Programmable Controllers: Theory and Implementation

Section One - Introductory Concepts
	Chapter 1 Introduction to Programmable Controllers
		1-1 Definition
		1-2 A Historical Background
		1-3 Principles of Operation
		1-4 PLCs Versus Other Types of Controls
		1-5 PLC Product Application Ranges
		1-6 Ladder Diagrams and the PLC
		1-7 Advantages of PLCs
	Chapter 2 Number Systems and Codes
		2-1 Number Systems
		2-2 Number Conversions
		2-3 One\'s and Two\'s Complement
		2-4 Binary Codes
		2-5 Register Word Formats
	Chapter 3 Logic Concepts
		3-1 The Binary Concept
		3-2 Logic Functions
		3-3 Principles of Boolean Algebra and Logic
		3-4 PLC Circuits and Logic Contact Symbology
Section Two - Components and Systems
	Chapter 4 Processors, the Power Supply, and Programming Devices
		4-1 Introduction
		4-2 Processors
		4-3 Processor Scan
		4-4 Error Checking and Diagnostics
		4-5 The System Power Supply
		4-6 Programming Devices
	Chapter 5 The Memory System and I/O Interaction
		5-1 Memory Overview
		5-2 Memory Types
		5-3 Memory Structure and Capacity
		5-4 Memory Organization and I/O Interaction
		5-5 Configuring the PLC Memory—I/O Addressing
		5-6 Summary of Memory, Scanning, and I/O Interaction
		5-7 Memory Considerations
	Chapter 6 The Discrete Input/Output System
		6-1 Introduction to Discrete I/O Systems
		6-2 I/O Rack Enclosures and Table Mapping
		6-3 Remote I/O Systems
		6-4 PLC Instructions for Discrete Inputs
		6-5 Types of Discrete Inputs
		6-6 PLC Instructions for Discrete Outputs
		6-7 Discrete Outputs
		6-8 Discrete Bypass/Control Stations
		6-9 Interpreting I/O Specifications
		6-10 Summary of Discrete I/O
	Chapter 7 The Analog Input/Output System
		7-1 Overview of Analog Input Signals
		7-2 Instructions for Analog Input Modules
		7-3 Analog Input Data Representation
		7-4 Analog Input Data Handling
		7-5 Analog Input Connections
		7-6 Overview of Analog Output Signals
		7-7 Instructions for Analog Output Modules
		7-8 Analog Output Data Representation
		7-9 Analog Output Data Handling
		7-10 Analog Output Connections
		7-11 Analog Output Bypass/Control Stations
	Chapter 8 Special Function I/O and Serial Communication Interfacing
		8-1 Introduction to Special I/O Modules
		8-2 Special Discrete Interfaces
		8-3 Special Analog, Temperature, and PID Interfaces
		8-4 Positioning Interfaces
		8-5 ASCII, Computer, and Network Interfaces
		8-6 Fuzzy Logic Interfaces
		8-7 Peripheral Interfacing
Section Three - PLC Programming
	Chapter 9 Programming Languages
		9-1 Introduction to Programming Languages
		9-2 Types of PLC Languages
		9-3 Ladder Diagram Format
		9-4 Ladder Relay Instructions
		9-5 Ladder Relay Programming
		9-6 Timers and Counters
		9-7 Timer Instructions
		9-8 Counter Instructions
		9-9 Program/Flow Control Instructions
		9-10 Arithmetic Instructions
		9-11 Data Manipulation Instructions
		9-12 Data Transfer Instructions
		9-13 Special Function Instructions
		9-14 Network Communication Instructions
		9-15 Boolean Mnemonics
	Chapter 10 The IEC 1131 Standard and Programming Language
		10-1 Introduction to the IEC 1131
		10-2 IEC 1131-3 Programming Languages
		10-3 Sequential Function Chart Programming
		10-4 Types of Step Actions
		10-5 IEC 1131-3 Software Systems
		10-6 Summary
	Chapter 11 System Programming and Implementation
		11-1 Control Task Definition
		11-2 Control Strategy
		11-3 Implementation Guidelines
		11-4 Program Organization and Implementation
		11-5 Discrete I/O Control Programming
		11-6 Analog I/O Control Programming
		11-7 Short Programming Examples
	Chapter 12 PLC System Documentation
		12-1 Introduction to Documentation
		12-2 Steps for Documentation
		12-3 PLC Documentation Systems
		12-4 Conclusion
Section Four - PLC Process Applications
	Chapter 13 Data Measurements and Transducers
		13-1 Basic Measurement Concepts
		13-2 Interpreting Errors in Measurements
		13-3 Transducer Measurements
		13-4 Thermal Transducers
		13-5 Displacement Transducers
		13-6 Pressure Transducers
		13-7 Flow Transducers
		13-8 Vibration Transducers
		13-9 Summary
	Chapter 14 Process Responses and Transfer Functions
		14-1 Process Control Basics
		14-2 Control System Parameters
		14-3 Process Dynamics
		14-4 Laplace Transform Basics
		14-5 Dead Time Responses in Laplace Form
		14-6 Lag Responses in Laplace Form
	Chapter 15 Process Controllers and Loop tuning
		15-1 Introduction
		15-2 Controller Actions
		15-3 Discrete-Mode Controllers
		15-4 Continuous-Mode Controllers
		15-5 Proportional Controllers (PMode)
		15-6 Integral Controllers (I Mode)
		15-7 Proportional-Integral Controllers (PI Mode)
		15-8 Derivative Controllers (D Mode)
		15-9 Proportional-Derivative Controllers (PD Mode)
		15-10 Proportional-Integral-Derivative Controllers (PID Mode)
		15-11 Advanced Control Systems
		15-12 Controller Loop Tuning
		15-13 Summary
Section Five - Advanced PLC Topics and Networks
	Chapter 16 Artificial Intelligence and PLC Systems
		16-1 Introduction to AI Systems
		16-2 Types of AI Systems
		16-3 Organizational Structure of an AI System
		16-4 Knowledge Representation
		16-5 Knowledge Inference
		16-6 AI Fault Diagnostics Application
	Chapter 17 Fuzzy Logic
		17-1 Introduction to Fuzzy Logic
		17-2 History of Fuzzy Logic
		17-3 Fuzzy Logic Operation
		17-4 Fuzzy Logic Control Components
		17-5 Fuzzy Logic Control Example
		17-6 Fuzzy Logic Design Guidelines
	Chapter 18 Local Area Networks
		18-1 History of Local Area Networks
		18-2 Principles of Local Area Networks
		18-3 Network Topologies
		18-4 Network Access Methods
		18-5 Communication Media
		18-6 Understanding Network Specifications
		18-7 Network Protocols
		18-8 Network Testing and Troubleshooting
		18-9 Network Comparison and Selection Criteria
	Chapter 19 I/O Bus Networks
		19-1 Introduction to I/O Bus Networks
		19-2 Types of I/O Bus Networks
		19-3 Advantages of I/O Bus Networks
		19-4 Device Bus Networks
		19-5 Process Bus Networks
		19-6 I/O Bus Installation and Wiring Connections
		19-7 Summary of I/O Bus Networks
Section Six - Installation and Start-Up
	Chapter 20 PLC Start-Up and Maintenance
		20-1 PLC System Layout
		20-2 Power Requirements and Safety Circuitry
		20-3 Noise, Heat, and Voltage Requirements
		20-4 I/O Installation, Wiring, and Precautions
		20-5 PLC Start-Up and Checking Procedures
		20-6 PLC System Maintenance
		20-7 Troubleshooting the PLC System
	Chapter 21 System Selection Guidelines
		21-1 Introduction to PLC System Selection
		21-2 PLC Sizes and Scopes of Applications
		21-3 Process Control System Definition
		21-4 Other Considerations
		21-5 Summary
Appendices
	Appendix A: Logic Symbols, Truth Tables, and Equivalent Ladder Logic Diagrams
	Appendix B: ASCII Reference
	Appendix C: Electrical Relay Diagram Symbols
	Appendix D: P&ID Symbols
	Appendix E: Equation of a Line and Number Tables
	Appendix F: Abbreviations and Acronyms
	Appendix G: Voltage-Current Laplace Transfer Function Relationships
Glossary
Index