Psychological Testing: An Introduction

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 13
INTRODUCTION......Page 15
CATEGORIES OF TESTS......Page 19
ETHICAL STANDARDS......Page 23
INFORMATION ABOUT TESTS......Page 25
SUMMARY......Page 26
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 28
CONSTRUCTING A TEST......Page 29
TEST ITEMS......Page 32
PHILOSOPHICAL ISSUES......Page 36
INTERPRETING TEST SCORES......Page 39
Item Difficulty......Page 42
Item Discrimination......Page 45
NORMS......Page 48
COMBINING TEST SCORES......Page 52
SUMMARY......Page 54
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 55
RELIABILITY......Page 56
TYPES OF RELIABILITY......Page 57
VALIDITY......Page 66
Content Validity......Page 67
Construct Validity......Page 68
Other Aspects......Page 70
ASPECTS OF VALIDITY......Page 71
Validity from an Individual Point of View......Page 78
SUMMARY......Page 79
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 80
Internal or External?......Page 81
SOME BASIC ISSUES......Page 82
Traits and Types......Page 83
TYPES OF PERSONALITY TESTS......Page 84
The Cattell 16PF......Page 86
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)......Page 88
The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS)......Page 90
The Personality Research Form (PRF)......Page 92
The California Psychological Inventory (CPI)......Page 94
The Inventory of Psychosocial Balance (IPB)......Page 98
The Self-Consciousness Inventory (SCI)......Page 100
Boredom Proneness Scale (BP)......Page 101
THE BIG FIVE......Page 102
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 105
INTRODUCTION......Page 106
THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE......Page 108
OTHER ASPECTS......Page 111
THE BINET TESTS......Page 114
The WAIS......Page 119
The WISC......Page 124
The WPPSI......Page 128
The British Ability Scales (BAS)......Page 130
The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC)......Page 132
The Structure of Intellect Learning Abilities Test (SOI-LA)......Page 134
The School and College Ability Tests, III (SCAT III)......Page 136
The Otis-Lennon School Ability Test (OLSAT)......Page 137
The Slosson Intelligence Test (SIT)......Page 138
SUMMARY......Page 139
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 140
ATTITUDES......Page 141
Ways of Measuring Attitudes......Page 143
The C Scale......Page 152
VALUES......Page 155
The Study of Values (SoV)......Page 156
The Rokeach Value Survey (RVS)......Page 157
INTERESTS......Page 162
The Strong Interest Inventory (SII)......Page 163
The Kuder Inventories......Page 171
Other Interest Inventories......Page 172
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 174
INTRODUCTION......Page 175
The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III (SCID)......Page 177
The Symptom Checklist 90R (SCL-90R)......Page 178
The Psychological Screening Inventory (PSI)......Page 180
The MMPI......Page 184
The MMPI-2......Page 186
THE MILLON CLINICAL MULTIAXIAL INVENTORY (MCMI)......Page 193
The Wisconsin Personality Disorders Inventory (WISPI)......Page 199
The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ)......Page 200
The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)......Page 201
The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)......Page 203
Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D)......Page 207
The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS)......Page 208
The Base Rate Problem Revisited......Page 209
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 210
The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale......Page 211
LOCUS OF CONTROL......Page 216
The Internal-External Locus of Control Scale......Page 217
SEXUALITY......Page 218
CREATIVITY......Page 219
Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT)......Page 220
Guilford’s Tests......Page 222
The Adjective Check List (ACL)......Page 223
Chinese Tangrams......Page 225
General Comments About Creativity Tests......Page 226
IMAGERY......Page 227
Paivio’s Individual Differences Questionnaire (IDQ)......Page 228
COMPETITIVENESS......Page 229
The Miller Hope Scale (MHS)......Page 230
The Snyder Hope Scale (SHS)......Page 231
LONELINESS......Page 232
Death Anxiety Scale (DAS)......Page 233
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 234
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 235
SOME ISSUES REGARDING TESTING......Page 237
Mental Retardation......Page 248
Learning Disabilites......Page 251
Motor Impairments......Page 252
Speech Impairments......Page 254
Hearing Impairments......Page 256
Visual Impairments......Page 258
Gifted......Page 259
SOME GENERAL ISSUES ABOUT TESTS......Page 260
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 269
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 270
SOME OVERALL ISSUES......Page 271
ATTITUDES TOWARD THE ELDERLY......Page 274
LIFE SATISFACTION......Page 275
MARITAL SATISFACTION......Page 277
MORALE......Page 278
DEATH AND DYING......Page 279
NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT......Page 280
DEPRESSION......Page 283
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 284
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 285
MEASUREMENT BIAS......Page 286
CROSS-CULTURAL ASSESSMENT......Page 296
MEASUREMENT OF ACCULTURATION......Page 298
The Cattell Culture-Fair Intelligence Test......Page 301
Raven’s Progressive Matrices......Page 302
The System of Multicultural Pluralistic Assessment (SOMPA)......Page 305
Culture-Specific Tests......Page 306
College Entrance Tests......Page 307
The Graduate Record Examination (GRE)......Page 308
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 309
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 310
SOME GENERAL CONCERNS......Page 311
MODIFIED TESTING......Page 314
SOME GENERAL RESULTS......Page 315
LEGAL ISSUES......Page 318
THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED......Page 321
General issues......Page 326
Some Selected Findings......Page 329
PHYSICAL-MOTOR DISABILITIES......Page 335
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 337
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 338
Objectives of Preschool Assessment......Page 339
The California Achievement Tests (CAT)......Page 342
Teacher Rating Scales......Page 344
HIGH SCHOOL......Page 345
Tests of General Educational Development (GED Tests)......Page 346
The National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)......Page 347
The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT)......Page 348
THE GRADUATE RECORD EXAMINATION......Page 356
The Medical College Admission Test (MCAT)......Page 362
TESTS FOR LICENSURE AND CERTIFICATION......Page 366
SUMMARY......Page 368
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 369
Government Regulations......Page 370
How Is Job Success Measured?......Page 371
The Method Problem......Page 372
g as a Predictor of Occupational Criteria......Page 373
Supervisors’ Ratings......Page 374
Rating Errors......Page 375
Behavioral Anchors......Page 376
Personality as Predictor of Job Performance......Page 377
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA (BIODATA)......Page 379
Scaling Procedures......Page 380
ASSESSMENT CENTERS......Page 385
The In-Basket Technique......Page 386
Banding......Page 387
Time Urgency......Page 388
Occupational Choice......Page 389
The Dot Estimation Task (DOT)......Page 390
PREDICTION OF POLICE PERFORMANCE......Page 391
The Inwald Personality Inventory (IPI)......Page 392
The Supervisory Practices Test (SPT)......Page 393
The General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB)......Page 394
How Supervise?......Page 396
The Wonderlic Personnel Test (WPT)......Page 397
INTEGRITY TESTS......Page 398
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 402
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 403
The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery......Page 404
PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES......Page 406
The Rorschach Inkblot Technique......Page 408
The Holtzman Inkblot Technique (HIT)......Page 411
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)......Page 412
Sentence Completion Tests......Page 415
Drawings......Page 416
The Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Test......Page 418
The Effective Therapist......Page 420
Alcoholism......Page 421
Eating Disorders......Page 422
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY......Page 423
Health Status......Page 428
The Sickness Impact Pro.le (SIP)......Page 429
The McGill Pain Questionnaire (McGill PQ)......Page 430
The Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS)......Page 431
FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY......Page 433
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964......Page 436
Tests in Educational Settings......Page 437
Other Legislative Actions......Page 438
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 440
SOME BASIC ISSUES......Page 441
SOME PSYCHOMETRIC ISSUES......Page 446
TECHNIQUES TO DISCOURAGE FAKING......Page 448
RELATED ISSUES......Page 449
THE MMPI AND FAKING......Page 451
THE CPI AND FAKING......Page 457
SOCIAL DESIRABILITY AND ASSESSMENT ISSUES......Page 458
ACQUIESCENCE......Page 462
OTHER ISSUES......Page 463
Faking with Other Tests......Page 464
TEST ANXIETY......Page 470
TESTWISENESS......Page 471
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 472
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 473
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE......Page 474
COMPUTER SCORING OF TESTS......Page 475
COMPUTER ADMINISTRATION OF TESTS......Page 476
Paper-and-Pencil (p-p) vs. Computer Format (cf)......Page 477
COMPUTER-BASED TEST INTERPRETATIONS (CBTI)......Page 481
SOME SPECIFIC TESTS......Page 485
Neuropsychological Testing and Computers......Page 486
ADAPTIVE TESTING AND COMPUTERS......Page 487
Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer Use in Testing......Page 489
ETHICAL ISSUES INVOLVING COMPUTER USE......Page 490
OTHER ISSUES AND COMPUTER USE......Page 491
A LOOK AT OTHER TESTS AND COMPUTER USE......Page 492
Miscellaneous Issues Involved in Computer Use......Page 493
SUMMARY......Page 495
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 496
TRADITIONAL ASSESSMENT......Page 497
Direct Assessment Methods......Page 498
Indirect Assessment......Page 499
VALIDITY OF BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT......Page 502
BEHAVIORAL CHECKLISTS......Page 504
Measurement of Anger......Page 506
The Daily Child Behavior Checklist (DCBC)......Page 507
Penile Tumescence Measurement (PTM)......Page 508
Depression......Page 509
Assertiveness......Page 510
Adult Self-Expression Scale (ASES)......Page 511
Children’s Assertive Behavior Scale (CABS)......Page 512
The Fear Survey Schedule (FSS)......Page 513
PROGRAM EVALUATION......Page 515
Measuring the Home Environment......Page 516
Measuring Classroom Environments......Page 517
The Individualized Classroom Environment Questionnaire (ICEQ)......Page 518
Measuring the Physical Environment......Page 519
ASSESSMENT OF FAMILY FUNCTIONING......Page 520
Family-Systems Rating Scales......Page 521
The McMaster Family-Assessment Device (FAD)......Page 522
Sociometric Procedures......Page 524
Adjective Checklists......Page 525
The Environmental Check List (ECL)......Page 526
Q Sorts and Q Sets......Page 527
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 529
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 530
INTRODUCTION......Page 531
THE FRENCH CLINICAL TRADITION......Page 532
THE GERMAN NOMOTHETIC APPROACH......Page 533
THE BRITISH IDIOGRAPHIC APPROACH......Page 534
THE AMERICAN APPLIED ORIENTATION......Page 536
SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENTS......Page 544
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS......Page 547
APPENDIX......Page 549
References......Page 551
Test Index......Page 637
Index of Acronyms......Page 641
Subject Index......Page 643