Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference of Transportation Research Group of India: 5th CTRG Volume 2

Preface
About TRG and CTRG
List of Reviewers
Contents
About the Editors
Estimation and Comparison of Saturation Flow at Signalized Intersection in Mixed Traffic Condition
	1 Introduction
	2 Objectives and Scope of Study
	3 Literature Review
	4 Study Area, Data Collection, and Extraction
	5 Estimation of Saturation Flow
	6 Discussions and Conclusions
		6.1 Comparison of the Estimated Saturation Flow with the Saturation Flow Proposed by Different Authors
		6.2 Conclusion
	7 Future Scope
	References
Value Capture Finance: An Innovative Tool for Financing Urban Rail Transit Projects
	1 Introduction
	2 VCF Methods in Practice
		2.1 Land Value Tax
		2.2 Fees for Change in Land Use
		2.3 Betterment Levy
		2.4 Development Charge (Impact Fee)
		2.5 Transfer of Development Rights (TDR)
		2.6 Premium on Additional FSI/FAR
		2.7 Vacant Land Tax (VLT)
		2.8 Tax Increment Financing (TIF)
		2.9 Land Pooling System
	3 Literature Study for VCF Implementation
		3.1 International Case Studies
		3.2 Indian Case Studies
	4 Case Study of Nagpur Metro Phase II
		4.1 Ridership and Fare Box Revenue
	5 VCF Implementation in Nagpur
		5.1 Study Methodology
	6 Nagpur TOD Policy
		6.1 Maximum Permissible FSI
		6.2 Payable Premium
		6.3 Permissibility of Mixed Use in NMRC
	7 Real Estate Market Study
	8 Revenue Assessment from VCF Sources
		8.1 Premium on Sale of Additional FSI
		8.2 Additional Surcharge on Property Transactions
		8.3 Increase in Development Charge
	9 VCF from Supply Side
		9.1 Built-Up Area Estimation and Land Supply
		9.2 Revenue Assessment
	10 VCF from Demand Side
		10.1 Methodology for Estimation of Residential Demand
		10.2 Methodology for Estimation of Commercial Demand
		10.3 Corridor-Wise Estimation of Residential and Commercial Demand
		10.4 Revenue Assessment
	11 Estimation of Revenue from Property Development
	12 Financial Analysis
	13 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of the Key Determinants of Electric Two-Wheeler Use in the Indian Context
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Prioritization of Attributes
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Analysis
		3.3 Results
	4 Consistency Test
		4.1 Friedman Test
	5 Discussions
	6 Conclusions
	References
Speed and Headway Behaviour of Motorcycles on an Exclusive Motorcycle Lane
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area and Data Collection
	3 Speed Behaviour of Motorised Two-Wheelers
	4 Headway Behaviour of MTW
		4.1 Statistical Validation
	5 Conclusions
	References
Performance Evaluation and Enhancement of Unsignalized Intersection Using Microsimulation in VISSIM
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Survey
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Requirements
		3.2 Vehicle and Intersection Geometry Representation
		3.3 Traffic Representation
		3.4 Simulation with Default Parameters
		3.5 Sensitivity Analysis
		3.6 Latin Hypercube Sampling and Multiple Linear Regression
		3.7 Model Optimization by Genetic Algorithm
		3.8 Validation
		3.9 Performance Evaluation
	4 Study Area, Data Collection, and Analysis
		4.1 Data Extraction
		4.2 Development of VISSIM Model
		4.3 Simulation with Default Parameters
		4.4 Analysis of Variance
		4.5 LHS and Multiple Linear Regression
		4.6 Model Optimization Using GA
		4.7 Validation
		4.8 Performance Evaluation
		4.9 Traffic Management Using Signal-Controlled Intersection
	5 Conclusion
	References
Modeling Phase Changing Behavior of Traffic Constables at Manually Controlled Intersection—A Case Study in India
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Phase Change Model
		3.2 Phase Change Model Validation
		3.3 Determination of Critical Phase Times
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Calibration of Phase Change Model
		4.2 Validation of Phase Change Model
		4.3 Calculation of Critical Phase Times
	5 Summary and Conclusion
	References
Cost-Effective Analysis for Electric Vehicle (EV) Bus Procurement
	1 Introduction
	2 Background of the Study
	3 Methodology
	4 Major Components of Procurement and Operational Cost
		4.1 Procurement and Operational Cost in Outright Purchase Model
		4.2 Procurement and Operational Cost in GCC Model
		4.3 Cost Calculations for GCC and Outright Purchase Model
	5 Conclusion
	6 Policy Implications and Recommendations
	7 Limitations and Future Scope
	References
Effect of Traffic Flow Characteristics on Saturation Flow at Signalized Intersections of Ahmedabad City
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Pilot Survey
		3.2 Data Collection
		3.3 Data Extraction
	4 Data Analysis
		4.1 Traffic Composition
		4.2 Determination of Saturated Green Time
		4.3 Variation of Composition with Respect to PCU
	5 Saturation Flow Model Development
	6 Sensitivity Analysis
	7 Model Validation
	8 Modification of INDO HCM
		8.1 Validation
	9 Conclusion
	References
Simulation-Based Optimization for Heterogeneous Traffic Control
	1 Introduction
	2 Review of Literature
		2.1 Optimal Signal Control Design
		2.2 Simulation-Based Optimization in Optimal Traffic Signal Control Design
	3 Study Area and Input Data
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Problem Formulation
		4.2 Implementation of SO Algorithm
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Signal Design Using Conventional Webster and HCM Methods
		5.2 Signal Design Based on the Proposed SO Method
	6 Summary
	References
Intersection Identification Using Large-Scale Vehicle Trajectory Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Turning Point Extraction
		2.2 Density-Based Clustering
		2.3 Cluster Analysis
	3 Experiment
		3.1 Data Used
		3.2 Turning Point Extraction and Clustering
		3.3 DDI and TDI Filtering
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Crowd Density Prediction Using Kalman Filtering Technique
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Study Location, Data Collection and Extraction
	4 Analysis
		4.1 Comparison of Densities
		4.2 Predicting Densities Using KFT
		4.3 Corroboration of Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Calibration and Validation of VISSIM Parameters in Mixed Traffic
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 The Merging Process
		2.2 Modeling the Merging Capacity
		2.3 Usage of VISSIM to Simulate Mixed Traffic
		2.4 Gaps in Literature Review Pertaining to Mixed Traffic
	3 Data Collection and Network Development in VISSIM
		3.1 Field Data Collection
		3.2 VISSIM Network Development
	4 Calibration and Validation
		4.1 Identification of Sensitive Parameters
		4.2 Calibration of VISSIM Parameters
		4.3 Validation of VISSIM Model
	5 Effect of Ramp Traffic
	6 Conclusion
	Appendix
	References
Lateral Gap Maintaining Behaviour of Vehicles from Road Median
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Impact of Median Divider/Shoulder on Lateral Placement of Vehicles
		2.2 Impact of Operating Speed on Lateral Placement of Vehicles
	3 Motivation and Objective
	4 Study Methodology and Data Collection
	5 Model Development and Validation
	6 Concluding Remarks
	References
Assessment of Impact of Roadside Bus-Stops on Capacity of Urban Divided Roads Using Microscopic Simulation Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Collection and Extraction
	3 Development of Simulation Model
		3.1 Vehicle Generation
		3.2 Vehicle Placement
		3.3 Vehicle Movement
		3.4 Object Oriented Programming Concepts
	4 Model Calibration and Validation
	5 Estimation of Capacity Reduction Due to Bus-Stops
		5.1 Modification of the Model to Implement Bus-Stop
		5.2 Validation of Bus-Stop Model and Estimation of Capacity Reduction
		5.3 Effect of Change in Proportion of Buses on Capacity and Speed
	6 Summary and Conclusions
	References
State-of-Art on Data Mining and Microscopic Simulation Techniques for Evaluation of Urban Uncontrolled Intersections
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology Followed for the Literature Investigation
	3 State-of-Art on Soft Computing and Non-parametric Machine Learning/Data Mining Techniques for Performance Evaluation
	4 State-of-Art on Microscopic Traffic Flow Simulation Techniques for Performance Evaluation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Assessing Spatial Accessibility to Amenities, Facilities, and Services from Public Transit Using Non-motorized Transport: A Case of Nagpur City
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Relevance of the Study
	2 Measures and Indicators
	3 Study Area and Data Sources
	4 Data Analysis
		4.1 Macro-level Accessibility Analysis
		4.2 Micro-level Accessibility Analysis
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Study of Driver’s Behavior for Lateral Moving Vehicles
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Site Selection
		3.2 Data Collection
		3.3 Data Extraction
	4 Data Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Evaluation of Queue Discharge and Lane Occupancy Due to Seepage Behaviour of Small Sized Vehicles at Intersection
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Study Location and Data Collection
		3.2 Data Extraction and Analysis
		3.3 Representation of the Queue Area and Area Occupied by the Vehicles and Effective Utilization of the Queue Area by the Vehicles
		3.4 Determination of Variance in Lateral Movement and Lane Changing Behaviour of Vehicles
	4 Observed Seepage Behaviour at Intersection in Each Cycle of Signal Timing
	5 Results and Conclusion
	References
Transit-Oriented Development to, for, and in Delhi
	1 Transit-Oriented Development: Living with Transit
	2 Need for TOD Measurement Tool
	3 What Is TOD to Delhi?
	4 TOD Definition for Delhi
	5 What Are the Existing Levels of TOD in Delhi?
	6 What’s Next? Action Plans!
	7 Conclusions
	References
Study on Impact of Newly Opened NH 66 Bypass in Kollam City
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Study Area
	2 Literature Review
	3 Study Objectives
	4 Methodology Adopted for the Study
		4.1 Data Collection
		4.2 Data Analysis
	5 Existing Situation Analysis
		5.1 Road Network Characteristics
		5.2 Speed and Delay Characteristics
		5.3 Causes of Delay
		5.4 Traffic Volume at Major Intersections
		5.5 Vehicle Crash Data of NH Bypass
		5.6 Road Safety Audit (RSA)
	6 Impact Analysis
		6.1 Travel Speed and Travel Time
		6.2 Volume-Capacity Ratio (V/C Ratio)
		6.3 Vehicle Operating Cost (VOC)
		6.4 Pedestrian Safety on NH 66
		6.5 Vehicle Crashes in NH 66
	7 Recommended Proposals for Safety Issues on Bypass Road
	8 Conclusions
	References
Development of Speed Management Measures at Uncontrolled Intersection; Case Study of Hyderabad, India
	1 Introduction
	2 Objectives of the Study
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Study Area Selection
		3.2 Data Collection
		3.3 Spot Speed Data Presentation
		3.4 Spot Speed Data Distribution and Temporal Analysis
	4 Result and Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Objective and Subjective Approaches Towards Analysis of Level of Service of Sidewalks
	1 Introduction
	2 Study Area
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Perceptual Data/Subjective Data Collection
		3.2 Selection of Factors Affecting PLOS
		3.3 Design of Questionnaire Survey
		3.4 Pilot Study
		3.5 Final Questionnaire and Process of Data Collection
		3.6 Sampling Method Adopted
		3.7 Determination of Sample Size
		3.8 Objective Data Collection
	4 Formulation of Indices
		4.1 Choosing Factors from Literature
		4.2 Finding Association
		4.3 Checking for Correlation
		4.4 Statistical Confirmation of Groups
		4.5 Normalization and Aggregation of Factors to Form Indices
	5 Results and Discussion
		5.1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents
		5.2 Distribution of Perceived PLOS Categories Before and After Evaluation
		5.3 Objective and Subjective Factors
		5.4 Association of Objectively Measured Factors with PLOS
		5.5 Association of Subjectively Measured Factors with PLOS
		5.6 Association of Objectively and Subjectively Measured Factors with Pedestrian Level of Service
		5.7 Association of Objectively and Subjectively Measured Factors with Pedestrian Level of Service
	6 Conclusion
	References
Development of Public Transport Serviceability Index for Metro Cities—A Case Study of Kochi City
	1 Introduction
	2 Scope and Objectives
	3 Literature Review
	4 Study Area
	5 Methodology
		5.1 General
	6 Data Collection
		6.1 Expert Opinion Survey
		6.2 Passenger Opinion Survey
	7 Preliminary Data Analysis
	8 Estimation of Sustainability Indicators and Sustainability Integration Indices for the Study Area
	9 Estimation of Public Transport Serviceability Index
	10 Conclusions
	References
Economic Evaluation of a Highway Project Using HDM-4: A Case Study of Widening of Ahmedabad-Bagodara National Highway
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Literature Review
		1.2 Methods of Economic Evaluation
		1.3 Introduction to HDM-4
	2 Research Objective
	3 Methodology
	4 Data Collection
		4.1 Study Area Profile
		4.2 Road Inventory
		4.3 Traffic Survey
		4.4 Pavement Condition Survey
		4.5 Pavement Composition and Soil CBR
		4.6 Topographical Data
		4.7 Petrol-Pump Sales Data
	5 Capacity Analysis
	6 Economic Evaluation Using IRC SP:30-2009
		6.1 Traffic Forecast
		6.2 Congestion Factors
		6.3 Vehicle Operating Costs
		6.4 Economic Evaluation
		6.5 Sensitivity Analysis
	7 Economic Evaluation Using HDM-4
		7.1 Sectioning of the Study Area
		7.2 Construction and Analysis Period
		7.3 Project Cost
		7.4 Standard Conversion Factors
		7.5 Traffic Composition Data
		7.6 HDM-4 Calibration Parameters
		7.7 Road Network Data
		7.8 Vehicle Fleet Data
		7.9 HDM-4 Configuration
		7.10 Unit Costs for Vehicles
		7.11 Maintenance Strategy and Cost
		7.12 Results of Economic Evaluation
		7.13 Sensitivity Analysis
	8 Conclusions
	References
BPNN (ANN) Based Operating Speed Models for Horizontal Curves Using Naturalistic Driving Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Speed Models
	3 Data Collection
		3.1 Speed Data
		3.2 Geometric Data
	4 Development of ANN (BPNN) Model
	5 Relative Influence (%) of Geometric Parameters on Vp
	6 Conclusions
	References
Modification of NPV Value Based on Real Option Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Limitations of NPV Analysis Approach
	3 Real Options Analysis
	4 Case Study
		4.1 Traffic Uncertainty
		4.2 Binomial Lattice Model
		4.3 Leakage Rate
		4.4 Option Value Calculation
		4.5 Monte Carlo Simulation Technique
	5 Analysis of Results
	6 Conclusion
	Annexure 1
	References
Impact of Foot Over Bridge (FOB) Upgradation Over Pedestrian Movement: A Case Study of Guwahati City
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Collection and Analysis
		2.1 Data Collections Sites
		2.2 Extraction and Analysis of Data
		2.3 Model Development
	3 Conclusion and Application
	References
Effect of Two-Wheeler Proportion on Passenger Car Unit at Urban Signalised Intersections
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Study Methodology
	4 Data Collection
	5 Data Analysis and Results
		5.1 PCU Estimation
		5.2 Saturation Flow and Unit Base Saturation Flow Rate Determination
		5.3 Bus Blockage Adjustment
		5.4 Capacity and V/C Ratio Determination
		5.5 Simulation Modelling
	6 Conclusion
	References
Influence of Platooning of Heavy Transport Vehicles Operation on Traffic Flow Mix of Intercity Highways
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Data Collection
	4 Data Analysis and Results
		4.1 Speed Statistics of Vehicles
		4.2 Speed Versus Time Headway Analysis
		4.3 Passenger Car Unit (PCU) Estimation
		4.4 Temporal Variation of Traffic Flow
		4.5 HTVs’ Platooning Operation in Different Lanes
	5 Conclusion
	References
Determination of Service Quality of Bus Transit System Using SERVQUAL Method Based on User’s Perceptions and Expectations
	1 Introduction
	2 Case Study Area and Selection of Transit System
	3 Methodology
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Impact of Street Design and Operational Factors on Level of Satisfaction of Green Transport Users in a Large Metropolitan Area
	1 Green Transport Scenario
		1.1 Background and Need for the Study
	2 Current Status in NMT Research
		2.1 Application of Users’ Satisfaction Analysis in NMT Decision-Making Process
		2.2 Modeling User Satisfaction for NMT Users
	3 Study Design
		3.1 Scope
		3.2 Study Area
	4 Methodology
		4.1 Selection of Attributes Affecting Overall Satisfaction of Individual NMT Users
		4.2 Survey Design and Data Collection
		4.3 Methodology for Statistical Analysis
	5 Descriptive Findings from Collected Responses
		5.1 Assessment of Travel Characteristics for Pedestrians
		5.2 Assessment of Travel Characteristics for Cycle/e-Rickshaw Users
	6 Modeling NMT User Satisfaction
		6.1 Attributes Impacting Overall Pedestrian Satisfaction
		6.2 Improving Level of Satisfaction—ORA Exercise
	7 Conclusion
	References
Lateral Placement of Vehicles Under Mixed Traffic in Indian Urban Scenario
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Collection and Analysis
	3 Capacity of Roadway Section
	4 Methodology for Calibration
	5 Calibration of Speed Data
	6 Modelling Lateral Clearance of Vehicles
	7 Percentile Variation of Speed Versus Lateral Clearance
	8 Conclusions
	References
Trajectory Data and Driver Behavior Analysis at Urban Mid-Block Section
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Objectives
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Gaps in the Literature
	3 Study Area and Methodology
		3.1 Longitudinal Flow Characteristics
		3.2 Lateral Flow Characteristics
		3.3 Lateral Amplitude
	4 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Dynamics of Rental Prices and Land Value Relative to Changes in Transportation Infrastructure
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Background Information on Transportation in Mumbai
	2 Models
		2.1 Data Collection
		2.2 Survey Descriptive and Results
	3 Discussion
	References
Control Delay Estimation at Signalized Intersections Using Vehicular Trajectory Data
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Analysis
		2.1 Data Collection
		2.2 Data Extraction
		2.3 Preliminary Analysis
	3 Delay Estimation
		3.1 GPS Probe Vehicle-Based Delay Estimation
		3.2 Field Traffic Trajectory-Based Delay Estimation.
		3.3 Delay Estimation Models
		3.4 Guidelines-Based Delay Estimation
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion and Summary
	References