making......Page 24
  3.1 Indigenous Models......Page 25
  3.2 Repositioning Human Development......Page 28
  3.3 Embeddedness......Page 31
 4 Psychologists’ Role in Policy Making......Page 32
 5 Promises to Keep......Page 35
 6 The Present Volume......Page 39
 References......Page 42
 1 Introduction......Page 46
 2 Social Context of Social Research......Page 47
 3 Policy Research Process......Page 48
 4 Developmental and Evaluation Research......Page 49
 5 A Typology of Policy Research......Page 50
  6.2 Limited Variables......Page 51
 7 Practice of Policy Research......Page 52
 References......Page 53
3 Psychology and National Development......Page 55
 1 Changing Views of Development......Page 56
 2 Development and Social Behaviour......Page 58
 3 Sensitivity to Power Inequalities......Page 59
  3.1 Direct Intervention in National Development......Page 60
 4 National Development and Psychology......Page 61
  5.1 Actions Performed and Acts Accomplished......Page 62
  5.3 Change and Resistance to Change......Page 63
 6 Personal Meanings in Relation to Social Change: Reversal Theory......Page 66
 References......Page 69
  2.1 Economic Approach......Page 72
  2.3 Poverty Syndrome......Page 73
  2.5 Relative Deprivation......Page 74
  2.6 Economic Disparity......Page 75
 4 Human Development Index......Page 76
 5 Human Development Index Adjusted for Inequality......Page 77
 6 Human Happiness......Page 79
 7 Happy Planet Index......Page 80
 8 Psycho-Social Approach......Page 81
  8.2 Western Values......Page 82
  8.3 Agentic Capabilities......Page 83
  8.5 Spirituality and Materialism......Page 84
   9.1.1 Change Agents......Page 86
   9.1.2 Design for Development......Page 87
  10.1 Institutional Frame......Page 88
 11 Conclusions......Page 90
 References......Page 91
 1 Introduction......Page 94
 2 Meaning and Concept of Development......Page 95
  2.1 Cultural Ways of Understanding Development......Page 97
  2.2 Education, Development and Happiness......Page 98
 3 The Mawana Study......Page 100
  3.1 Relationship of Educational Development and Development Indicators......Page 102
 4 Conclusions......Page 111
 References......Page 113
 1 Introduction......Page 115
  2.2 Hierarchical Multilingualism and the Vicious Circle of Language Disadvantage......Page 118
 3 Double Divide in Indian Multilingualism......Page 120
  3.1 Education and Language Policy......Page 121
   3.1.1 National Curriculum Framework 2005 and the Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009......Page 123
 4 The Language Barrier in Education and Capability Deprivation of Tribal Children......Page 125
 5 Experiments in Multilingual Education of Tribal Children: Regional Responses to National Policy......Page 127
  5.1 MLE in Andhra Pradesh and Odisha......Page 128
  5.2 The MLE Plus Programme in Odisha: A Cultural–Psychological Approach to MLE......Page 130
  5.3 Significant Learnings from MLE Initiatives in India......Page 132
 6 Conclusion......Page 136
 References......Page 138
 1 Introduction......Page 142
 2 Epidemiological Data on Learning Disability......Page 143
  2.1 Characteristics of Learning Disabilities......Page 144
 4 Teachers’ Perception of Classroom Behaviour of Children with LD......Page 145
 5 Issues and Concerns Related to Screening and Diagnostic Procedures......Page 146
  6.1 Inclusive Education......Page 148
  6.2 Remediation Programmes......Page 149
 7 Learning Disabilities in Indian Context......Page 150
 8 Issues Related to Biliteracy and Diagnostic Procedures for Children with Reading Disability......Page 151
 9 Research on Educational Neuroscience and Its Implications for Policy Making......Page 154
 10 Conclusion......Page 155
 References......Page 156
 1 Introduction......Page 159
 2 Social Policy......Page 160
 3 Clinical Psychology and Social Policy......Page 161
  3.2 Knowledge Dissemination and Utilization......Page 162
  3.3 Policy-Relevant Science......Page 163
  4.1 Mental Health Act (1987)......Page 164
 5 Prevalence of Mental Disorders in India: The Magnitude of the Problem......Page 166
  5.1 Epidemiological Studies......Page 167
  5.2 High-Risk Groups......Page 168
 6 Policy Implications and Imperatives for Action......Page 169
  6.1 Human Rights and Mental Health Policy......Page 170
  6.2 Stigma......Page 171
  6.3 Family Care: Interventions and Support for Caregivers......Page 172
  6.4 Cultural Factors......Page 173
 7 Human Resources Planning and Training......Page 174
 8 Conclusions......Page 175
 References......Page 176
 1 Disability Demographics and Definitions......Page 181
  2.1 Disability Research: Salient Features......Page 183
  2.3 Disability Research: Changing Negative Attitudes......Page 185
 3 Policies for Persons with Physical Disabilities......Page 187
  3.1 The Persons with Disabilities Act 1995......Page 188
  3.2 National Policy for Persons with Disabilities......Page 189
  3.3 Community-Based Rehabilitation Initiatives......Page 190
 4 Disability Policies and Practices: The Real Scene......Page 191
  4.1 Protection of Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill, 2011......Page 192
 5 Creating Space for Psychology in Disability Discourse and Interventions......Page 193
   5.1.1 Modifying Negative Attitudes......Page 194
   5.1.2 Community’s Asset Mapping......Page 195
  5.3 Creating Learning Communities......Page 196
 References......Page 198
10 Salience of Indigenous Healing Practices for Health Care Programmes in India......Page 203
 1 Indigenous Healing Practices......Page 204
 2 Modern Medicine......Page 206
 3 Meaning of Health in the Indian Context......Page 208
 4 A Comprehensive Model of Health and Wellbeing......Page 209
 5 Health Care Scenario in India......Page 211
 6 Doctor-Patient Communication......Page 212
 7 Early Effort Toward Integrated Approaches in Health Care......Page 213
 8 Integrating Indigenous Practices into Health Care Programmes......Page 214
 References......Page 218
 1 Introduction......Page 220
 2 Problems Posed for Social Policy by Psychological Research......Page 221
 3 Psychological Interventions for Poverty Alleviation......Page 223
 4 Ecological Context of Poverty......Page 224
 5 Dilemmas Faced by Psychologists......Page 225
 6 In Sum......Page 227
 References......Page 228
 1 Introduction: Distributive Justice in the Social-psychological Perspective......Page 231
 2 The Social Psychology of Distributive Justice: A Brief Review......Page 234
  2.1 The Notable Features of Research on Distributive Justice......Page 235
  3.1 Justice Conceptualization of Those Affected by Social Policy......Page 240
  3.2 Justice Perceptions Between Different Sections of Society......Page 242
   3.2.1 Age......Page 243
   3.2.2 Gender......Page 245
   3.2.4 Social Disadvantage......Page 246
  3.4 The Role of Resource Variables and Sociocultural Characteristics......Page 249
   3.4.1 Cultural Variables......Page 250
 4 Summing Up......Page 256
 References......Page 257
 1 Introduction: The Context of Hindu-Muslim Relations......Page 264
 2 Hindu-Muslim Relations and Communal Riots in Contemporary India......Page 266
 3 Development of Religious Identity and Inter-Group Attitudes......Page 269
 4 The Reciprocal “Other” in Hindus and Muslims......Page 271
 5 Structural and Contextual Factors in Hindu-Muslim Relations......Page 272
 6 Social Identity Versus National Identity......Page 275
 7 Religion, Secularist Ideology and Inter-Group Relations......Page 277
 8 Psychological Knowledge for Building Positive Inter-Group Relations......Page 278
 9 Developing Social Policy for Harmonious Hindu-Muslim Relations......Page 281
  10.1 Developing mixed neighbourhoods to encourage inter-group contact......Page 283
  10.2 Re-orienting education for building positive inter-group attitudes......Page 284
  10.3 Building cultural competence and cultural sensitivity......Page 285
  10.5 Dealing with collective memories and riot trauma......Page 286
 11 Epilogue......Page 287
 References......Page 288
 1 Introduction......Page 292
 2 Gendered Socialization......Page 293
  3.1 Role of Culture and Media......Page 294
 4 Helplessness......Page 295
 5 Gendered Competence......Page 296
 6 Cross-Gender-Role Conformity......Page 297
 7 Role Appropriateness Versus Career Aspirations......Page 298
 8 Development of Women......Page 299
 9 Government Policies......Page 300
 References......Page 302
15 The Environment–Behaviour Link: Challenges for Policy Makers......Page 304
  1.1 Crowding......Page 306
  1.2 Noise......Page 308
  1.3 Air and Water Pollution......Page 309
  1.4 Unhealthy Environments......Page 310
  1.5 Environmental Disasters......Page 311
 2 Risk Perception and Management......Page 312
 3 Changing Environment-Related Behaviour......Page 314
 4 Environmental Attitudes......Page 315
 5 Environmental Concerns......Page 316
 6 Pro-Environmental Behaviour......Page 317
 7 Conclusion and Policy Implications......Page 320
 References......Page 322