Psychiatric diagnosis : challenges and prospects

Cover Page......Page 1
Halftitle......Page 2
World Psychiatric Association Evidence and Experience in Psychiatry Series......Page 3
Other World Psychiatric Association titles......Page 4
Inside Cover......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
List of contributors......Page 10
Preface......Page 15
Section I - CONCEPTS OF MENTAL ILLNESS AND HEALTH ACROSS THE WORLD......Page 17
1.2 ANCIENT GREECE TO THE ENLIGHTENMENT......Page 18
1.4 THE NINETEENTH CENTURY......Page 19
1.5 DEGENERATION THEORY......Page 21
1.6 EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY......Page 22
1.7 DEVELOPMENTS TO THE PRESENT DAY......Page 25
1.8 CONCLUSION......Page 27
REFERENCES......Page 28
2. Philosophical Perspectives on Health, Illness and Clinical Judgement in Psychiatry and Medicine......Page 30
2.2 CONCEPTS OF HEALTH AND ILLNESS IN ANCIENT GREECE......Page 31
2.3 HEALTH AND ILLNESS......Page 32
2.4 THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AS A RESOURCE FOR CLINICAL JUDGEMENT......Page 33
REFERENCES......Page 41
3.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 43
3.2 UNDERSTANDING AND ELICITING EXPLANATORY MODELS......Page 44
3.3 CULTURE, CONTEXT AND EXPLANATION......Page 45
3.4 HOW REASONS BECOME CAUSES: EXPLANATIONS AND LOOPING EFFECTS......Page 47
3.5 CONCLUSION: CULTURE, CONTEXT AND MEANING IN PSYCHIATRIC NOSOLOGY......Page 50
REFERENCES......Page 51
4.2 THE RISE OF THE QUALITY OF LIFE CONCEPT IN MEDICINE......Page 55
4.3 THE CONCEPT OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN RELATION TO MENTAL HEALTH......Page 57
4.4 FROM ASSESSMENT TO ACTION......Page 58
REFERENCES......Page 60
5.1 REMISSION AND RECOVERY......Page 62
5.2 RECOVERY AND CLINICAL AND SCIENTIFIC RESPONSIBILITIES......Page 64
5.3 RESILIENCE......Page 66
REFERENCES......Page 70
6.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 73
6.2 CONSEQUENCES OF STRESS AND SOCIETAL TRANSITION......Page 74
6.3 INTERNATIONAL REACTIONS......Page 75
6.4 MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION – EFFECTIVE AND PERSONAL......Page 76
6.5 SUICIDE PREVENTION ‘FOR THE PERSON’ – AN EXAMPLE OF PUBLIC ACTION ON HEALTH PROMOTION......Page 77
6.7 A STRATEGIC OUTLOOK......Page 78
REFERENCES......Page 79
Section II - PSYCHOPATHOLOGY......Page 81
7.2 EPIDEMIOLOGY......Page 82
7.3 DIAGNOSIS OF DEMENTIA......Page 83
7.4 PATHOLOGY......Page 84
7.6 NEUROIMAGING......Page 85
7.7 BEHAVIOUR SYMPTOMS IN DEMENTIA......Page 86
7.9 MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT......Page 87
7.10 CARE OF THE PERSON WITH DEMENTIA......Page 88
7.11 STUDIES FROM NON-WESTERN SOCIETIES......Page 89
REFERENCES......Page 90
8.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 95
8.2 CURRENT DIAGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATION OF SCHIZOPHRENIA......Page 96
8.3 PROSPECTS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA CLASSIFICATION......Page 99
8.4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 102
REFERENCES......Page 103
9.2 CURRENT DIAGNOSTIC CLASSIFICATIONS......Page 105
9.3 FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR CLASSIFICATION......Page 108
REFERENCES......Page 110
10.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 112
10.2 THE TWO APPROACHES TO CONSIDERING AND CLASSIFYING ANXIETY DISORDERS......Page 116
10.3 NEW WAYS OF INTERPRETING CLINICAL EVIDENCE......Page 117
10.4 THE CASE OF OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER......Page 119
10.5 THE CASE OF STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS......Page 121
REFERENCES......Page 125
11.1 INTRODUCTION: SUBSTANCE USE ASSESSMENT......Page 128
11.2 DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENTS......Page 129
11.3 DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA OF SUBSTANCE-USE DISORDERS......Page 130
11.4 OTHER SUBSTANCE-INDUCED DISORDERS......Page 131
11.6 CATEGORICAL VS DIMENSIONAL......Page 132
11.7 INCLUSION OF NEUROBIOLOGICAL FEATURES IN DIAGNOSING ADDICTIVE DISORDERS......Page 133
11.9 SUBTYPES OF SUBSTANCE-USE DISORDERS......Page 134
11.11 PERSON-CENTRED INTEGRATIVE DIAGNOSIS AND SUBSTANCE-USE DISORDERS......Page 135
11.12 CONCLUSIONS......Page 136
REFERENCES......Page 137
12.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 138
12.2 NEW CATEGORIES FOR CLASSIFICATION......Page 140
REFERENCES......Page 142
13.2 THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT......Page 144
13.3 CURRENT DIAGNOSTIC STRUCTURE......Page 145
13.4 DIMENSIONAL APPROACHES TO PERSONALITY DIAGNOSIS......Page 146
13.5 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSIS OF PERSONALITY DISORDER......Page 147
13.6 THE FUTURE OF PERSONALITY DISORDER DIAGNOSIS......Page 148
REFERENCES......Page 149
14.1 INTRODUCTION: CLASSIFICATION OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES......Page 150
14.2 ACCURATE ASSESSMENT OF SYMPTOMS OF MENTAL ILL-HEALTH PRECEDES CLASSIFICATION......Page 151
14.3 ICD-10 AND DSM-IV-TR, INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, AND CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL ILL-HEALTH......Page 153
14.4 DC-LD AND DM-ID, INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES, AND CLASSIFICATION OF MENTAL ILL-HEALTH......Page 154
REFERENCES......Page 155
15.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 156
15.3 DEVELOPMENTAL SPECIFICITIES......Page 157
15.5 PROGNOSTIC SPECIFICITIES......Page 158
15.6 ALTERNATIVE NOSOLOGICAL PROPOSALS IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY......Page 159
REFERENCES......Page 162
16.1 THE NECESSITY OF SPECIAL PSYCHIATRIC CLASSIFICATIONS FOR INFANTS AND CHILDREN......Page 164
16.2 HISTORY OF CHILD PSYCHIATRY CLASSIFICATION......Page 165
16.3 CURRENT MULTI-AXIAL CLASSIFICATIONS FOR INFANT AND CHILDREN’S PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS – DC: 0-3R, ICD-10, DSM IV–TR, AND OTHE......Page 166
CLINICAL VIGNETTE......Page 170
(CONTINUED)......Page 171
16.4 STABILITY......Page 174
16.5 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ICD-10 AND DSM-IV-TR......Page 175
REFERENCES......Page 178
17.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 180
17.4 THE NEED FOR AN OBLIGATORY ONSET SPECIFIER......Page 181
REFERENCES......Page 187
18.2 EPIDEMIOLIOGY OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR......Page 188
18.3 SUICIDE RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS......Page 189
18.4 PREVENTION OF SUICIDAL BEHAVIOUR......Page 192
REFERENCES......Page 193
Section III -COMORBIDITY IN MENTAL AND GENERAL HEALTH......Page 195
19.2 THE CONCEPT OF COMORBIDITY......Page 196
19.3 CLINICAL AND CONCEPTUAL BASES OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMORBID CONDITIONS......Page 197
19.4 THE MULTIPLE FACES OF COMORBIDITY IN MENTAL HEALTH......Page 199
19.5 CONTRIBUTORS TO COMORBIDITY......Page 201
19.7 CONCLUSIONS......Page 202
REFERENCES......Page 203
20.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 204
20.2 THE ‘CONTEXT’ IN WHICH PRIMARY CARE SERVICES ARE DELIVERED......Page 205
20.3 THE COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL, MENTAL AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN PRIMARY CARE PATIENTS......Page 206
20.4 PROBLEMS WITH THE CONCEPT OF PSYCHIATRIC ‘CASENESS’ IN PRIMARY CARE......Page 208
20.5 THE MOST COMMON MENTAL HEALTH COMORBIDITIES IN PATIENTS PRESENTING IN PRIMARY CARE......Page 211
20.6 MENTAL HEALTH AND GENERAL MEDICAL COMORBIDITIES......Page 212
20.7 CONCLUSION......Page 213
REFERENCES......Page 214
21.2 COMORBIDITY ESSENTIALS......Page 219
21.3 COMORBIDITY AND POSITIVE HEALTH......Page 220
21.4 THE NEED FOR INTEGRATED CARE......Page 221
REFERENCES......Page 222
Section IV - DIAGNOSTIC MODELS......Page 224
22.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 225
22.2 CONCEPTS OF VALIDITY, INCLUDING DIAGNOSTIC VALIDITY AND ETIOPATHOGENIC VALIDITY......Page 226
22.4 A PROTOTYPE APPROACH......Page 227
22.5 REDUCTIVE VERSUS INTERLEVEL APPROACHES TO NEUROBIOLOGY......Page 229
22.6 CLINICAL UTILITY AND CLINICAL VALIDITY......Page 231
22.8 CONCLUSIONS......Page 233
REFERENCES......Page 234
23.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 236
23.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE ICD REVISION PROCESS......Page 238
23.4 METHODS......Page 243
23.5 CONCLUSION: FUTURE STEPS......Page 248
REFERENCES......Page 249
24.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 250
24.2 REVISION OF ICD-10 MENTAL AND BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS......Page 251
REFERENCES......Page 255
25.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 257
25.2 DSM-V RESEARCH PLANNING PHASE I: DEVELOPMENT OF A RESEARCH AGENDA......Page 259
25.3 DSM-V RESEARCH PLANNING PHASE II: RESEARCH PLANNING CONFERENCES......Page 260
25.4 DIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO PERSONALITY DISORDERS CONFERENCE......Page 261
25.6 LIKELY DIRECTIONS FOR DSM-V......Page 262
REFERENCES......Page 263
26.1 INTRODUCTION: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT......Page 265
26.2 CONSTRUCTION OF THE GLADP......Page 268
26.3 THE GLADP PROJECT......Page 269
26.4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 271
REFERENCES......Page 272
27.1 INTRODUCTION: THE EDITION PRINCIPLES OF CCMD-3......Page 274
27.2 THE USE OF CCMD-3 IN CHINA [3]......Page 275
27.3 RATING TEST FOR HEALTH AND DISEASES (RTHD)......Page 276
REFERENCES......Page 278
28.1 INTRODUCTION: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND......Page 279
28.2 EVALUATING THE CURRENT SYSTEMS......Page 282
28.3 MULTIAXIAL PROPOSALS TOWARDS A PERSON-CENTRED INTEGRATIVE DIAGNOSIS (PID)......Page 283
28.4 CONCLUSIONS......Page 285
REFERENCES......Page 286
29.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 289
29.2 THE ESSENTIALS OF COMPREHENSIVE PERSON-CENTRED DIAGNOSIS......Page 290
29.3 THE SPIRAL PATH TO WELL-BEING......Page 294
REFERENCES......Page 295
30.2 HISTORICAL AND CONCEPTUAL BASES......Page 297
30.3 WPA’S INSTITUTIONAL PROGRAMME ON PSYCHIATRY FOR THE PERSON......Page 298
30.5 PRECEDENCE AND RESOURCES......Page 299
30.6 BASIC THEORETICAL MODEL OF PERSON-CENTRED INTEGRATIVE DIAGNOSIS (PID)......Page 300
REFERENCES......Page 301
Index......Page 303