PSYCH

Cover......Page 0
Brief Contents......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Chapter 1: What Is Psychology?......Page 10
1-1 Psychology as a Science......Page 12
1-2 Historical Foundations of Psychology......Page 15
1-3 Contemporary Perspectives in Psychology......Page 19
1-4 How Psychologists Study Behavior and Mental Processes......Page 23
1-5 Methods of Research......Page 26
1-6 Ethics in Psychological Research......Page 31
1-7 Critical Thinking......Page 32
Chapter 2: Biology and Psychology......Page 38
2-1 The Nervous System: On Being Wired......Page 40
2-2 The Divisions of the Nervous System......Page 46
2-3 The Brain: Wider than the Sky......Page 49
2-4 A Voyage through the Brain......Page 51
2-5 The Cerebral Cortex......Page 54
2-6 The Endocrine System......Page 57
2-7 Evolution and Heredity......Page 60
Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception......Page 70
3-1 Sensation and Perception......Page 71
3-2 Vision......Page 75
3-3 Visual Perception......Page 81
3-4 Hearing......Page 88
3-5 The Other Senses......Page 92
3-6 ESP: Is there Perception without Sensation?......Page 95
Chapter 4: Consciousness......Page 100
4-1 What Is Consciousness?......Page 101
4-2 Sleep and Dreams......Page 104
4-3 Altering Consciousness: Hypnosis, Meditation, and Biofeedback......Page 110
4-4 Altering Consciousness through Drugs......Page 114
4-5 Depressants......Page 116
4-6 Stimulants......Page 118
4-7 Hallucinogenics......Page 122
Chapter 5: Learning......Page 128
5-1 Learning, Experience, and Change......Page 129
5-2 Classical Conditioning: Learning What is Linked to What......Page 130
5-3 Applications of Classical Conditioning......Page 134
5-4 Operant Conditioning: Learning What does What to What......Page 137
5-5 Applications of Operant Conditioning......Page 144
5-6 Cognitive Factors in Learning......Page 146
Chapter 6: Memory: Remembrance of Things Past—and Future......Page 154
6-1 Kinds of Memory......Page 155
6-2 Processes of Memory......Page 158
6-3 Sensory Memory......Page 161
6-4 Short-Term Memory......Page 162
6-5 Long-Term Memory......Page 165
6-6 Forgetting......Page 169
6-7 The Biology of Memory......Page 175
Chapter 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence......Page 182
7-1 Thinking......Page 183
7-2 Language......Page 190
7-3 Language Development: The Two-Year Explosion......Page 193
7-4 Theories of Intelligence......Page 197
7-5 The Measurement of Intelligence......Page 201
7-6 Nature and Nurture in Intelligence......Page 206
Chapter 8: Motivation and Emotion......Page 212
8-1 The Psychology of Motivation......Page 213
8-2 Theories of Motivation......Page 214
8-3 Hunger......Page 217
8-4 Sexual Motivation and Sexual Orientation......Page 222
8-5 Achievement Motivation......Page 227
8-6 Emotion......Page 228
8-7 Theories of Emotion......Page 232
Chapter 9: The Voyage through the Life Span......Page 240
9-1 Prenatal Development......Page 241
9-2 Childhood: Physical Development......Page 243
9-3 Childhood: Cognitive Development......Page 245
9-4 Childhood: Social and Emotional Development......Page 252
9-5 Adolescence......Page 255
9-6 Emerging Adulthood......Page 259
9-7 Adulthood......Page 260
Chapter 10: Personality: Theory and Measurement......Page 268
10-1 The Psychodynamic Perspective......Page 270
10-2 The Trait Perspective......Page 276
10-3 Learning-Theory Perspectives......Page 279
10-4 The Humanistic–Existential Perspective......Page 281
10-5 The Sociocultural Perspective......Page 285
10-6 Measurement of Personality......Page 287
Chapter 11: Stress, Health, and Coping......Page 294
11-1 Stress: What it is, Where it Comes From......Page 296
11-2 Psychological Moderators of Stress......Page 301
11-3 Stress and the Body......Page 303
11-4 Psychology and Chronic Health Problems......Page 307
Chapter 12: Psychological Disorders......Page 314
12-1 What Are Psychological Disorders?......Page 315
12-2 Anxiety Disorders......Page 318
12-3 Obsessive–Compulsive and Related Disorders......Page 321
12-4 Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders......Page 322
12-5 Dissociative Disorders......Page 323
12-6 Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders......Page 324
12-7 Mood Disorders......Page 325
12-8 Schizophrenia and Other Psychotic Disorders......Page 330
12-9 Personality Disorders......Page 334
Chapter 13: Methods of Therapy......Page 338
13-1 What Is Psychotherapy?......Page 340
13-2 Psychodynamic Therapies......Page 342
13-3 Humanistic Therapies......Page 343
13-4 Behavior Therapy......Page 345
13-5 Cognitive Therapies......Page 349
13-6 Group Therapies......Page 351
13-7 Does Psychotherapy Work?......Page 353
13-8 Biological Therapies......Page 356
Chapter 14: Social Psychology......Page 362
14-1 Attitudes......Page 364
14-2 Prejudice and Discrimination......Page 368
14-3 Attraction and Love......Page 370
14-4 Social Perception......Page 373
14-5 Social Influence......Page 375
14-6 Aggression......Page 380
14-7 Group Behavior......Page 381
Appendix: Statistics......Page 390
Answers to Chapter Review Questions......Page 404
References......Page 406
Index......Page 433