Programmable Controllers, Third Edition: An Engineer's Guide

Front Cover......Page 1
Programmable Controllers: An Engineer\'s Guide......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 12
1.2 Types of control strategies......Page 14
1.3 Enter the computer......Page 19
1.4 Input/output connections......Page 34
1.5 Remote I/O......Page 42
1.6 The advantages of PLC control......Page 44
2.1 Introduction......Page 46
2.2 The program scan......Page 49
2.3 Identification of input/output and bit addresses......Page 53
2.4 Programming methods......Page 61
2.5 Bit storage......Page 71
2.6 Timers......Page 76
2.7 Counters......Page 80
2.8 Numerical applications......Page 85
2.9 Combinational and event-driven logic......Page 94
2.10 Micro PLCs......Page 108
2.11 IEC 1131-3, towards a common standard......Page 112
2.12 Programming software......Page 118
2.13 Programming software tools......Page 122
3.1 Introduction......Page 128
3.2 Software engineering......Page 129
3.3 Top-down design......Page 131
3.4 Program structure in various PLCs......Page 132
3.5 Housekeeping and good software practice......Page 141
3.6 Speeding up the PLC scan time......Page 148
4.2 Common analog signals......Page 153
4.3 Signals and standards......Page 162
4.4 Analog interfacing......Page 164
4.5 Analog output signals......Page 173
4.6 Analog-related program functions......Page 176
4.7 Closed loop control......Page 177
4.8 Specialist control processors......Page 185
4.9 Bar codes......Page 186
4.11 Intelligent modules......Page 191
4.12 Installation notes......Page 192
5.1 Parallel and serial communications......Page 195
5.2 Serial standards......Page 198
5.3 Area networks......Page 218
5.4 The ISO/OSI model......Page 225
5.5 Proprietary systems......Page 227
5.6 Safety and practical considerations......Page 237
5.7 Fibre optics......Page 240
6.1 Introduction......Page 245
6.2 Simple digital control and indicators......Page 247
6.3 Numerical outputs and inputs......Page 249
6.4 Alarm annunciation......Page 255
6.5 Analog indication......Page 260
6.6 Computer graphics......Page 263
6.8 SCADA packages......Page 284
7.1 Introduction......Page 289
7.2 Bus-based machines......Page 290
7.3 Programming for real time control......Page 298
7.4 Soft PLCs......Page 305
8.2 Safety......Page 306
8.3 Design criteria......Page 333
8.4 Constructional notes......Page 335
8.5 Maintenance and fault finding......Page 344
8.6 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and CE marking......Page 367
8.7 Other programmable devices......Page 372
9.1 Introduction......Page 375
9.2 One Shot......Page 377
9.3 Toggle action......Page 378
9.4 Alarm annunciator......Page 381
9.5 First order filter......Page 383
9.6 Level control......Page 386
9.7 Linearization......Page 393
9.8 How totalization......Page 398
9.9 Scaling......Page 404
9.10 Gray code conversion......Page 407
9.11 BCD to Binary conversion......Page 411
9.12 Binary to BCD conversion......Page 413
9.13 A hydraulic system......Page 416
Appendix: Number systems......Page 429
Index......Page 434