Properties, growth and applications of diamond

Front Matter......Page 1
Foreword......Page 3
Editor's Note: Diamond Materials Reviewed in This Volume......Page 5
Contributing Authors......Page 6
Abbreviations......Page 12
Table of Contents......Page 0
67853_toc.pdf......Page 15
A1. Optical, Mechanical and Transport Properties......Page 18
A1.1 Raman, Brillouin and Infrared Spectroscopy of Phonons in Conventional Diamond......Page 19
A1.2 Modifications to 12C-Diamond by the 13C-Isotope: Raman, Brillouin and Infrared Spectroscopy of Phonons......Page 30
A1.3 Electronic Excitations in Isotopically Controlled Diamonds: Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Acceptor-Bound Holes......Page 37
A1.4 Elastic Moduli of Diamond......Page 44
A1.5 Thermal Transport in Diamond......Page 48
A1.6 Transport Properties of Diamond: Carrier Mobility and Resistivity......Page 56
A2. Assessing Diamond 'Quality'......Page 69
A2.1 Thermal Characterization of Diamond......Page 70
A2.2 Crystalline Quality Assessment in Diamond by Micro-Raman Spectroscopy......Page 81
A3. Electron Emission from Diamond......Page 86
A3.1 Electron Affinities of Diamond Surfaces......Page 87
A3.2 Origin of Field Emission from Diamond: Theory and Experiment......Page 90
A3.3 Properties of Secondary Electron Emission from Diamond: Influence of Dopants......Page 96
A3.4 Properties of Secondary Electron Emission from Diamond: Influence of Surface......Page 100
A4. Properties and Technology of Diamond Surfaces......Page 106
A4.1 Morphology of Diamond Surfaces......Page 107
A4.2 Friction of Diamond Surfaces......Page 114
A4.3 Wear and Abrasion of Diamond Surfaces......Page 117
A4.4 Polishing Diamond Surfaces......Page 120
A4.5 Erosion of Diamond Surfaces......Page 123
A4.6 Etching of Diamond......Page 127
A5. Properties of Defects in Diamond: Nitrogen and Hydrogen......Page 137
A5.1 Theory of Aggregation of Nitrogen in Diamond......Page 138
A5.2 Aggregates of Nitrogen in Diamond......Page 141
A5.3 The Nitrogen Interstitial in Diamond......Page 145
A5.4 Neutral ([Ns]0) and Ionized ([Ns]+) Single Substitutional Nitrogen in Diamond......Page 147
A5. Properties of Defects in Diamond: Nitrogen and Hydrogen......Page 153
A5.1 Theory of Aggregation of Nitrogen in Diamond......Page 154
A5.2 Aggregates of Nitrogen in Diamond......Page 157
A5.3 The Nitrogen Interstitial in Diamond......Page 161
A5.4 Neutral ([Ns]0) and Ionized ([Ns]+) Single Substitutional Nitrogen in Diamond......Page 163
A5.5 Influence of Nitrogen Content on the Mechanical Properties of Diamond......Page 169
A5.6 Influence of Nitrogen on the Surface Morphology of CVD Grown Diamond......Page 176
A5.7 Hydrogen Related Vibrational and Electronic Transitions in Diamond......Page 182
A5.8 Hydrogen in CVD Diamond: EPR......Page 190
A6. Properties of Defects in Diamond: Transition Metals and Silicon......Page 192
A6.1 Optical and EPR Properties of Transition Metals in Diamond......Page 193
A6.2 The Effect of Transition Metals (TM) on the Aggregation Kinetics of Nitrogen in Diamond......Page 198
A6.3 Silicon in HPHT and CVD Diamond......Page 200
A7. Properties of Defects in Diamond: Vacancy and Self-Interstitial......Page 203
A7.1 Modeling Electronic States of the Vacancy in Diamond......Page 204
A7.2 Theory of the Self-Interstitial in Diamond......Page 213
A7.3 The Vacancy in Diamond......Page 218
A7.4 EPR Measurements on the Negatively Charged, Neutral and Positively Charged Vacancies and the Nearest Neighbour Divacancies in Diamond......Page 229
A7.5 The Carbon Interstitial and Self-Interstitial Complexes in Diamond......Page 239
A8. Properties of Defects in Diamond: Shallow States in Diamond......Page 250
A8.1 Properties of Shallow Bound Excitons in Diamond......Page 251
A8.2 Shallow n-Type Dopants in Diamond: Theory......Page 256
A8.3 Passivation of Acceptors in Diamond: B-H Interaction......Page 260
A8.4 Photoconductivity in Diamond......Page 267
B1. Single Crystal and Microcrystalline Diamond Films: Growth Issues......Page 269
B1.1 High Temperature High Pressure Synthesis of Single Crystal Diamond......Page 270
B1.2 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Issues of Metastable Diamond Growth......Page 279
B1.3 CVD Growth of Diamond......Page 285
B1.4 Nucleationof Polycrystalline Diamond Films......Page 296
B1.5 Effect of B, N and P on Low-Temperature Diamond Growth......Page 304
B1.6 Diamond Growth by Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapour Deposition (MPCVD)......Page 313
B2. Nanocrystalline Diamond Films......Page 319
B2.1 Growth of Nanocrystalline Diamond Films......Page 320
B2.2 Nucleation of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Films......Page 324
B2.3 Microstructure and Grain Boundaries of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Films......Page 328
B2.4 Applications of Ultrananocrystalline Diamond Films......Page 334
B3. Doping......Page 339
B3.1 Doping of Diamond Using Ion Implantation......Page 340
B3.2 Large Dopants in Diamond......Page 350
B3.3 Boron Doping and Characterization of Diamond......Page 356
B3.4 Nitrogen and Phosphorus Doping in CVD Diamond......Page 364
C1. Optical and Electronic Applications......Page 367
C1.1 Optical Properties of Diamond and Applications as Radiation Windows......Page 368
C1.2 CVD Diamond for X-Ray Lithography Masks......Page 373
C1.3 Applications of Diamond in Electron Beam Devices......Page 379
C1.4 Diamond SAW Devices......Page 392
C1.5 Diamond X-Ray Dosimeters......Page 403
C1.6 Diamond Optoelectronic Devices......Page 410
C2. Mechanical Applications and Thermal Management......Page 416
C2.1 Sample Requirements for Diamond Deposition......Page 417
C2.2 CVD Diamond for Thermal Management......Page 426
A......Page 432
C......Page 433
D......Page 435
E......Page 437
F......Page 439
G......Page 440
H......Page 441
I......Page 443
L......Page 444
M......Page 445
N......Page 446
O......Page 447
P......Page 448
R......Page 450
S......Page 451
T......Page 455
V......Page 458
X......Page 459
Z......Page 460