Proceedings of the 2nd Energy Security and Chemical Engineering Congress: Selected Articles from ESChE 2021, Malaysia (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)

Preface
About This Book
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Prospects of Energy Recovery in Offshore Oil and Gas Operations
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Offshore Oil and Gas Platform
	3 Waste Heat
	4 Waste Heat Recovery
	5 Prospects
	6 Future Research
	7 Conclusions
	References
An Overview of Organic Rankine Cycle for Waste Heat Recovery on Offshore Oil and Gas Platform
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Offshore Oil and Gas Platform
	3 Waste Heat
	4 Organic Rankine Cycle
	5 ORC Application for the Waste Heat Recovery on Offshore Oil and Gas Platform
	6 Analysis
	7 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer Performance of Water: Ethylene Glycol Mixture (W:EG) Through Turbine-Like Decaying Flow Swirler
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Modeling
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Pareto Solution of Autocatalytic Esterification in Semi-batch Reactor Using Control Vector Parameterization (CVP) and ε-Constraint
	1 Introduction
	2 Process Modeling
	3 Dynamic Multi-objective Optimization
		3.1 Multi-objective Optimization (MOO) Technique
		3.2 Problem Optimization Formulation
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Control Analysis of Biomass Gasification with Combined Heat and Power System
	1 Introduction
	2 Modelling of BG-CHP System
		2.1 A Dynamic BG-CHP Flowsheet Model in Aspen Plus Software
		2.2 An Empirical Model of BG-CHP System in Simulink, Matlab Software
		2.3 Control Design of BG-CHP System
	3 Modelling of BG-CHP System
		3.1 A Control Scenario
	4 Conclusion
	References
Effects of Pineapple Leaf Fibre as Reinforcement in Oil Palm Shell Lightweight Concrete
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Program
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Mix Proportions
		2.3 Test Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Workability
		3.2 Density
		3.3 Compressive Strength
		3.4 Splitting Tensile Strength
		3.5 Flexural Strength
	4 Conclusions
	References
Pedal Error Naturalistic Driving Study Among Malaysian Drivers
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Participants
		2.2 Apparatus
		2.3 Naturalistic Driving Study Flow
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Naturalistic Driving Test
		3.2 Driving Experience
		3.3 Pedal Error Condition
		3.4 Pedal Error Factors
		3.5 Factors of Road Accidents
		3.6 Participants’ Feedback for the Naturalistic Driving Study
		3.7 Pedal Force Comparison
	4 Conclusion
	References
Copper Coated Electrode by Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Fabrication
		2.3 Metallization
		2.4 Chemical Treatment Route
		2.5 Electrical Performance Measurement
		2.6 Surface characterization Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Electrical Performance Measurement
		3.2 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
		3.3 Microscopic Testing
	4 Conclusion
	References
FTIR Analysis of Plant-Based Cellulose as Adsorbents for Water Remediation
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Heavy Metal in Wastewater
	2 Adsorption
	3 Methodology
	4 FTIR Result
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Study on the Wear Resistance and Lubrication Properties of Mixed Engine Oils
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedure
		2.1 Oil Samples
		2.2 Four-Ball Experiment
		2.3 Coefficient of Friction (COF) Analysis
		2.4 Wear Scar Diameter (WSD) Analysis
		2.5 Viscosity Analysis
		2.6 Testing Periods
	3 Results
		3.1 Wear Scar Diameter (WSD)
		3.2 Coefficient of Friction (COF)
		3.3 Viscosity
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Hot Cylinder Materials on Gamma-Type Stirling Engine Performance Using Solar Dish Concentrator
	1 Introduction
	2 Stirling Engine
	3 Stirling Engine Performance
	4 Conclusions
	References
The Analysis of Risk Factor Repetitive Motion in Manufacturing Activities Based on Ergonomics
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA)
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Research Flowchart
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Development of Quick Response Manufacturing in Supply Chains Activities Based on Product Planning Control
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Rheological Characteristics and Optimization of Novel TiO2-POE Nanolubricant Using Response Surface Method (RSM) for Air Conditioning System Compressor Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Methodology
		2.1 Nanolubricant Preparation
		2.2 Viscosity Measurement
		2.3 Uncertainty Analysis
		2.4 Optimization
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 The Impact of Volume Fraction on Dynamic Viscosity Analysis
		3.2 The Impact of Temperature on Dynamic Viscosity Analysis
		3.3 Optimization Using Response Surface Method (RSM)
		3.4 Optimization Solution
		3.5 Uncertainty Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Comprehensive Investigation of Low Proportion TiO2-POE Nanolubricant Stability for Residential Air Conditioning System Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Method
		2.1 Nanolubricant Preparation
		2.2 TiO2-POE Nanolubricant Stability Analysis
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 TiO2 Nanoparticle Characterization
		3.2 TiO2-POE Nanolubricant Visual Analysis
		3.3 TiO2-POE Nanolubricant Absorbance Ratio Analysis by Means of UV Visible Spectrophotometry
		3.4 TiO2-POE Nanolubricant Zeta Potential Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
OFAT Adoption on FAl2O3-POE Nanolubricant Absorbance Ratio Optimization Based on Spectrophotometric Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Method
		2.1 Nanolubricant Preparation
		2.2 UV Visible Spectrophotometry Analysis
		2.3 Optimization
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 TiO2-POE Nanolubricant Absorbance Ratio Analysis Using UV Visible Spectrophotometry
		3.2 Analysis of Variant (ANOVA)
		3.3 OFAT Optimization Solution
	4 Conclusion
	References
Surface Modification for Dispersion Stability of Novel FAl2O3-POE Nanolubricant Using Functional SiO2
	1 Introduction
	2 Experiment
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Functionalized Al2O3 Synthesis Procedure
		2.3 FAl2O3-POE Nanolubricant Preparation and Characterization
		2.4 UV Visible Spectrophotometry
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 FAl2O3 Characterization
		3.2 FAl2O3-POE Absorbance Ratio Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Absorbance Ratio Optimization as a Function of TiO2-POE Nanolubricant Spectrophotometric Wavelength Using the Quadratic Design on One Factor at a Time
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Method
		2.1 Nanolubricant Preparation
		2.2 UV Visible Spectrophotometry Analysis
		2.3 Optimization
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 TiO2-POE Nanolubricant Absorbance Ratio Analysis Using UV Visible Spectrophotometry
		3.2 Analysis of Variant (ANOVA)
		3.3 OFAT Optimization Solution
	4 Conclusion
	References
Multiscale Modelling of 3-Dimensional Brain Tissue Using Ideal Capillary Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model
		2.1 Governing Equation and Asymptotic Expansion Homogenization
		2.2 Homogenized Macroscale Governing Equations
		2.3 Microscale Cell Problems
		2.4 Varying Capillary Tortuosity and Radius
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Capillary Hydraulic Conductivity, K
		3.2 Interstitial Hydraulic Conductivity, G
		3.3 Parameter Q
		3.4 Parameter L
	4 Conclusions
	References
Tribological Performance Effect of SiO2 and TiO2 Nanoparticles as Lubricating Oil Additives
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Preparation of Nanolubricants
		2.2 Tribological Test
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Nanolubricant Characterization and Stability
		3.2 Tribological Performance of Nanolubricants
	4 Conclusions
	References
Comparison of Thermal Efficiency and Heat Transfer Rate on the Fluidized-Bed Combustor Using Oil Palm Fuel
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup and Material
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Performance Optimization of Low Proportion Biodiesel Blend on Marine Diesel Engine Using Response Surface Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Methodology
	3 Response Surface Methodology Model
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 ANOVA Analysis
		4.2 Brake Power
		4.3 Brake Specific Fuel Consumption
		4.4 CO Emissions
		4.5 NOX Emissions
		4.6 Optimization Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Performance Investigation of R32 and R410a Refrigerants with Different Compressor Lubricants
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Experimental Setup
		2.2 Measurement and Experimental Procedure
		2.3 Thermodynamic Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Compressor Performance
		3.2 Cooling Performance
		3.3 Overall System Performance
	4 Conclusions
	References
Micromechanical Modeling of Glass Filled Epoxy Using the Variational Asymptotic Method for Unit Cell Homogenization
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Comparison of Different Size of Glass Particle
		3.2 Comparison of Volume Fraction of Glass Particle
	4 Conclusion
	References
Finite Element Analysis of Tuned Mass Damper
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Modelling and Analysis
		2.1 Modal Analysis in Ansys Workbench
		2.2 Harmonic Analysis in Ansys Workbench
	3 Theoretical Equation
		3.1 Three-Storey Building Model
		3.2 Tuned Mass Damper
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Modal Analysis
		4.2 Harmonic Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Comparison of Frequency Levels in Internal Combustion Engines Using a Gasoline-Methanol Fuel Blend
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup and Material
	3 Result and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Corrosion Performance of Nanopaint for Automotive Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Preparation of Nanopaint
		2.2 Corrosion Resistance
		2.3 Polarization Preparation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Corrosion Potential/ Characteristic
		3.2 Corrosion Rate
	4 Conclusions
	References
Laser Processing of La61.4Al15.9Ni11.35Cu11.35 Based Functionally Graded Material Bulk Metallic Glass
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Ductilisation Studies on BMG
		1.2 Localised Ductilisation of the Bulk Metallic Glass (BMG)
		1.3 Functionally Graded Material (FGM) Bulk Metallic Glass (BMG)
		1.4 Joining Process of BMG
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Samples Preparation
		2.2 Localised Heating Process
		2.3 Characterisation of FGM BMG Samples
		2.4 Morphology Around Laser Response of the Lanthanum Based FGM BMG Samples
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 FESEM Results for FGM BMG
	4 Conclusion
	References
Prediction and Optimization of Thermophysical Properties of Hybrid Cellulose Nanocrystal-Copper (II) Oxide Nanolubricant for Tribology Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Regression Modelling
		2.2 Optimization and Experimental Validation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 ANOVA Analysis for Thermophysical Properties
		3.2 Independent Variable Influence on Response
		3.3 Development of Proposed Regression Model
		3.4 Comparison Between Predicted and Experimental Model
		3.5 Multi-objective Optimization for Thermal and Physical Properties for CNC–CuO
	4 Conclusion
	References
Fabrication of Superhydrophobic on Ti6Al4V by Using the Hybrid Process of Nanosecond Laser Texturing
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Material and Preparation
		2.2 Laser Surface Texturing
		2.3 Water Contact Angle Measurement
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of the Laser Power
		3.2 Effect of the Scan Speed
		3.3 Effect of the Geometrical Pattern
	4 Conclusions
	References
Statistical Approach to the Cellulose Nanocrystal Tribological Behavior on the Piston Liner Contact Using Full Factorial Design (FFD)
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedure
		2.1 Materials and Lubricant Preparation
		2.2 Tribotest
		2.3 Experimentation Scheme
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Analysis of Variance
		3.2 Main Effects Analysis on Friction Coefficient and Wear Rate
		3.3 Interactions Between Factors on Friction Coefficient and Wear Rate
	4 Conclusion
	References
Covid-19 Embedded with Aerosol Particles Travel Simulation Inside a Mosque
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Praying Area Model and Mesh Construction
		2.2 Computational Details
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Praying Area Model and Mesh Construction
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Review on Automotive Tires Significant Characteristic Identification for General Consumers
	1 Introduction
	2 Wear, Tear, and Interactions of Tires
		2.1 Wear of Tire with Controlled and Variable Side Slip Angles
		2.2 Modelling of Wear Trends
		2.3 Tire and Pavement/Ice Interactions
		2.4 Tire-Terrain Interaction Modelling
	3 Thermal Aging of Rubber in Tires
		3.1 Tire Wear Particles (TWPS)
		3.2 Reinforced Natural Rubber
	4 Conclusion
	References
Evaluation of Palm Oil Leaves Extracts as a Potential Environment Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Metals
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Apparatus and Materials
		2.2 Sample Collection
		2.3 Preparation of Palm Oil Leaves Extract
		2.4 Phytochemical Screening of Palm Oil Leaves
		2.5 Respond Surface Methodology (RSM)
		2.6 Surface Analysis Test
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 LC/MS Q-TOF
		3.2 Response Surface Methodology
		3.3 Corrosion Surface Morphology
	4 Conclusion and Recommendation
	References