Professional nursing concepts: competencies for quality leadership

Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Acknowledgments
Preface
Section 1: The Profession of Nursing
	Chapter 1 Professional Nursing: History and Development of the Nursing Profession
		Introduction
		From Past to Present: Nursing History
			The History Surrounding the Development of Nursing as a Profession
				Early History
				Rise of Christianity and the Middle Ages
				Renaissance and the Enlightenment
				Industrial Revolution
				Colonization of America and the Growth of Nursing in the United States
			Nurse Leaders: History in the Making
			Themes: Looking into the Nursing Profession\'s History
		Professionalism: Critical Professional Concepts and Activities
			Nursing as a Profession
			Sources of Professional Direction
			Professional Nursing Associations
				Major Nursing Associations
				Why Belong to a Nursing Professional Organization?
			Nursing Workforce
		The Image of Nursing
		Chapter Highlights
		Engaging in the Content
		Critical Thinking Activities
		Electronic Reflection Journal
		Case Studies
			Working Backward to Develop a Case
		References
	Chapter 2 The Essence of Nursing: Knowledge and Caring
		Introduction
		Nursing: How Do We Define It?
		Knowledge and Caring
			Knowledge
			Knowledge Management
				Critical Thinking and Clinical Thinking and Judgment: Impact on Knowledge Development and Application
			Caring
			Competency
		Scholarship in Nursing
			What Does Scholarship Mean?
			Nursing Theory
			Nursing Research
			Professional Literature
			New Modalities of Scholarship
		Multiple Nursing Roles and Leadership
			Key Nursing Roles
				Provider of Care
				Educator
				Counselor
				Manager
				Researcher
				Collaborator
				Change Agent (Intrapreneur)
				Entrepreneur
				Patient Advocate
				Leader
			Summary Points: Roles and What Is Required
		Chapter Highlights
		Engaging in the Content
		Critical Thinking Activities
		Electronic Reflection Journal
		Case Studies
			Working Backward to Develop a Case
		References
	Chapter 3 Nursing Education, Accreditation, and Regulation
		Introduction
		Nursing Education
			A Brief History of Nursing Education
			Major Nursing Reports: Improving Nursing Education
			Entry into Practice: A Long Debate
			Differentiated Nursing Practice
		Types of Nursing Education Programs
			Diploma Schools of Nursing
			Associate Degree in Nursing
			Baccalaureate Degree in Nursing
			Master\'s Degree in Nursing
			Research-Based Doctoral Degree in Nursing
			Doctor of Nursing Practice
		Nursing Education Associations
			National League for Nursing
			American Association of Colleges of Nursing
			Organization for Associate Degree Nursing
		Quality and Excellence in Nursing Education
			Nursing Education Standards
			NLN Excellence in Nursing Education
			Focus on Competencies
			Curriculum
				Didactic or Theory Content
				Practicum or Clinical Experience
				Distance Education
		Accreditation of Nursing Education Programs
		Critical Nursing Education Problems
			Faculty Shortage
			Access to Clinical Experiences
			A Response and Innovation: Laboratory Experiences and Clinical Simulation
		Transforming Nursing Education
		Interprofessional Healthcare Education
		Regulation
			Nurse Practice Acts
			State Boards of Nursing
			National Council of State Boards of Nursing
			Licensure Requirements
			National Council Licensure Examination
			Critical Current and Future Regulation Issues
				Nurse Licensure Compact
				Mandatory Overtime
				Foreign Nursing Graduates: Entrance to Practice in the United States
				Global Health Regulatory Issues
		Chapter Highlights
		Engaging in the Content
		Critical Thinking Activities
		Electronic Reflection Journal
		Case Studies
			Working Backward to Develop a Case
		References
	Chapter 4 Success in Your Nursing Education Program
		Introduction
		Your Pursuit of a Profession: Making the Most of Your Educational Experience to Reach Graduation and Licensure
		Roles of the Student and the Faculty
		Student Learning Styles
		Tools for Success
			Time Management
			Study Skills
				Preparation
				Reading
				Using Class Time Effectively
				Using the Internet
				Preparing Written Assignments and Team Projects
				Preparing to Take Quizzes and Exams
				Participating in Team Discussions in the Classroom and Online
			Networking and Mentoring
		Clinical Learning Experiences
			Clinical Lab and Simulation
			Clinical Experiences or Practicums
		Additional Learning Experiences to Expand Graduate Competency
			Cooperative Experiences
			Nurse Internships/Externships
			Nurse Residency Programs
		Lifelong Learning for the Professional
		Certification and Credentialing
		Caring for Self
		Chapter Highlights
		Engaging in the Content
		Critical Thinking Activities
		Electronic Reflection Journal
		Case Studies
			Working Backward to Develop a Case
		References
Section 2: The Healthcare Context
	Chapter 5 Health Policy and Political Action
		Introduction
		Importance of Health Policy and Political Action
			Definitions
			Policy: Relevance to the Nation\'s Health and to Nursing
			General Descriptors of U.S. Health Policy
		Examples of Critical Healthcare Policy Issues
			Cost of Health Care
			Healthcare Quality
			Disparities in Health Care
			Consumers
			Commercialization of Health Care
			Reimbursement for Nursing Care
			Immigration and the Nursing Workforce
		Nursing Agenda: Addressing Health Policy Issues
		The Policy-Making Process
		The Political Process
			Nurses\' Role in the Political Process: Impact on Healthcare Policy
			Getting into the Political System and Making It Work for Nursing
		Patient Protection and the Affordable Care Act of 2010
		Chapter Highlights
		Engaging in the Content
		Critical Thinking Activities
		Electronic Reflection Journal
		Case Studies
			Working Backward to Develop a Case
		References
	Chapter 6 Ethics and Legal Issues
		Introduction
		Ethics and Ethical Principles
			Definitions
			Ethical Principles
			Ethical Decision Making
			Professional Ethics and Nursing Practice
			American Nurses Association Code of Ethics
			Reporting Incompetent, Unethical, or Illegal Practices
		Critical Ethical Issues in Healthcare Delivery
			Healthcare Fraud and Abuse
			Ethics and Research
				Research: Informed Consent
				Research: Risk of Physical Harm
				Research: Risk of Psychological Harm
				Research: Risk of Social and Economic Harm
			Organizational Ethics
		Legal Issues: An Overview
			Critical Terminology
			Malpractice: Why Should This Concern You?
		Examples of Issues with Ethical and Legal Implications
			Privacy, Confidentiality, and Informed Consent
			Rationing Care: Who Can Access Care when Needed
			Advance Directives, Living Wills, Medical Powers of Attorney, and Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders
			Organ Transplantation
			Assisted Suicide
			Social Media and Ethical and Legal Issues: A New Concern
		Chapter Highlights
		Engaging in the Content
		Critical Thinking Activities
		Electronic Reflection Journal
		Case Studies
			Working Backward to Develop a Case
		References
	Chapter 7 Health Promotion, Disease Prevention, and Illness: A Community Perspective
		Introduction
		A National Initiative to Improve the Nation\'s Health: Healthy People 2020
		Public/Community Healthcare Delivery System
			Structure and Function of the Public/Community Healthcare Delivery System
			Continuum of Care
			Continuity of Care
			Individual, Family, and Community Health
			Access to Care
			Across the Life Span
			Health Disparities
			Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
				Health Promotion
				Disease Prevention
		Important Concepts
			Patient as Focus of Care and Member of the Healthcare Team
			Vulnerable Populations
			Health and Illness
			Stress, Coping, Adaptation, and Resilience: A Public/Community Perspective
			Acute Illness
			Greater Emphasis on Chronic Disease
			Medical Home Model
			Self-Management
			Health Literacy
		Multiple Perspectives of Public/Community Health Services
			Community Emergency Preparedness
			Managing Population Health
			Migrant and Immigrant Issues
			Home Health Care
			School Health
			Rehabilitation
			Extended Care, Long-Term Care, and Elder Care
			End-of-Life Care and Palliative Care
			Case Management
			Occupational Health Care
			Complementary and Alternative Therapies or Integrative Medicine
			Genetics
		The Changing Nature of Public/Community Health Problems
			Violence in Communities
			Opioid Epidemic
		Global Healthcare Concerns and International Nursing
		Chapter Highlights
		Engaging in the Content
		Critical Thinking Activities
		Electronic Reflection Journal
		Case Studies
			Working Backward to Develop a Case
		References
	Chapter 8 The Healthcare Delivery System: Focus on Acute Care
		Introduction
		Corporatization of Health Care: How Did We Get Here?
		The Healthcare Organization
			Structure and Process
			Classification of Hospitals
			Typical Departments in a Hospital
		Healthcare Providers: Who Is on the Team?
		Healthcare Financial Issues
			The Nation\'s Health Care: Financial Status (Macro View)
			The Individual Healthcare Organization and Its Financial Needs (Micro View)
			Reimbursement: Who Pays for Health Care?
				The Third-Party Payer System
				Government Reimbursement of Healthcare Services
			The Uninsured and the Underinsured
		The Nursing Organization Within the Hospital
		Organizational Culture
		Changes in Healthcare Delivery
		Chapter Highlights
		Engaging in the Content
		Critical Thinking Activities
		Electronic Reflection Journal
		Case Studies
			Working Backward to Develop a Case
		References
Section 3: Core Healthcare Professional Competencies
	Chapter 9 Provide Patient-Centered Care
		Introduction
		The Competency: Provide Patient-Centered Care
			Support of Patient-Centered Care
			Levels of Patient-Centered Care
			Does a Patient-Centered Healthcare System Exist in the United States?
			Related Nursing Theories
		Consumerism: How Does It Affect Health Care and Nursing?
			Who Are the Consumers or Customers?
			Patient Rights
			Information Resources and Consumers
			Patient Satisfaction
		Culture, Diversity, and Disparities in Health Care
			Culture
			Cultural Competence
			Disparities in Health Care
			Disparities: Examples and Importance
			Diversity in the Healthcare Workforce
		Patient Advocacy
		Care Coordination: A Plan of Care
		Application of Critical Thinking and Clinical Reasoning and Judgment
			Nursing Process
				Assessment
				Diagnosis
				Planning
				Implementation
				Evaluation
			Care/Concept Mapping
		Self-Management of Care
			Health Literacy: A Barrier
			Patient/Family Education: Inclusion in the Plan of Care
		Therapeutic Use of Self in the Nurse–Patient Relationship
		Chapter Highlights
		Engaging in the Content
		Critical Thinking Activities
		Electronic Reflection Journal
		Case Studies
			Working Backward to Develop a Case
		References
	Chapter 10 Work in Interprofessional Teams
		Introduction
		The Core Competency: Work in Interprofessional Teams
		Teamwork
			Clarification of Terms
			Microsystem
			Team Leadership
			Development of Effective Teams
		Improving Team Communication
			Overview of Communication
			Formal Meetings
			Debriefing
			Assertiveness
			Listening
			Mindful Communication
			SBAR
			Checklists
		Healthcare Team Members: Which Knowledge and Competencies Do They Need?
		Teams and Decision Making
		Collaboration
		Coordination
			Barriers and Competencies Related to Coordination
			Tools to Improve Coordination
		Incivility in Healthcare Work Environment
		Delegation
			Importance of Delegation
			Five Delegation Rights
			Delegation Principles
			Evaluation of Effective Delegation
		Change
		Conflict and Conflict Resolution
		Power and Empowerment
		Chapter Highlights
		Engaging in the Content
		Critical Thinking Activities
		Electronic Reflection Journal
		Case Studies
			Working Backward to Develop a Case
		References
	Chapter 11 Employ Evidence-Based Practice
		Introduction
		The Competency: Employ Evidence-Based Practice
		Nursing Research
			Historical Background
			National Institute of Nursing Research
			The Research Process
			Types of Research Design
			Research Funding
			Ethics and Legal Issues
			Barriers to and Facilitators of Research
			Other Influential Organizations: Impact on Research
		Evidence-Based Practice
			Definitions
			Types of EBP Literature
			Searching for EBP Literature: Evidence
			The Roles of Staff Nurses Related to Systematic Reviews
		Evidence-Based Management
		Improving EBP Implementation
		Tools to Ensure a Higher Level of Use of EBP
			Policies and Procedures Based on EBP
			Clinical Guidelines Based on EBP
		Confusion: Difference in Research, EBP, and Quality Improvement
		Importance of EBP to the Nursing Profession
		Impact of Evidence-Based Practice over the Last Decade
			Nursing Practice and Management
			Nursing Education
			Government Initiatives Supporting Research and EBP
		Applying EBP as a Student
		Chapter Highlights
		Engaging in the Content
		Critical Thinking Activities
		Electronic Reflection
		Case Studies
			Working Backward to Develop a Case
		References
	Chapter 12 Apply Quality Improvement
		Introduction
		The Competency: Apply Quality Improvement
		Quality Health Care
			To Err Is Human: Impact on Safety
			Crossing the Quality Chasm: Impact on Quality Care
			Envisioning the National Healthcare Quality Report: Need for Monitoring
			Defining Quality Health Care
		Safety in Health Care
			Critical Safety Terms
			A Culture of Safety and a Blame-Free Work Environment
			Staff Safety
		Quality Improvement
		Examples of Safety Initiatives
			The Joint Commission
			Healthcare Report Cards
		National Quality Strategy
		Federal Initiatives to Improve Care: Hospital-Acquired Conditions and 30-Day Unplanned Readmissions
		Examples of High-Risk Healthcare Activities
			Medication Administration
			Care Transitions and Handoffs
			Failure to Rescue
			Alarm/Alert Fatigue
			Missed Nursing Care
		Tools and Methods to Monitor and Improve Healthcare Delivery
			Utilization Review/Management
			Benchmarking
			Assessment of Access to Healthcare Services
			Medication Reconciliation
			Standardized Communication Methods
			Rounds
			Incident Reports
			Sentinel Events
		Measurement and Analysis
			Data Collection
			Analysis
		Patient Outcomes and Nursing Care: Do We Make a Difference in Quality Improvement?
		Chapter Highlights
		Engaging in the Content
		Critical Thinking Activities
		Case Studies
		Electronic Reflection Journal
			Working Backward to Develop a Case
		References
	Chapter 13 Utilize Informatics
		Introduction
		The Core Competency: Utilize Informatics
		The Federal Health Informatics Reports
		Informatics
			Description and Definitions
			Nursing Standards: Scope and Standards of Nursing Informatics
			Certification in Informatics Nursing
			Informatics: Impact on Care
			Implications for Nursing Education and Nursing Research
		Documentation
		Meaningful Use
		Standardized Terminology
		Systems and Terminologies
		Informatics: Types and Methods
			Automated Dispensing of Medications and Bar Coding
			Computerized Monitoring of Adverse Events
			Electronic Medical/Health Records
			Clinical Provider Order-Entry System
			Clinical Decision Support Systems
			Tablets and Smartphones
			Computer-Based Reminder Systems
			Access to Patient Records at the Point of Care
			Internet Prescriptions
			Nurse Call Systems
			Voice Mail and Texting
			Telephone for Advice and Other Services
			Internet or Virtual Appointments
			Online Support Groups for Patients and Families
		The Future of Health Informatics and Medical Technology
			Nanotechnology
			Wearable Computing
			Telehealth and Remote Telemetry Monitoring
			Robotics
			Genetics and Genomics
			Medical Devices
		HIPAA: Ensuring Confidentiality
		High-Touch Care versus High-Tech Care
		Nursing Leadership in Health Informatics
		Chapter Highlights
		Engaging in the Content
		Critical Thinking Activities
		Electronic Reflection Journal
		Case Studies
			Working Backward to Develop a Case
		References
Section 4: The Practice of Nursing Today and in the Future
	Chapter 14 The Future: Transformation of Nursing Practice through Leadership
		Introduction
		Leadership and Management in Nursing
			Leadership Models and Theories
			Shared Governance: Empowering Nursing Staff
			Leadership versus Management
			Nursing Management Positions
		Factors that Influence Leadership
			Generational Issues in Nursing: Impact on Image
			Power and Empowerment
			Assertiveness
			Advocacy in Leadership
		Scope of Practice: A Profession of Multiple Settings, Positions, and Specialties
			Multiple Settings and Positions
			Nursing Specialties
		Advanced Practice Registered Nurse: Changing Scope of Practice
		Professional Practice
			Differentiated Nursing Practice
			Examples of Professional Practice Models
		Impact of Legislation/Regulation/Policy on Nursing Leadership and Practice
		Economic Value and the Nursing Profession
		The Nursing Work Environment
			The Work Environment and Leadership
			Workforce Issues and Effective Staffing
			Interprofessional Teams and the Work Environment
			Improving the Work Environment
			Finding the Right Workplace for You
		Quality Improvement and Nursing Leadership
			Transforming Care at the Bedside
			Magnet Recognition Program®
		Moving the Profession Forward: Students Are the Future of Nursing
			The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health
			Progress Report on The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health
			Student Leadership
		Chapter Highlights
		Engaging in the Content
		Critical Thinking Activities
		Electronic Reflection Journal
		Case Studies
			Working Backward to Develop a Case
		References
Appendix A Quality Improvement Measurement and Analysis Methods
Appendix B Staffing and a Healthy Work Environment
Appendix C Getting the Right Position
Glossary
Index