Professional Level Rock Physics for Seismic Amplitude Interpretation

Professional Level Rock Physics for Seismic Amplitude Interpretation......Page p0001.djvu
1. Introduction......Page p0003.djvu
2. Fundamentals......Page p0008.djvu
2.1 Seismic Basics......Page p0010.djvu
2.2 Approach to Seismic Modelling......Page p0013.djvu
Aspects of Seismic Amplitude Interpretation......Page p0014.djvu
2.3 Elastic Parameters......Page p0017.djvu
2.4 Modelling Seismic Reflectivity......Page p0020.djvu
2.5. Types of Seismic Models......Page p0025.djvu
2.6. Relating Seismic Data to Models......Page p0026.djvu
3. Rock Properties and AVO......Page p0032.djvu
3.1 AVO Response Description......Page p0034.djvu
Practical Polarity Conventions  and AVO Classes......Page p0036.djvu
3.2 Rock Property Controls on AVO......Page p0040.djvu
4. Rock Physics, AVO and Seismic Interpretation......Page p0052.djvu
4.1. Seismic Interpretation and AVO......Page p0054.djvu
4.2 Trend Curves and the Stratigraphic Context of AVO Models......Page p0057.djvu
4.3 Some Examples......Page p0058.djvu
5. Characteristics of Seismic Wavelets......Page p0066.djvu
5.1 Seismic Data - Bandwidth and Phase......Page p0068.djvu
5.2 Zero Phase and Minimum Phase......Page p0069.djvu
5.4 Idealized Wavelets......Page p0070.djvu
5.5. Wavelet Phase and Processing......Page p0071.djvu
5.7 Enhancing Frequency Content......Page p0072.djvu
6. Resolution......Page p0074.djvu
6.1 The Problem of Interference......Page p0076.djvu
6.2 Temporal Resolution......Page p0077.djvu
6.4 Vertical Resolution and Depth......Page p0079.djvu
6.5 The Effect of Wavelet Shape and Filter Slopes on Resolution......Page p0080.djvu
6.6 Thickness Prediction from Seismic......Page p0081.djvu
6.7 Net Pay Prediction in Isolated Thin Beds......Page p0082.djvu
6.8 Lateral Resolution......Page p0083.djvu
6.9 Resolution - Sections vs. Maps......Page p0084.djvu
7. Well Ties......Page p0086.djvu
7.1 The Well Tie Process......Page p0088.djvu
7.2 A Quantitative Approach to Well Ties......Page p0091.djvu
7.3 The Need for Precision in Well Ties - two examples......Page p0095.djvu
7.4 Practical Issues......Page p0096.djvu
8. Deriving Inputs forSeismic Models......Page p0104.djvu
8.1 Introduction......Page p0106.djvu
8.2 Gassmanns\' Equation......Page p0108.djvu
8.3 Gassmann with Log Data - a General Workflow......Page p0110.djvu
8.4 Practical Gassmann Scenarios......Page p0139.djvu
8.6 A Discussion of Rock Models......Page p0148.djvu
8.7 Log Editing......Page p0154.djvu
9. Detailed SeismicModelling......Page p0162.djvu
9.1 Discussion......Page p0164.djvu
10. Seismic TraceInversion......Page p0170.djvu
10.2 Seismic Data and Bandlimited Impedance......Page p0172.djvu
Polarity Conventions......Page p0176.djvu
10.3. Towards Absolute Impedance from Seismic......Page p0181.djvu
10.4 Broadband Inversion......Page p0183.djvu
10.5 Interpretation Issues......Page p0192.djvu
11. AVO Analysis......Page p0194.djvu
11.1 Introduction......Page p0196.djvu
11.2 Conventional Intercept-Gradient AVO Analysis......Page p0197.djvu
11.3 Seismic Processing Issues......Page p0216.djvu
11.4 Other Reflectivity Techniques......Page p0223.djvu
11.5 Elastic Inversion......Page p0228.djvu
12. Rock Physics and Probability......Page p0244.djvu
12.1 Introduction......Page p0246.djvu
12.2 A Workflow......Page p0247.djvu
13. Rock Physics and Time Lapse Seismic......Page p0258.djvu
13.1 Introduction......Page p0260.djvu
13.2 Which Reservoirs are Candidates for Time-lapse?......Page p0261.djvu
13.3 Two Important Rock Physics Issues......Page p0265.djvu
14. Anisotropy......Page p0272.djvu
14.1 Types of Anisotropy - What is Anisotropy?......Page p0274.djvu
14.3 VTI in Real Rocks......Page p0276.djvu
14.4 Effect of VTI on Seismic Imaging......Page p0278.djvu
14.5 Effect of VTI on Seismic Amplitude......Page p0281.djvu
14.6 Another Complication - Attenuation......Page p0282.djvu
14.8 Azimuthal Anisotropy and the Phenomonen of Shear Wave Splitting......Page p0283.djvu
14.9 P Wave Exploitation of Azimuthal Anisotropy (AVZ, AVOA, AVAZ, AVO)......Page p0285.djvu
15. Issues in Applying Rock Physics in Prospect Evaluation......Page p0288.djvu
15.2 Amplitude (DHI) Interpretation......Page p0290.djvu
15.3 Amplitudes in the Risking Context......Page p0293.djvu
15.4 Comments on DHI Risking......Page p0299.djvu
15.5 A Risking Dilemma - Geology vs. Geophysics......Page p0304.djvu
16. Exercises......Page p0306.djvu
16.1 Quick-look workflow (Well H)......Page p0308.djvu
16.2 Log Conditioning and Modelling Workflow (Well R)......Page p0312.djvu
16.3 Forward modelling using the Xu_White Model......Page p0317.djvu
16.4 20 AVA modelling - lithology and fluid......Page p0318.djvu
16.5 Elastic inversion interpretation exercise......Page p0321.djvu
16.6a Facies discrimination using two variables - using fuzzy logic with a test data set......Page p0323.djvu
16.6b Acoustic facies discrimination using fuzzy logic......Page p0325.djvu
16.6c Effect of low gas saturations on elastic attributes......Page p0327.djvu
16.7 Time-Lapse Exercise......Page p0328.djvu
16.8 Anisotropy (VTI) exercise......Page p0330.djvu
17. Exercises - Answers......Page p0332.djvu
16.1 Quick-look workflow (Well H)......Page p0334.djvu
16.2 Log conditioning and modelling workflow......Page p0336.djvu
16.3 Forward modelling using Xu-White......Page p0337.djvu
16.4 20 AVA modelling - lithology and fluid......Page p0338.djvu
16.5 Elastic inversion interpretation exercise......Page p0339.djvu
16.6a Facies discrimination with two variables - using fuzzy logic with a test data set......Page p0340.djvu
16.6b Acoustic facies discrimination using fuzzy logic......Page p0341.djvu
16.6c Effect of low gas saturation on elastic attributes......Page p0342.djvu
16.7 Time-lapse exercise......Page p0343.djvu
16.8 Anistotropy (VTI) exercise......Page p0344.djvu
18. References......Page p0346.djvu
Section 2......Page p0347.djvu
Section 3......Page p0348.djvu
Section 5......Page p0349.djvu
Section 7......Page p0350.djvu
Section 8......Page p0351.djvu
Section 10......Page p0356.djvu
Section 11......Page p0357.djvu
Section 12......Page p0360.djvu
Section 13......Page p0362.djvu
Section 14......Page p0363.djvu
Section 15......Page p0365.djvu