Proceedings of the 4th World Conference on Detergents : strategies for the 21st century

Proceedings of the 4th World Conference on Detergents: Strategies for the 21st Century......Page 1
Preface......Page 3
Contents......Page 4
Whose Future?......Page 7
Affordable Solutions......Page 8
Sustainability......Page 9
Innovation......Page 10
Conclusion......Page 11
What is Needed for Tomorrow......Page 13
What is Possible in the Future......Page 14
Builders......Page 15
Conclusion......Page 16
Cost Savings......Page 17
The Role of Chemistry Has Changed......Page 19
Bars and Pastes......Page 23
Liquid Detergents......Page 24
Powder Detergents......Page 27
Evolution to More Concentrated Forms......Page 31
Increasing Planning Uncertainty......Page 32
The Evolution of Detergents......Page 33
Specialty Surfactant Characteristics......Page 35
Commodity Surfactant Characteristics......Page 37
Conclusion......Page 39
Bibliography......Page 40
Consumer Needs......Page 41
Economic Factors......Page 42
Environmental Factors......Page 45
Acknowledgments......Page 47
Emerging Detergent Markets......Page 48
Value for Money Remains Crucial for Packaging of Bars......Page 49
Packaging Challenges in Emerging Markets......Page 50
Conclusion......Page 51
Outlook for the Year 2000......Page 52
Present Situation......Page 53
Washing Powders?The Brazilian Market......Page 54
Washing Machines?the Brazilian Market......Page 55
Liquid Dishwashing?The Brazilian Market......Page 56
Brand Analysis?Liquid Dishwashing......Page 57
Multipurpose Products?The Brazilian Market......Page 58
Conclusion......Page 59
Labeling Schemes for Washing Machines......Page 60
References......Page 65
Technical Outline......Page 66
Agitation......Page 67
Water Intake, Water Level......Page 69
Temperature Control......Page 70
Water and Suds Monitoring......Page 72
Operation, Display Technology......Page 73
Acknowledgments......Page 76
Sustainability Fits Within Business Mangement......Page 77
Improving Lives......Page 78
Prioritizing Effort in Managing Toward Sustainability......Page 79
Meeting Expectations......Page 80
European Detergent Industry Code of Practice......Page 81
Conclusions......Page 83
References......Page 85
Introduction......Page 86
Role of Risk......Page 87
Summary......Page 88
Danish Executive Order Number 823......Page 89
The Regulatory Process Used......Page 90
Response of the Detergent Industry......Page 91
Conclusions......Page 92
References......Page 93
The Primary Goals of the Codes of Management Practice......Page 95
Conclusions......Page 96
Summary......Page 97
iii Technology......Page 99
iv The Consumer......Page 100
i From Powders to Compacts and Supercompacts......Page 101
ii From Liquids to Gels......Page 107
iii From Granules to Tablets......Page 108
Outlook......Page 110
References......Page 112
Detergents in Far East/Asian Countries......Page 113
Recent Trends......Page 114
New Technology in Southeast Asia......Page 116
New Technology in Japanese Laundry Products......Page 117
Future Outlook......Page 120
Consumption of Laundry Bars and Pastes......Page 121
Economic Considerations......Page 123
Consumer Needs......Page 124
Laundry Bar and Paste Technologies......Page 125
Dish Pastes......Page 126
For the Future......Page 127
Compaction......Page 129
Enzymes......Page 130
Fabric Appearance?Cellulase Enzyme Technology......Page 131
Challenges in Future Bleach Development......Page 132
The Continued Trend to Cooler Wash Temperatures......Page 134
Concentrated Washing?The Introduction of High Efficiency Washing Machines......Page 135
Summary: Innovating to Meet Future Needs......Page 136
References......Page 137
Back to Global Trends. What is Trend Management?......Page 138
Trend Number 1?Growing Income......Page 139
Trend Number 2?The Search for Pleasure......Page 140
The Last Trend to be Considered is the Increasing Need for Hygiene......Page 141
Summary......Page 142
Product Types......Page 143
Growth Drivers......Page 144
Environmental Safety......Page 145
Environmental Safety......Page 146
References......Page 147
Key Market Drivers......Page 148
Consumer Insights......Page 149
Environmental Factors......Page 150
Available Technologies......Page 151
Market Dynamics and New-Product Activities......Page 153
References......Page 154
The Production of Hydrophobic Feedstocks......Page 155
LAB Technology History......Page 157
Fatty Alcohol Production......Page 158
Outlook......Page 161
EO......Page 162
Ethoxylation Technology......Page 165
Glucose......Page 166
Implications......Page 167
Summary and Conclusions......Page 168
Acknowledgments......Page 169
Key Cleaning Problems......Page 170
The Hard-Surface Cleaner Category......Page 171
The Laundry Cleaning Process......Page 172
Hard-Surface Cleaners......Page 174
Laundry Detergents......Page 175
Drivers for the Development of the “New? Surfactants......Page 176
Properties of the “New? Surfactants......Page 178
Prospects for Future......Page 179
References......Page 181
Classical Protein Engineering......Page 182
Directed Molecular Evolution......Page 183
Cleaning Effect of Enzymes......Page 184
Cellulases and Soil Reduction Effects......Page 186
Conclusions and Future Outlook......Page 187
References......Page 188
Builders in Compact Detergents......Page 189
Requirements for New Builder Technology......Page 190
Builder Patents......Page 191
Post Zeolite A......Page 192
Polymers......Page 193
Summary......Page 194
References......Page 195
Triggered Delivery......Page 196
Combinatorial Polymer Synthesis......Page 197
Prediction of Molecular Compatibility......Page 198
Prediction of the Controlled Release of an Active......Page 199
Conclusion......Page 200
Improvement of Existing Bleach Systems......Page 201
New Systems......Page 202
Nitriles, Activators Without Leaving Groups......Page 204
Metal-Containing Bleaching Catalysts......Page 205
Weight and Cost-Effectiveness of New Bleach Systems......Page 207
Outlook......Page 208
References......Page 209
C3 Value-Added Chains......Page 210
C1 Value-Added Chains......Page 212
C2 Value-Added Chain......Page 214
Future Development......Page 215
Summary......Page 217
Early 1990s: Rediscovering Brand Innovation......Page 218
First Concentration Step: Spray-Drying/Post-Tower Densification......Page 219
Non-Tower Routes: Tailor-Made Raw Materials......Page 220
Brand Harmonization and Rationalization......Page 221
Cooperation Between Detergent Manufacturers and Suppliers......Page 222
Conclusions......Page 223
Stimulate the Dialog Needed to Assure Supply in Emerging Markets......Page 224
Overarching Trends......Page 225
Effects in Russia......Page 227
Sustained Growth Scenario......Page 228
Successful Global Supplier......Page 229
The Drive for New-Product Development......Page 231
New Product Research......Page 232
Assessment of Industry Structure and Changes......Page 233
Effect of the Industry Structure and Changes on Balancing Research......Page 234
References......Page 235
Globalization Acceleration......Page 236
i Global Market Participation......Page 237
ii Global Product Development......Page 238
Summary......Page 239
Materials and Methods......Page 240
Results......Page 241
References......Page 243
Synthesis of Phthalimidopercarboxylic Acid......Page 244
Results and Discussion......Page 245
References......Page 246
Results and Discussion......Page 248
Conclusion......Page 249
Acknowledgments......Page 252
Evaluation of First Cycle Cleaning Performance......Page 253
References......Page 254
Results and Discussion......Page 255
Conclusions......Page 259
Acknowledgments......Page 260
Results and Discussion......Page 261
Conclusion......Page 264
References......Page 265
Aquatic Toxicity......Page 267
References......Page 269
Chemistry......Page 271
Laundering Results......Page 272
References......Page 274
Detergency......Page 275
Determination of Phase Plots......Page 276
Detergency......Page 277
References......Page 278
Conclusions......Page 279
References......Page 280
Preparation of Percarbonate......Page 290
Results and Discussion......Page 291
References......Page 293
Experimental Materials......Page 294
Phase Behavior of the Binary Systems......Page 295
Phase Behavior of the Pseudoternary Systems......Page 296
Structural Aspects......Page 297
Rheological Properties......Page 300
Acknowledgments......Page 302
References......Page 303
Predicted No Effect Concentrations PNEC......Page 304
Summary......Page 305
References......Page 308
References......Page 310
Benefits of Polybetaine......Page 311
Surfactants......Page 317
Equipment......Page 318
References......Page 319
Assessment of Sun Protection......Page 323
Insufficient Protection by Clothes......Page 324
UV A and UV B Absorption by a New Molecule with Affinity to Cotton......Page 325
Effects: Laundering Fabrics to Be Sun-Protective......Page 327
References......Page 328
Photo-degradation......Page 329
References......Page 331
i Internal ATP Standard......Page 332
Practical Results......Page 333
Results......Page 334
Conclusion......Page 335
References......Page 336
Results......Page 337
Surfactant Optimization......Page 340
Mildness......Page 341
Cleaning Performance......Page 342
Conclusions......Page 345
References......Page 346
Impact Assessment......Page 347
Conclusions......Page 348
References......Page 350
Conclusion......Page 351
Conclusions......Page 352
References......Page 354