Programming Arduino Projects with the PIC Microcontroller: A Line-by-Line Code Analysis and Complete Reference Guide for Embedded Programming in C

Table of Contents
About the Author
About the Technical Reviewer
Introduction
Chapter 1: Introducing MPLABX
	MPLABX: The IDE from Microchip
	Creating a Project in MPLABX
	The Configuration Words
	Creating a Header File
	Changing the Fonts and Colors
	The PIC Microcontroller
	The PIC16F88 and the PIC8F4525
	Summary
Chapter 2: Programming Basics
	Good Programming Practice
		Algorithms
		Flowcharts
		Program Listings
	Program 2.1: Turning On and Off an LED
		Algorithm for Program 2.1
		Flowchart for Program 2.1
	The Program Listing
		Creating a Source File
		Adding the Header File
	Program 2.1
		Analysis of Listing 2-1
	Running Program 2.1
	The PIC16F88 Development Board
	The ICSP Circuit
	Testing Program 2.1
	Downloading Our Program
	Summary
Chapter 3: The Seven-Segment Display and the Stepper Motor
	Program 3.1: Controlling a Seven-Segment Display
	Seven-Segment Displays
	Common Anode Seven-Segment Display
	Common Cathode Seven-Segment Display
	Arrangement for a Common Anode Seven-Segment Display
	Controlling the Display with the PIC
	Seven-Segment Display Program
	Algorithm for Program 3.1
	Flowchart for Program 3.1
	Program Listing for the Common Cathode Seven-Segment Display
	Analysis of Listing 3-1
	Program 3.2: 3461BS Common Anode Four Seven-Segment Display Module
	Analysis of Listing 3-2
	The Stepper Motor
	Analysis of Listing 3-3
	Summary
Chapter 4: The Joystick and the Stepper Motor
	Using the Joystick
		The Principal Operation of the Joystick
		The ADCON0 Control Register
		The ADCON1 Register
		The ADCON2 Register
			Example 1: Creating the Required Acquisition Time
			Example 2: TAD Time
		Changing the ADC Input Channels
		Left or Right Justification
	The Joystick Program
		The LCD
		Instruction or Command Mode
		Data Mode
		Bytes and Nibbles
		The Control Pins of the LCD
	Analysis of Listing 4-1
	One-Dimensional Array
		Accessing Data in the Array
		Using Pointers
	Joystick and Stepper Motor
		Analysis of Listing 4-2
	Homemade Prototype Board for the PIC18F4525
	Summary
Chapter 5: DC Motors
	The Speed of the Simple DC Motor
		PWM
		Creating a Square Wave with the PWM Mode
		Creating a 1kHz Square Wave
		The Mark Time or Duty Cycle
		The TMR2 Preset Value
		Storing a Ten-Bit Number
		Analysis of Listing 5-1
	The Variable-Speed DC Motor Program
		Analysis of Listing 5-2
		A Two-Directional DC Motor Program
		Using the L293D Driver IC
		Controlling a Two-Wheel Drive System
		Analysis of Listing 5-3
	Controlling a Servo Motor
		Analysis of Listing 5-4
	Summary
Chapter 6: Ultrasonic Distance, and Humidity and Temperature Sensors
	Using the Ultrasonic Sensor
		The Basic Principle of Operation
		The Principal Operation of the Program
		Analysis of Listing 6-1
	The DHT11 Humidity and Temperature Sensor
		Communicating with the DHT11
		The Use of a Pull Up Resistor
		Checking the Timing of the Pulses
		Analysis of Listing 6-3
	Summary
Chapter 7: Working with Keypads
	Traditional 3 × 4 Keypad Entry
		The Need for Pull Up or Pull Down
		Pull Down Resistors
		Pull Up Resistors
		Traditional Keypad Program
		Analysis of Listing 7-1
		Switch Bounce
	The Membrane 4 × 4 Keypad
	The 8 × 8 Dot Matrix Board
		Analysis of Listing 7-3
		Creating the Data for Each Row in the Two-Dimensional Array
	Summary
Chapter 8: Using Bluetooth with PIR Motion Sensors
	The HC-06 Module
		Matching 5V to 3.3V
		The Default Settings of the HC-06
		The HC-05 Bluetooth Module
		Connecting the PIC to a Mobile Phone via the HC-06
	The UART
		Analysis of Listing 8-1
		An Important Distinction
	Using the Mobile APP Bluetooth Terminal
		Changing the PIN on the HC-06
		Using AT Commands
			Using Tera Term to Change the PIN
		Using PuTTY to Program the HC-06
	Programming the HC-06 with AT Command from the PIC Micro
		Analysis of Listing 8-2
	The HC-SR501 PIR Motion Sensor
		Analysis of Listing 8-3
	Summary
Chapter 9: Communication
	Getting the PIC to Communicate with  Other Devices
		The SPI Mode
		The Buffer Full (BF) Flag in the SSPSTAT Register
		Synchronizing the Sequence
		SSPSTAT Register
		The SSPCON1 Register
	Using the SPI to Read from the TC72
		Operating Modes for the TC72
		The Registers of the TC72
		The Algorithm for Using the TC72
		Displaying the Temperature Reading
		Binary Numbers
			Adding Binary Numbers
		Analysis of Listing 9-1
		Reading the Temperature from the TC72
		Examples of the 2’s Complement Process
	Using the Sprintf Function
		Analysis of Listing 9-2
		Comparing the Two Approaches
	Using the PIC18f4525 as the Slave
		Analysis of Listing 9-3
		Analysis of Listing 9-4
	Summary
Chapter 10: Using the I2C Protocol
	I2C Communication Protocol
	EEPROM
		24LC256 EEPROM
		Writing to the EEPROM
		Reading from the EEPROM
	TC74 Temperature Sensor
		Reading the Temperature
	Using I2C with 24LC256 and TC74
		Analysis of Listing 10-1
		That Little Thought
	Summary
Chapter 11: Using the UART
	UART at a Glance
		Interrupts and How They Work
		Analysis of Listing 11-1
	The Baud Rate
	Using Tera Term
	Using Handshaking
		Analysis of Listing 11-2
	Two PICs Communicate via the UART
		Analysis of Listing 11-3
	Summary
Chapter 12: Real-Time Clock and Interrupts
	The RTC Program
		Analysis of Listing 12-1
	The DS1307 RTC Module
		Setting Up and Reading from the DS1307
			The I2C Protocol
		Writing to the Slave
			The Start Bit
			The Address Bits and Control Bit in the First Byte
			The Acknowledgment Bit
			The Data Byte
			The Stop Bit
		Reading from the Slave
		The NACK or Not Acknowledgment Bit
		Analysis of Listing 12-2
	TM1637 and the Four Seven-Segment Display
		The TM1367 Driver IC
		Analysis of Listing 12-3
	Summary
Chapter 13: Working with LCDs
	Creating Your Own Characters on an LCD
		The Pixel Maps
		A Simple Exercise
		Analysis of Listing 13-1
	The CCP Module
		Algorithm for the Bike Speed Program
		The Speed of a Bicycle
		Analysis of Listing 13-2
	Finding the Program Instructions
		Program Counter and the Stack
		The Stack
		The Vector Table and the ISR
	Summary
Chapter 14: Analyzing Obscure Instructions and Logic Operators in C
	Obscure C Instructions
		Analysis of Listing 14-1
	Some Logic Operators
		& Symbol
		Testing the Programs in MPLABX
		Analysis of Listing 14-3
		The && Operator
		The ‘|’ Operator
	The ‘||’ Operator
		The ^ EXOR or Exclusive OR
		The &= Function
		The |= Function
		The ‘%’ or Modulus or Remainder Operator
		The ‘~’ Or 1’s Complement
		The ‘<>n’ Operator
	Summary
Appendix: Additional Insights
	Data Types and Memory
	The Program Memory Area
	The Data RAM
	The Data EEPROM
		Variables
	Appendix A: Data Types
	Appendix B: Some Useful Definitions
	Appendix C: Mathematical and Logic Operators
	Appendix D: Keywords
	Appendix E: Numbering Systems Within Microprocessor-Based Systems
		Introduction
		Binary Numbers
			Converting Decimal to Binary
		Adding and Subtracting Binary Numbers
			Subtracting Binary Numbers
		The Hexadecimal Number System
	Appendix F: Building Circuit Boards
		Preparation
			The Circuit Diagram
			The Vero Board Plan
			Preparing to Solder
			Tinning the Components
			Soldering the Components
				Patience and Practice
	Appendix G: The LCD Header File for Eight-Bit Mode
	Appendix H: The ASCII Character Set
	Appendix I: The LCD Instruction Set
Index