Proceedings of the 21st Congress of the International Ergonomics Association IEA 2021 Volume V: Methods & Approaches

Preface
IEA2021 Acknowledgements
Organization
	IEA2021 Organizing Committee
	IEA2021 Congress Chair
	Technical Program Committee Co-chairs
	Media Outreach
	Developing Countries
	ePosters Coordinator
	Exhibits Coordinator
	Early Career Researcher Program Coordinator
	Media Relations
	Events/Social
	French Language Coordinator
	Communications Coordinator
	EasyChair Platform Technical Liaison
	Scientific Committee of IEA2021
Contents
Part I: Affective Design (Edited by Rosemary Ruiz Seva)
Design for UX in Flexible Offices – Bringing Research and Practice Together
	1 Introduction
	2 Exploring Design Opportunities for Positive UX in FOEs
		2.1 Session 1. Understanding Practitioners’ Standpoint
		2.2 Session 2. Discussing Alternative UX Scenarios
		2.3 Session 3. Formulating a UX Proposal for Further Exploration
	3 Reflections and Conclusion
	References
Outlining Experience and Well-Being in the Interaction with Social Media Apps
	1 Introduction
	2 Four Touchpoints Between Social Media Use and Wellbeing
		2.1 Social Media Use and Technology-Related Behavioral Patterns
		2.2 Interaction with Social Media Apps and Interpersonal Relationships
		2.3 Social Media Apps as Information Sources
		2.4 The Tense Relationship Between Social Media and Self-image
	3 Final Considerations
	References
Affective Trash Bin Signage to Promote Waste Segregation
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Participants
		2.2 Variables and Measurements
	3 Signage Design
		3.1 Photo Selection
		3.2 Pictorial Component
		3.3 Textual Component
		3.4 Questionnaire
		3.5 Procedure
		3.6 Data Analysis
	4 Results
		4.1 Participant Demography
		4.2 Structural Model
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Geometric Features of 3D Shapes on Perception of Product Appearance for Visual Brand Affiliation
	1 Introduction and State of the Art
	2 Approach
	3 Literature Review on Product Perception of 3D-Shapes
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Model for the Description of 3D Geometric Shape Parameters
		4.2 Interpretation of the Results with the 3D Shape Description Model
	5 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Affective – Cognitive – Usability (ACU) Model Incorporating Eye Tracking Analysis for Redesigning the e-Commerce Website
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Background and Research Motivation
		1.2 Problem Statement
		1.3 Objective and Question
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Functions of Computer-Mediated Touch at a Distance: An Interactionist Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Social Touch and Mediated Touch
	3 An Interactionist Approach to Computer-Mediated Touch
	4 Methodology
	5 Results
		5.1 Interaction Management
		5.2 Emotional Communication
		5.3 Behavioural Touches
	6 Discussion
	References
Merging Total Design and User Centered Design for Designing a Mountable Toy: Achieving a Useful, Functional and Desirable Product
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Empathy: Define the Final User
		2.2 Define
		2.3 Ideate: Conceptual Proposals and Evaluation Matrix
		2.4 Prototype: Preliminary Proposal
		2.5 Feedback
		2.6 Reflection
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Behavioral and Cognitive Methods to Assess Users and Assist Physical Point of Sale Experience Design
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Problem Statement
		1.2 Objective/Question
		1.3 Methodology
	2 Human Factors in the Retail Environment
		2.1 Experience Design and Its Relations Between Store Image, Usability and Decision Making
		2.2 Behavioral and Cognitive Methods
		2.3 Former Studies on the Phenomenon
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design Process of a Mountable Toy Based on Total Design and User Centered Design Methodologies
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Final User Delimitation
		2.2 Market Analysis
		2.3 Conceptual Proposals and Evaluation Matrix
		2.4 Initial Prototype
		2.5 Feedback
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Part II: Anthropometry (Edited by Karen Bredenkamp)
Anthropometric Indices and Nutritional Status of Infants in Nigeria – A Preliminary Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Study Area
		2.2 Subjects
		2.3 Eligibility Criteria
		2.4 Outcome Measures
	3 Results
		3.1 Summary of Infants’ Anthropometric Indices
		3.2 Summary of the Association Between Nutritional Status and Anthropometric Indices of Infants
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Mexican Older-Adult Sitting and Standing Anthropometric Dimensions. Comparison with Other Populations
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Procedure
	3 Results
		3.1 Comparison by Gender and Secular
		3.2 Comparison with Other Populations
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Firefighters’ Anthropometrics: A Comparison Between Two Portuguese Fire Brigades
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Firefighters’ Anthropometric Surveys
		1.2 The Study Size FF Portugal
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Data Collection
		2.2 Data Treatment and Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Descriptive Statistics Analysis
		3.2 Hypothesis Testing Analysis
		3.3 Body Mass Index Analysis
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions and Final Considerations
	References
A Motion Capture System for Hand Movement Recognition
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Motion Capture System and Data Collection
		2.2 Experimental Design
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Hand Shape Modeling for the Mexican Population
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Anthropometric Data: Participants and Data Collection
		2.2 Data Analysis
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Part III: Biomechanics (Edited by Rauf Iqbal)
Effects of a Back-Support Exoskeleton on Pelvis-Thorax Kinematics and Coordination During Lifting
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Participants and Experimental Procedures
		2.2 Data Analysis
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	References
Measurement of Work-Related Physical Workloads - Proposal for a Body Region-Related Categorization System
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Update Categorization of Work-Related MSD Risk Assessments
		2.2 Assignment of Body Region-Related Measurement Concepts to Categories and Associated Assessment Protocols
	3 Results
		3.1 Principal Characteristics of Measurement Categories
		3.2 Risk Assessment Upper Extremity Workloads
		3.3 Risk Assessment Spinal Workloads
		3.4 Risk Assessment Lower Extremity Workloads
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Optimization of Product Handle Material Mechanical Properties for Improved Ergonomics Using Finite Element Method and Subjective Response
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Determination of the Optimal Handle Material Properties Based on FEM
		2.2 Manufacturing of the Deformable Handles
		2.3 Measurement of Subjective Response
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Evaluation of Force Exertion Strategies During Repetitive Lifting/Lowering Tasks Based on Time-Frequency Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Method
		2.1 Participants
		2.2 Experimental Condition and Procedure
		2.3 Measured Data and Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Change in Mean Handling Force
		3.2 Trend of MF of Handling Force
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Wearable Device to Assess the Spine Biomechanical Overload in a Sample of Loggers
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Statistical Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Study Population
		3.2 Trunk Inclination
	4 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Relationship of Floor Material and Fall Risk Assessment During Descending Stairs
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	References
PEPPA - Exchange Platform for Measurements of Occupational Physical Activity and Physical Workload
	1 Problem Statement
	2 Objective/Question
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 Initial Concept of the Exchange Platform
		4.2 User Groups and Functional Requirements
		4.3 Exchange Platform Contents
		4.4 General Conditions of Use
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	References:
Biomechanical Simulation and a Detailed Analysis of the Roadside Cleaning Activity
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Kerbside Waste Collection Round Risk Assessment by Means of Physiological Parameters: sEMG and Heart Rate
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	References
Using Complex Biomechanics Models to Communicate Simple Messages
	1 Introduction and Problem
	2 Context
	3 Actions
	4 Outcomes
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Overview of Measurement-Based Assessment Approaches from the MEGAPHYS Project
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Exposure Measurement
		2.2 Exposure Indicators
		2.3 Health Risk Assessment
		2.4 Evaluation
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Part IV: Ergonomics in Advanced Imaging (Edited by Jukka Häkkinen)
Effects of Avatars on Street Crossing Tasks in Virtual Reality
	1 Introduction
	2 Avatars in Virtual Environments
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Virtual Environment and Avatars
		3.2 Dependent Measures
		3.3 Study Protocol
	4 Results
		4.1 Presence and IVBO
		4.2 Gap Size and Virtual Collisions
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Estimating Time to Contact in Virtual Reality: Does Contrast Matter?
	1 Background
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Part V: Human Factors in Robotics (Edited by Sascha Wischniewski and Patricia H. Rosen)
Three-Stage Evaluation for Defining the Potential of an Industrial Exoskeleton in a Specific Job
	1 Introduction
	2 Stage 1: Field Observation
	3 Stage 2: Controlled Experiment
	4 Stage 3: Field-Test
	5 Discussion
	References
Human-Robot Collaboration During Assembly Tasks: The Cognitive Effects of Collaborative Assembly Workstation Features
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Methods
		3.1 Procedure
		3.2 Experimental Protocol
		3.3 Measures
	4 Results
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Evaluation of Physiological Costs Using Standardized Analysis Methods During Simulated Overhead Work with and Without Exoskeleton
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Test Subjects
		2.2 Test Performance
		2.3 Electromyographic Measurements
		2.4 Subjective Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Standardized Electromyographic Activity
		3.2 Subjective Assessments
	4 Discussion
	5 Limitations of the Study
	References
Development of a Multifunctional Test Station and a Reproducible Test Design for the Evaluation of Stress and Strain During Overhead Work with and Without Upper Body Exoskeletons
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement and Research Question
	3 Multifunctional Test Station
	4 Development Reproducible Test Design
		4.1 Test Performance
		4.2 Electromyographic Measurements
		4.3 Subjective Methods
	5 Discussion
	6 Limitations of the Study
	References
Evaluation of Variables of Cognitive Ergonomics in Industrial Human-Robot Collaborative Assembly Systems
	1 Problem Statement
	2 Methods
		2.1 Variables of Cognitive Ergonomics
		2.2 Experimental Set-Up
		2.3 Procedure for Conducting the Experiments
	3 Results
	4 Discussions and Conclusions
	References
Optimizing Force Transfer in a Soft Exoskeleton Using Biomechanical Modeling
	1 Biomechanical Simulation in the Design of Exoskeletons
		1.1 Motivation
		1.2 Design of the Soft Exoskeleton
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	References
How User Presence Impacts Perceptions and Operation Routines of Robotic Vacuum Cleaners – a ‘Stay at Home’ Experiment
	1 Introduction
	2 The BYOB (Bring Your Own Bot) Methodology
		2.1 Overview
		2.2 Participants
		2.3 Interactive BYOB Online Questionnaire
		2.4 Data Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Participants
		3.2 Changes in Presence at Home
		3.3 Impact of Increased Time at Home on Robot Usage Habits
		3.4 Impact of Active Observation on Robot Perception
	4 Discussion
	Appendix
		4.1 Questions to Assess Presence at Home and Robot Operational Routines
		4.2 Questions to Assess Understanding of Robot Operation
	References
Evaluation of Different Degrees of Support in Human-Robot Cooperation at an Assembly Workstation Regarding Physiological Strain and Perceived Team Fluency
	1 Introduction
	2 Task Allocation
	3 Methods and Study Design
		3.1 Measurement Methods
		3.2 Experiment Design
		3.3 Test Subjekts
	4 Results
		4.1 Process Efficiency
		4.2 Subjective Assessment of Team Fluency
		4.3 EMG
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Field Study to Objectify the Stress and Strain on Male Workers During Car Wheel Changes in the Course of Using an Active Exoskeleton
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Using Multimodal Data to Predict Surgeon Situation Awareness
	1 Introduction
	2 Situation Awareness: Definition and Assessment
		2.1 Definition of Situation Awareness
		2.2 Assessment of Situation Awareness
	3 Model and Hypothesis
	4 Method
		4.1 Materials
		4.2 Procedure
	5 Results
		5.1 Self-rating Questionnaires
		5.2 Physiological Measures
		5.3 Communication Indicators
	6 Discussion
		6.1 Physiological Measures, Mental Workload and Stress
		6.2 Situation Awareness, Mental Workload and Stress
		6.3 Communication Quality, Task Complexity and Situation Awareness
	7 Conclusion
	References
Preliminary Requirements of a Soft Upper-Limb Exoskeleton for Industrial Overhead Tasks Based on Biomechanical Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Biomechanical Analysis of Overhead Tasks
		2.1 Participants and Experimental Tasks
		2.2 Experimental Equipment and Measurement Protocols
		2.3 Data Processing
		2.4 Results
	3 Functional Requirements
	4 Conclusions
	References
A Pilot Study on Auditory Feedback for a Lower-Limb Exoskeleton to Increase Walking Safety
	1 Introduction
		1.1 A Subsection Sample
	2 Methods
		2.1 Subjects
		2.2 Equipment and Materials
		2.3 Procedure
		2.4 Data Collection and Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Comparison of Two Auditory Feedback Modes
		3.2 Comparison of Auditory Feedback System and No-Feedback System
	4 Conclusions
	References
Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) Technologies for Reducing Work-Related Musculoskeletal Diseases in Industry 4.0
	1 Introduction
	2 Wearable Sensors and Robotic Technologies: State of the Art
		2.1 Wearable Sensors
		2.2 Wearable Robotic Technologies
		2.3 Collaborative Robots (Cobots)
	3 The SOPHIA Project Activities
		3.1 Standardization
		3.2 Reduction of Biomechanical Risk
		3.3 HRC in Work Environment
	4 HRC and Work Rehabilitation
	References
Results from the Third European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks on Human-Robot Interaction
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Part VI: Human Modelling and Simulation (Edited by Gunther Paul, Gregor Harih and Yue (Sophia) Li)
A Digital Human Modelling-Based Optimization Framework to Minimize Low Back Cumulative Loading During Design of Lifting Tasks
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	References
Assessing the Efficiency of Industrial Exoskeletons with Biomechanical Modelling – Comparison of Experimental and Simulation Results
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	References
Current Trends in Research and Application of Digital Human Modeling
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Validation of an Inverse Kinematic VR Manikin in Seated Tasks: Application in Ergonomics Training
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Test Procedure
		2.2 Data Analysis
		2.3 Statistics
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Multi-objective Optimization of Ergonomics and Productivity by Using an Optimization Framework
	1 Problem Statement
	2 Method
	3 Results
		3.1 Part 1 - Problem Definition and Creation of the Optimization Model
		3.2 Part 2 - Optimization Process
		3.3 Part 3 - Presentation and Selection of Results
	4 Discussion
	References
Demographic Effects on Mid-Air Gesture Preference for Control of Devices: Implications for Design
	1 Background
	2 Objective
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	Appendix
	References
A Human-Centered Design Procedure for Conceptualization Using Virtual Reality Prototyping Applied in an Inflight Lavatory
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Research Questions
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Step 1: Online Study
		2.2 Step 2: Selection Study
		2.3 Step 3: Experience Study
	3 Results
		3.1 Step 1: Online Study
		3.2 Step 2: Selection Study
		3.3 Step 3: Experience Study
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Automated Segmentation of 3D Digital Human Model for Area and Volume Measurement
	1 Problem Statement
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Body Segmentation
		2.2 Measurements
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
A Conceptual Framework of DHM Enablers for Ergonomics 4.0
	1 Introduction
	2 Objective
	3 Hypothesis
	4 Methods
	5 Results
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Characterizing Adaptive Display Interventions for Attentional Tunneling
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Information Content
		3.2 Behaviour
		3.3 Location
		3.4 Design Approach
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Digital Production Planning of Manual and Semi-automatic Tasks in Industry Using the EMA Software Suite
	1 Introduction
	2 Simulation Framework
	3 Simulation Results
	4 Discussion
	References
Probabilistic Human-System-Integration (HSI) Models: Review and Extension
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis
	3 Conclusion
	References
Assessment of Biomechanical Risk Factors During Lifting Tasks in a Spacesuit Using Singular Value Decomposition
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	References
A Preliminary Study on the Effects of Foam and Seat Pan Inclination on the Deformation of the Seated Buttocks Using MRI
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Participants
		2.2 Experimental Conditions
		2.3 Data Processing
	3 Results
	4 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Tool Development for Ergonomic Design of Automated Vehicles
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Participant Study
		2.2 Data Transfer
		2.3 Modeling
		2.4 Exploitation Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Simplifying Ergonomic Assessment for Designers: A User-Product Interaction-Modelling Framework in CAD
	1 Problem Statement
	2 Research Objective
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Usability Study on a New Assembly of 3D Interactive Gestures for Human–Computer Interaction
	1 Introduction
	2 Experiment 1
		2.1 Method
		2.2 Results
	3 Experiment 2
		3.1 Method
		3.2 Results
	4 Discussion
	References
Combining a Wearable IMU Mocap System with REBA and RULA for Ergonomic Assessment of Container Lashing Teams
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Container Lashing in the Port of Antwerp
		1.2 Problem Statement
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Setup of the Protocol
		2.2 Data Collection and Processing
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Development of Guidelines for the Ergonomic Evaluation of Human Work in Digital Factory Tools
	1 Objectives and Target Groups of VDI Guidelines
	2 Development Process
	3 Options for Ergonomic Evaluation
	4 Discussion and Further Development Needs
	References
Part VII: Neuroergonomics (Edited by Echezona Nelson Dominic Ekechukwu)
Cognitive Aspects in Control Rooms
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodological Aspects
		2.1 Data Analysis
		2.2 Nature of the Activities
	3 Findings
		3.1 Neuro-Musculoskeletal Evaluation
		3.2 Cognitive Analysis
	References
Independent Driving Improved the Self-esteem and Health Related Quality of Life of a Polio Survivor
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 The Modification
		2.2 Direct Interview
	3 Results
		3.1 Self-esteem and HRQOL
		3.2 Direct Interview
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Disability and Community Reintegration Among Community Dwelling Persons Living with Stroke, Spinal Cord Injury and Limb Amputation – A Comparative Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Participants
		2.2 Sample Size
		2.3 Materials
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Virtual Reality, a Neuroergonomic and Neurorehabilitation Tool for Promoting Neuroplasticity in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Design
		2.2 Inclusion Criteria
		2.3 Information Sources
		2.4 Data Collection Processes
		2.5 Data Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Flow of Studies through the Review
		3.2 Characteristics of Included Trials
		3.3 Methodological Quality Appraisal
		3.4 Interventions
		3.5 Outcome Measures
		3.6 The Effect of Virtual Reality on Motor Function
		3.7 The Effect of Virtual Reality on Balance Performance
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Are the Psychosocial and Physical Disabilities of Stroke Survivors Ageing Related?
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Participants
		2.2 Sample Size
		2.3 Materials
		2.4 Ethical Consideration
		2.5 Procedure
		2.6 Data Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Participants
		3.2 Comparison Between Stroke Survivors and Age/Sex Matched Normal Subject
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Analyzing the Effect of Visual Cue on Physiological Hand Tremor Using Wearable Accelerometer Sensors
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Tremor
		1.2 Physiological Tremor
		1.3 Common Misdiagnosis and Tremor Analysis Techniques
		1.4 Common Methods of Physiological Tremor Analysis and Its Limitations
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Data Acquisition
		2.2 Data Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Eyes Closed Condition
		3.2 Eyes Open Condition
		3.3 Eyes Open Condition
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of Return to Driving Among a Sample of Nigerian Stroke Survivors - A Qualitative Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Study Design
		2.2 Participants
		2.3 Data Collection Procedures
		2.4 Data Retrieval and Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Perception of Participants to Return to Driving After Stroke
		3.2 Facilitators of Return to Driving After Stroke
		3.3 Desire to be Independent
		3.4 Perception of Life
		3.5 Perception About Driving
		3.6 Determination
		3.7 Social Isolation
		3.8 Severity of Stroke
		3.9 Social Expectations
		3.10 Barriers to Return to Driving After Stroke
		3.11 Fear
		3.12 Severity of Stroke
		3.13 Competence with Driving Prior to Stroke
		3.14 Temperament
		3.15 Environment
		3.16 Unfriendly Attitudes of Other Road Users
		3.17 Lack of Social Support
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Perceived Facilitators to Return to Driving After Stroke
		4.2 Barriers to Return to Driving After Stroke
	5 Conclusion
	References
VR Application for Vestibular System Training (Pilot Study)
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Determination of the Influence of Music on Working Memory Performance Using EEG Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Working Memory Task
	3 Results
		3.1 EEG Analysis
		3.2 Behavioural Analysis
		3.3 Survey Analysis
	4 Discussion
	References
Part VIII: Working with Computer Systems (Edited by Nicole Jochems)
Empirical Comparison of the Effects of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Video Game Console Controllers on Players Performance
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Design of the Experiment
		2.2 Participants
		2.3 Tasks and Procedure
	3 Results
		3.1 Results of Completion Time
		3.2 Results of Number of Errors
	4 Conclusions and Limitations
	References
A Novel 3D Editor for Gesture Design Based on Labanotation
	1 Motivation
	2 Related Work
	3 Methodology
	4 Analysis and Conception
	5 Realization
	6 User Study
	7 Conclusion
	References
Advancing Towards Automated Ergonomic Assessment: A Panel of Perspectives
	1 Introduction
	2 List of Speakers
		2.1 Dr. SangHyun Lee
		2.2 Dr. Michael Sonne
		2.3 Dr. Lora Cavuoto
		2.4 Dr. Sean Gallagher
	3 Conclusion
	References
From Globalization to Circular Economy, Which Issues for Health and Safety at Work?
	1 Introduction
		1.1 What About Circular Economy?
		1.2 A Challenge for Safety and Health at Work
	2 Material and Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Global Scenarios
		3.2 Application to Safety and Health at Work
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Collaborative Robotics and Industry 4.0: An Engineering, Sociology and Activity-Centered Ergonomics Cross-Experience
	1 Problem Statement
	2 Objective/Question
	3 Methodology
	4 Results
		4.1 “Cobot”, A Concept that is Still Under Debate and Still Evolving
		4.2 SME Managers, Both Interested and Cautious About Cobots
		4.3 Industry 4.0, Both in Continuity with and a Break from the Major Industrial Projects of the 1980s
	5 Discussion Conclusion
	References
Trade-offs of Users and Non-users of Life-Logging – Desire for Support vs. Potential Barriers
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Questions Addressed
	2 Related Work
	3 Method
		3.1 Structural Equation Model – Implementation and Evaluation
		3.2 Online Survey
		3.3 Statistical Procedures
	4 Results
		4.1 Users and Non-users of Life-Logging
		4.2 Structural Equation Model – From the Initial to the Final Model
		4.3 Structural Equation Model – Structural Models
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Enabling Collaborative Situations in 4.0 Industry: Multiple Case Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Method
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Impact of Expertise on Query Formulation Strategies During Complex Learning Task Solving: A Study with Students in Medicine and Computer Science
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Method
		3.1 Variables
		3.2 Participants
		3.3 Procedure
	4 Results
	5 Discussion and Perspectives
	References
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Workplace: A Study of Stakeholders’ Views on Benefits, Issues and Challenges of AI Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review: Current Issues and Challenges Around Artificial Intelligence
	3 Method
	4 Preliminary Results
	5 Discussion - Conclusion
	References
The Remanufacturing Activity: Skills to Develop and Productive Organizations to Rethink
	1 Context and Interests of This Study
	2 Theoretical Consideration: From a Little-Known Process to Skills
		2.1 From the Scarcity of Resources to the Production of «Like-New» Products: Remanufacturing, a Process of the Future
		2.2 From a Product with Variable Wear and Tear to a Remanufacturing Activity
		2.3 Operative Regulations as a Way of Expressing Skills
	3 Methodology
	4 Results of This Study
	5 Discussion and Perspectives
	References
Steady Hands - An Evaluation on the Use of Hand Tracking in Virtual Reality Training in Nursing
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Our VR Training Module for Wound Cleansing
		3.1 Training Scenario and Procedure
		3.2 Input Methods
	4 Empirical Study
		4.1 Research Questions
		4.2 Test Design
		4.3 Results
		4.4 Discussion
	5 Outlook
	References
Supporting Pain Management for Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Patients Using a Novel Communication Tool
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Requirements
		3.2 Development of Design Solutions
	4 Evaluation
		4.1 Methods and Procedure
		4.2 Results
	5 Discussion and Further Research
	References
Users’ Error Recovery Strategies in the Interaction with Voice Assistants (VAs)
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
	3 Results
		3.1 Response Types and User Behavior
		3.2 Relationship Between VA Responses and User Strategies
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
User Needs for Digital Creativity Support Systems in an Occupational Context
	1 Introduction
	2 State of the Art
	3 Methods
		3.1 Interviews
		3.2 Online Survey
	4 Results
		4.1 Interviews
		4.2 Online Survey
	5 Discussion
	6 Limitations and Future Research
	References
An Empirical Study on Automation Transparency (i.e., seeing-into) of an Automated Decision Aid System for Condition-Based Maintenance
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Participants
		2.2 Apparatus
		2.3 Experimental Design
		2.4 Experimental Task
		2.5 Procedure
	3 Results
		3.1 State Estimation
		3.2 Correct Automation Usage
		3.3 Correct Automation Rejection
		3.4 Mean Confidence, Mean Trust, Workload, Mean Response Time
	4 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
A User Study to Evaluate the Customization of Automatically Generated GUIs
	1 Introduction
	2 User Study Design
		2.1 Setup
		2.2 Participants
		2.3 Procedure
		2.4 Analysis
	3 User Study Results
		3.1 Adjusted Task Time Analysis
		3.2 Subjective Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Framework for Future Navigation Aids
	1 Introduction
	2 Navigation
		2.1 Aids for Navigation
		2.2 Navigation Tasks
	3 A Framework for Navigation Aids
		3.1 Static Aids
		3.2 Dynamic Aids: Screen-Based Displays
		3.3 Dynamic Aids: Augmented Reality Displays
	4 Conclusion
	References
Explainable AI for Entertainment: Issues on Video on Demand Platforms
	1 Introduction
	2 Recommender System of VoD Platforms
	3 Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)
	4 Methodology
	5 Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Reliability of Heuristic Evaluation During Usability Analysis
	1 Introduction and Background
	2 Method
	3 Results
	4 Limitations
	5 Conclusions
	References
Clinical Usability Studies – Clash of Cultures? Study Design Proposal from Lessons Learned
	1 Usability Tests for MD and SaMDs and Clinical Studies
	2 The Clinical Usability Study: What, When, and Why
	3 Study Design for Clinical Usability Studies
		3.1 High-Level Study Design
		3.2 Study Method
		3.3 Study Measures
		3.4 Practical Considerations/Specific for Clinical Usability Studies
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Biases and Limitations
		4.2 Applying the Framework to Product Development Strategy
		4.3 Conclusion
	References
Collaborating with Communities in Participatory System Development
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Participatory Design
		1.2 Participatory Design in Communities
		1.3 The Historytelling Project
	2 Method
		2.1 Results on Evaluation of Participatory HCD+ Guidelines
		2.2 Results on Developers’ Experience
	3 Discussion
	4 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Making Tax eForms Less Taxing—Comparing Evaluation Measures of User-Experience, Usability, and Acceptance in Public Sector eForms
	1 Introduction
	2 EFUXS Scale Development
	3 Method
		3.1 Participants
		3.2 Material
		3.3 Procedure
	4 Results
		4.1 Item Analysis of EFUXS
		4.2 Differentiation
		4.3 Convergent Validity
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	Appendix
	References
Part IX: Ergonomic Work Analysis and Training (EWAT) – Addendum (Edited by Catherine Delgoulet and Marta Santos)
Learning Scenarios for the Improvement of Operating Safety of Machine Tools
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Employee Qualification
		2.2 Virtual Reality and Virtual Operating Actions
	3 Virtual Learning Scenarios
		3.1 General Facts
		3.2 Methodological Approach for the Development of Virtual Learning Scenarios
		3.3 Approach for the Development of a Virtual Learning Scenario
		3.4 Exemplary Virtual Learning Scenarios
	4 Summary
	References
Developing a Training Action for Primary School Teachers by Doubly Considering (Their) Work
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Contextualization
		1.2 Teachers’ Work Activity
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Objective
		2.2 Participants
		2.3 Procedures
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Part X: HF/E Education and Professional Certification Development – Addendum (Edited by Chien-Chi (Max) Chang and Maggie Graf)
Applications and Implications of the Brazilian Ergonomics Regulatory Standard (NR17)
	1 Introduction
	2 Brazilian Ergonomics Regulatory Standard NR17
	3 Method
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Analysis of the NR17
		4.2 Evaluation of Published Applications of the EWA as Demanded by the NR17
	5 Conclusion
	References
Part XI: Organisation Design and Management (ODAM) – Addendum (Edited by Laerte Idal Sznelwar)
Occupational Safety and Protection Against Infection in Times of the Pandemic: Challenges for Human Factors and Regulation
	1 Occupational Safety and Health in Times of the Pandemic
		1.1 Occupational Safety and Health Regulation in Germany
		1.2 Regulation in Times of the Pandemic
	2 SARS-CoV-2 Occupational Safety Technical Rule
		2.1 General Structure
		2.2 General Protective Means and Measures
		2.3 Distance
		2.4 Hygiene
		2.5 Protective Mask
		2.6 Ventilation
	3 Results and Conclusion
	References
Presenteeism and Voice: Ergonomic Factors for Sports Coaches
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Research Objectives
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Participants
		2.2 Overall Action Inquiry
		2.3 Inquiry in Presenteeism
	3 Results
		3.1 Personal Factors
		3.2 Coaching Activity Demands
		3.3 Team Culture, Shared Beliefs, and the Perceptions of Others
		3.4 Club-Based Factors
		3.5 Sport-Related Factors
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Personal Factors
		4.2 Coaching Activity Demands
		4.3 Team Culture, Shared Beliefs, and the Perceptions of Others
		4.4 Club-Based Factors
		4.5 Sport-Related Factors
	5 Conclusions
	References
Ergo@Large: Collaborating for the Benefits of HF/E
	1 Problem Statement
		1.1 Understanding Human Factors/Ergonomics (HF/E)
	2 Objectives
		2.1 Ergo@Large Goals and Mission
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Creation of Ergo@Large
		3.2 Ergo@Large the Hockey Team
		3.3 Task Assignments
		3.4 Ergo@Large Programs
	4 Results
		4.1 Where We Are
		4.2 Next Steps
	5 Conclusion
		5.1 2021 Goals
A Synthesis of Subjective Scales Which Assess Worker Fatigue: Building a Simple, Reliable, and Effective Evaluative Instrument
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Definitions
		1.2 Dimensions
		1.3 Types of Response
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Heat Stress Management in the Construction Industry: A Socio-technical Systems Perspective
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
	3 Heat Stress and the Construction Industry
		3.1 Control of Environmental Heat Stress Exposure Through the Use of an Action-Triggering Threshold System
		3.2 Control of Continuous Work Time Referred by Maximum Allowable Exposure Duration with Mandatory Work-Rest Regimens
		3.3 Enabling Self-paced Working Through the Empowerment of Employees
	4 Socio-technical Systems Perspective
	5 Conclusion
	References
Attitude Towards Artificial Intelligence in a Leadership Role
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Definition of Artificial Intelligence
		2.2 Definition of Leadership
		2.3 Artificial Intelligence and Leadership
	3 Method
	4 Results
		4.1 Results of the Subscales
		4.2 Results of Attitudes Toward AI as a Leader
		4.3 Results of Acceptance of AI as a Leader
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Macroergonomics-Based Approach for a Management Trainee Program in the Utilities Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	References
Part XII: Systems HF/E – Addendum (Edited by Paul M. Salmon)
Human Factors Effects on a Human-Robot Collaboration System: A Modelling Approach
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
		2.1 HRC Workstation
		2.2 System Thinking in HRC
	3 Method
	4 Results
		4.1 Ergonomic Factors in HRC
		4.2 Design of the Causal Loop Diagram
	5 Discussion
		5.1 Subsystem Physical Workload
		5.2 Subsystem Mental Workload
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Part XIII: Slips, Trips and Falls – Addendum (Edited by Richard Bowman)
The Future of Footwear Friction
	1 Introduction
	2 Modeling Mechanics of Footwear Friction: Finite Element Analysis of Shoe-Floor Friction
		2.1 Motivation and Theoretical Foundation
		2.2 Technology
		2.3 Prior Applications and Potential for Future Footwear
	3 Experimental Mechanics of Footwear Friction: Under-Shoe Fluid Pressures During Shoe Sliding
		3.1 Motivation and Theoretical Foundation
		3.2 Technology
		3.3 Prior Applications and Potential for Future Footwear
	4 Localized 3 Degree of Freedom (DOF) Force Measurement for Tread-Level Force Distribution and Its Application
	5 A Balanced Approach to Laboratory Machine and Human Subject Testing of Footwear When Considering the Needs of Slip Resistance and Traction
	6 Human-Centred Assessment Approaches
	7 Toward the Future of Footwear Friction
	References
Effects of Foot–Floor Friction on Trip-Induced Falls During Shuffling Gait: A Simulation Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Author Index