Programming in Objective C 6th Edition

Table of Contents......Page 9
Introduction......Page 20
 Higher-Level Languages......Page 24
 Operating Systems......Page 25
 Compiling Programs......Page 26
 Language Interpreters......Page 29
2 Compiling and Running Your First Program......Page 30
 Running Your Program......Page 31
 Understanding Your First Program......Page 32
 Displaying the Values of Variables......Page 34
 Comments......Page 36
 Exercises......Page 38
 Understanding Data Types and Constants......Page 40
  The Integer Type int......Page 41
  The Extended Precision Type double......Page 42
  The Boolean Data Type _Bool......Page 43
  Type Specifiers: long, long long, short, unsigned, and signed......Page 45
 Working with Variables......Page 48
 Working with Arithmetic Expressions......Page 49
  Integer Arithmetic and the Unary Minus Operator......Page 52
 Combining Operations with Assignment: The Assignment Operators......Page 58
 Exercises......Page 59
 Triangular Numbers......Page 62
 The for Statement......Page 63
  Relational Operators......Page 65
  Aligning Output......Page 69
 Program Input......Page 70
  Nested for Loops......Page 72
  for Loop Variants......Page 74
 The while Statement......Page 75
 The do Statement......Page 79
  The continue Statement......Page 81
 Exercises......Page 82
 The if Statement......Page 84
  The if-else Construct......Page 88
  Compound Relational Tests......Page 91
  Nested if Statements......Page 93
  The else if Construct......Page 95
 The switch Statement......Page 102
 Boolean Variables......Page 105
 The Conditional Operator......Page 109
 Exercises......Page 111
6 Working with Arrays......Page 114
 Defining an Array......Page 115
  Using Array Elements as Counters......Page 119
  Generating Fibonacci Numbers......Page 122
  Using an Array to Generate Prime Numbers......Page 123
 Initializing Arrays......Page 125
 Character Arrays......Page 127
  Base Conversion Using Arrays......Page 128
  The const Qualifier......Page 130
 Multidimensional Arrays......Page 132
 Variable Length Arrays......Page 134
 Exercises......Page 136
 Defining a Function......Page 138
 Arguments and Local Variables......Page 142
  Automatic Local Variables......Page 143
 Returning Function Results......Page 145
 Functions Calling Functions Calling.........Page 149
  Declaring Return Types and Argument Types......Page 152
  Checking Function Arguments......Page 154
 Functions and Arrays......Page 156
  Assignment Operators......Page 160
  Sorting Arrays......Page 162
  Multidimensional Arrays......Page 165
 Global Variables......Page 170
 Automatic and Static Variables......Page 174
 Recursive Functions......Page 177
 Exercises......Page 180
 The Basics of Structures......Page 182
 A Structure for Storing the Date......Page 183
  Using Structures in Expressions......Page 185
 Functions and Structures......Page 188
  A Structure for Storing the Time......Page 194
  Compound Literals......Page 197
 Arrays of Structures......Page 199
 Structures Containing Structures......Page 202
 Structures Containing Arrays......Page 204
 Structure Variants......Page 208
 Exercises......Page 209
 Revisiting the Basics of Strings......Page 212
 Arrays of Characters......Page 213
 Variable-Length Character Strings......Page 216
  Initializing and Displaying Character Strings......Page 218
  Testing Two Character Strings for Equality......Page 221
  Inputting Character Strings......Page 223
  Single-Character Input......Page 225
  The Null String......Page 230
 Escape Characters......Page 234
 More on Constant Strings......Page 236
 Character Strings, Structures, and Arrays......Page 237
  A Better Search Method......Page 240
 Character Operations......Page 245
 Exercises......Page 248
 Pointers and Indirection......Page 252
 Defining a Pointer Variable......Page 253
 Using Pointers in Expressions......Page 256
 Working with Pointers and Structures......Page 258
  Structures Containing Pointers......Page 260
  Linked Lists......Page 262
 The Keyword const and Pointers......Page 270
 Pointers and Functions......Page 271
 Pointers and Arrays......Page 277
  Is It an Array or Is It a Pointer?......Page 281
  Pointers to Character Strings......Page 283
  Constant Character Strings and Pointers......Page 285
  The Increment and Decrement Operators Revisited......Page 286
 Operations on Pointers......Page 290
 Pointers to Functions......Page 291
 Pointers and Memory Addresses......Page 292
 Exercises......Page 294
 The Basics of Bits......Page 296
 Bit Operators......Page 297
  The Bitwise AND Operator......Page 298
  The Bitwise Inclusive-OR Operator......Page 300
  The Bitwise Exclusive-OR Operator......Page 301
  The Ones Complement Operator......Page 302
  The Left Shift Operator......Page 304
  A Shift Function......Page 305
  Rotating Bits......Page 307
 Bit Fields......Page 310
 Exercises......Page 314
 The #define Statement......Page 316
  Program Extendability......Page 320
  Program Portability......Page 321
  More Advanced Types of Definitions......Page 323
  The # Operator......Page 328
  The ## Operator......Page 329
 The #include Statement......Page 330
  System Include Files......Page 332
  The #ifdef, #endif, #else, and #ifndef Statements......Page 333
  The #if and #elif Preprocessor Statements......Page 335
  The #undef Statement......Page 336
 Exercises......Page 337
 Enumerated Data Types......Page 338
 The typedef Statement......Page 342
 Data Type Conversions......Page 344
  Sign Extension......Page 346
  Argument Conversion......Page 347
 Exercises......Page 348
 Dividing Your Program into Multiple Files......Page 350
  Compiling Multiple Source Files from the Command Line......Page 351
  External Variables......Page 353
  Static Versus Extern Variables and Functions......Page 356
  Using Header Files Effectively......Page 358
  The make Utility......Page 360
  Unix Utilities: ar, grep, sed, and so on......Page 362
15 Input and Output Operations in C......Page 364
  The printf() Function......Page 365
  The scanf() Function......Page 372
  Redirecting I/O to a File......Page 377
  End of File......Page 380
  The fopen Function......Page 381
  The getc() and putc() Functions......Page 383
  The fclose() Function......Page 384
  The fgets() and fputs() Functions......Page 386
  stdin, stdout, and stderr......Page 387
  The exit() Function......Page 388
  Renaming and Removing Files......Page 389
 Exercises......Page 390
  The goto Statement......Page 392
  The null Statement......Page 393
 Working with Unions......Page 394
 The Comma Operator......Page 397
  The restrict Qualifier......Page 398
 Command-line Arguments......Page 399
 Dynamic Memory Allocation......Page 403
  The sizeof Operator......Page 404
  The free Function......Page 406
 Exercises......Page 408
 Debugging with the Preprocessor......Page 410
 Debugging Programs with gdb......Page 416
  Working with Variables......Page 419
  Source File Display......Page 420
  Controlling Program Execution......Page 421
  Getting a Stack Trace......Page 425
  Calling Functions and Setting Arrays and Structures......Page 426
  Getting Help with gdb Commands......Page 427
  Odds and Ends......Page 429
 What Is an Object Anyway?......Page 432
 Instances and Methods......Page 433
 Writing a C Program to Work with Fractions......Page 435
 Defining an Objective-C Class to Work with Fractions......Page 436
 Defining a C++ Class to Work with Fractions......Page 440
 Defining a C# Class to Work with Fractions......Page 443
 1.0 Digraphs and Identifiers......Page 446
 3.0 Constants......Page 448
 4.0 Data Types and Declarations......Page 451
 5.0 Expressions......Page 461
 6.0 Storage Classes and Scope......Page 475
 7.0 Functions......Page 477
 8.0 Statements......Page 479
 9.0 The Preprocessor......Page 483
 Standard Header Files......Page 490
 String Functions......Page 493
 Memory Functions......Page 494
 Character Functions......Page 495
 I/O Functions......Page 496
 In-Memory Format Conversion Functions......Page 501
 String-to-Number Conversion......Page 502
 Dynamic Memory Allocation Functions......Page 503
 Math Functions......Page 504
 General Utility Functions......Page 512
 General Command Format......Page 514
 Command-Line Options......Page 515
D: Common Programming Mistakes......Page 518
 The C Programming Language......Page 524
 C Compilers and Integrated Development Environments......Page 525
 Miscellaneous......Page 526
Index......Page 528
 B......Page 529
 C......Page 530
 D......Page 531
 E......Page 533
 F......Page 534
 G......Page 536
 I......Page 537
 L......Page 538
 O......Page 539
 P......Page 540
 Q-R......Page 541
 S......Page 542
 U......Page 543
 W-Z......Page 544