Proceedings of the 3rd World Conference on Detergents: Global Perspectives

Proceedings of the 3rd World Conference on Detergents: Global Perspectives......Page 1
Preface......Page 3
Contents......Page 4
Worldwide Economic and Political Change......Page 7
Major Laundry Detergent, Hard-Surface, and Personal Cleaning Products Trends, 1986?1993......Page 8
Demographic Change......Page 10
Developing Consumer Needs......Page 11
Competition Versus Cooperation......Page 12
The World Economic Outlook: What Recovery?......Page 15
Do Intentions Change?......Page 20
Do They Change Behavior?......Page 21
Legislative Trends......Page 22
The Future......Page 23
An Overview of Environmental and Regulatory Trends in the Americas......Page 25
Trends in Japan......Page 31
Trends in Asia......Page 33
High Biodegradability......Page 34
Human Safety......Page 35
Consumer Trends......Page 36
References......Page 37
The Soap and Detergent Market in the Asia-Pacific Area......Page 38
Nonphosphate Detergents in the Asia-Pacific Area......Page 39
Compact Powdered Detergents......Page 40
Laundry Aids......Page 41
Changes in Laundering Practices......Page 42
References......Page 43
Economic Growth......Page 44
United States and Canada......Page 45
Retail Trends......Page 46
Fabric Conditioner Category......Page 47
References......Page 48
Market Structure and Development......Page 49
The Consumer......Page 50
The Trade......Page 52
More Concentrated Products......Page 53
More Ecologically Benign Products......Page 54
Acknowledgments......Page 55
Recent Experience: The Rinse Conditioner Active Case......Page 56
Mathematical Modeling......Page 57
Toxic Components of Commercial Chemicals......Page 58
References......Page 59
Allergy Assessment?Guinea Pig Intratracheal Test......Page 60
Discussion......Page 62
References......Page 63
Life Cycle Assessment: A New Business Tool?......Page 64
Builders......Page 70
Cellulase......Page 71
Bleaches......Page 72
Bleach Activators......Page 73
Compact Liquid Detergents......Page 75
References......Page 76
Market Initiatives......Page 77
Powders......Page 78
Color Variants......Page 79
References......Page 80
Laundry Detergents in Asian and Pacific Countries......Page 81
The Concept of Superconcentration......Page 82
Technology for Application of Enzymes......Page 83
Manufacturing Technology......Page 85
Variety of Compact Powders in Japan......Page 86
References......Page 87
Consumption of Laundry Bars and Pastes......Page 88
Economic Considerations......Page 89
Consumer Needs......Page 90
Laundry Bar and Paste Technologies......Page 91
Environmental and Consumer Issues......Page 93
History of Fabric Softeners......Page 94
Fabric Softeners and the Environment......Page 95
DHTDMAC Substitutes......Page 97
Outlook......Page 99
United States......Page 101
Concentrates for Direct Use......Page 102
Changes in Nonionic Surfactants......Page 103
Summary......Page 104
Consumer Insights......Page 105
New Product Activities and Market Segment Dynamics......Page 109
Trends in Product Technologies......Page 111
Conclusion and Future Outlook......Page 113
Liquids and Tablets......Page 114
Novel Formulation Technology......Page 115
References......Page 116
Market Dynamics......Page 117
Solids Detergent Technology......Page 118
Concentrated Liquid Cleaners......Page 119
Electronic Control of Cleaning Processes......Page 120
Conclusion......Page 121
References......Page 122
Surfactants......Page 123
Soap......Page 124
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters......Page 125
Glycerine......Page 126
Availability......Page 127
References......Page 128
Availability......Page 129
Environmental Acceptability......Page 130
Sustainability......Page 131
References......Page 132
Eastern Europe......Page 133
North America......Page 134
Detal Process......Page 135
Product quality......Page 137
Environmental Safety......Page 138
Conclusions......Page 139
References......Page 140
Properties of MES......Page 141
Application of MES in Detergents......Page 142
Environmental Acceptability of MES......Page 144
References......Page 145
Ethylene Oxide Supply......Page 147
Ethoxylation Equipment......Page 148
Ethoxylation Catalysts......Page 149
Ethoxylation Feedstocks......Page 150
References......Page 151
Introduction......Page 153
References......Page 155
Automatic Dishwashing......Page 157
Controlled Foam......Page 158
Environmental Toxicity......Page 159
Acknowledgment......Page 160
References......Page 161
Testing Procedure: Prespotting......Page 162
Carboxylated Nonionics......Page 163
Amine Oxides......Page 165
References......Page 166
Builders: Ecology, Cost, and Performance......Page 167
Builder Patents 1989?1992......Page 169
Performance......Page 171
What can we expect in future?......Page 173
United States: Preventing Redeposition......Page 174
Latin America: Detergency, Preventing Redeposition, and Cost Comparisons......Page 175
Australia: Detergency......Page 176
Europe: Inhibiting Incrustation of Fabrics and Inhibiting Dye Transfer......Page 177
Europe: Preventing Deposits on Hard Surfaces......Page 178
Summary......Page 179
Compacts......Page 180
Alternatives to Perborate......Page 181
Sodium Percarbonate......Page 182
References......Page 183
TAED/Perborate System......Page 184
Improved Activated Systems......Page 186
Preformed Percarboxylic Acids......Page 187
Outlook......Page 188
Performance......Page 189
Human Safety......Page 190
By-Products in Finished Products......Page 191
Dioxins......Page 192
Major Chlorinated By-Products Formed During Use......Page 193
Exposure to By-Products......Page 194
Environmental Fate of By-Products......Page 195
Bioaccumulation Potential of By-Products......Page 196
References......Page 197
Detergent Formulations......Page 199
Detergent Appearance......Page 200
Stability/Degradability......Page 201
References......Page 203
Lipases......Page 204
Cellulases......Page 206
Microencapsulation in Liquid Detergents......Page 207
Future Prospects......Page 208
References......Page 209
Determination of Potential Enzyme Residues on Dishware......Page 210
Safety Theoretical......Page 211
Future Developments......Page 212
References......Page 213
Forces of Globalization......Page 214
New Pressures......Page 215
Not So Easy......Page 216
Doing It Right......Page 217
Conclusion......Page 218
Calcium and Magnesium Binding......Page 219
Hardness Ion Sequestration......Page 220
Surfactant Loading......Page 222
Free Alkalinity and Buffering Capacity......Page 223
Detergency......Page 224
References......Page 226
Norasol 102: A Novel Polycarboxylate for Improving Floor Cleaners......Page 227
Introduction......Page 228
The Godrej-Lurgi Process......Page 229
Capillary Condensation......Page 230
Process......Page 231
Advantages over the Conventional/Petrochemical Route......Page 232
References......Page 233
Methods......Page 234
Low-Temperature Detergency......Page 236
Detergency in Extremely Hard Water......Page 237
Enzyme Compatibility......Page 238
LABS-AOS Mixed Surfactant Systems......Page 239
References......Page 240
Characterization of Anaerobic Environments......Page 241
Sediment Studies......Page 242
LAS Risk Assessment for Strict Anaerobic Environments......Page 243
Discussion......Page 244
References......Page 245
Some Literature Examples Glycidol-Based Syntheses of Nonionic Surfactants......Page 246
Synthetic Method......Page 247
Some Physico-Chemical Properties Of Diesters......Page 248
References......Page 249
Reduced Bioavailability......Page 251
Preferential Removal by Waste Treatment......Page 252
References......Page 253
Performance Properties of C10 Sugar Lipids......Page 254
Dishwashing Performance......Page 255
References......Page 256
Synergistic Effects......Page 257
Granulometry......Page 258
A New Sulfonation-Sulfation Mutitube Reactor......Page 259
Mode of Action of Narlex MA410......Page 261
References......Page 262
Calcium Ion Specific Electrode Measurements......Page 263
Dye Solution Bleaching......Page 264
Surfactant Precipitation Studies: Experimental Determination of the Critical Calcium Concentration for Surfactant Precipitation......Page 265
Theoretical Determination of the Critical Calcium Concentration for Surfactant Precipitation......Page 266
References......Page 268
Household-Cleaning Products......Page 269
AIkylpolyglucosides......Page 270
Prospects for the Development of Surfactant Industry......Page 271
References......Page 272
SO3-Sulfonation by Means of a Multitube Film Reactor......Page 273
Vacuum Neutralization of Sulfonic Acid by Means of Neutrex-SV......Page 275
Conclusion......Page 277
References......Page 278