Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on the Technology of Plasticity - Current Trends in the Technology of Plasticity: ICTP 2023 - Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)

Preface
Organization
Contents
Forging
Optimization Support Method for Cold and Warm Forging Dies of Non-axisymmetrical Forged Products
	1 Introduction
	2 Issues of Forging Die Optimization Support
		2.1 Scope and Issues of Forging Die Optimization
		2.2 Issues in Evaluating Die Design Candidates
	3 Countermeasures Against Undercuts
		3.1 Undercut Problems
		3.2 Classification of Undercuts
		3.3 Shape Modification Procedure for Basic Work-Parting Line Undercuts
		3.4 Undercut Type Convergence Through Shape Division
	4 Optimization of Forging Dies
		4.1 Detailed Design Procedure of Forging Dies
		4.2 Procedure for Evaluating Die Design Candidates Using RPA
	5 Implementation and Experimental Results
		5.1 Overview of the Experiment
		5.2 Experimental Results
	6 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Investigation on Thermal Effect Induced by Ultrasonic Vibration on Surface Deformation Behavior During Micro-forging
	1 Introduction
	2 Experiment Setup
		2.1 Design of the Micro-Forging Device
		2.2 Forging Test Condition
	3 Result and Discussion
		3.1 Separation of Acoustic Softening and Impact Effect
		3.2 Influence of Different Ultrasonic Energy on Surface Temperature
	4 Conclusion
	References
Reduction in Barreling of Hollow Cylinder by Combination of Axial Compression and Circumferential Torsion in Upsetting with Conical Dies
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Conditions
	3 Finite Element Analysis Conditions
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Axial Load and Torque
		4.2 Deformation of Workpiece
	5 Discussions by Finite Element Analysis
		5.1 Radial Velocity and Plastic Flow of Workpiece
		5.2 Control of Barreling Deformation
	6 Conclusions
	References
Aluminium-Matrix-Composites (AMC) for Hot Forged Components
	1 Introduction
	2 AMC Characterization
		2.1 Initial Material
		2.2 Forming Behaviour
		2.3 Thermal Properties
	3 Forging of AMCs – Results and Discussion
		3.1 FE Simulation of Die Forging of AMCs
		3.2 Forging Experiments
		3.3 Microstructure Evolution
	4 Conclusion
	References
Forming of Spur Gear by Combination of Divided Flow Forging and Slide Motion by Using Liquid Lubricant
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Methods
		2.1 Divided Flow Method
		2.2 Experimental Conditions
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Pulse Slide Motion
		3.2 Controlled Divided Flow Forging
	4 Conclusions
	References
Shear Forging for Aluminum and Copper Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Shear Forging
	3 Simulations
		3.1 Simulation Conditions
		3.2 Simulation Results
	4 Experiments
		4.1 Experimental Conditions
		4.2 Experimental Results
	5 Conclusions
	References
Non-Heat-Treated Steel for Manufacturing Automotive Part
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Material
		2.2 Multistage Cold Forging of Pillow Ball
	3 Results
		3.1 Effect of Two-Step Heat Treatment on the Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties of YRCS Steel
		3.2 The Characteristics of Cold Forged Part
	4 Conclusion
	References
Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Deformation Characteristics During High-Frequency Radial Forging of AA7075
	1 Introduction
	2 Material
	3 Experiment
		3.1 Radial Forging Setup
	4 Process Modelling
		4.1 X-Ray CT
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Summary and Conclusion
	References
Deformation Behavior of Tool and Workpiece in Plate Compression
	1 Introduction
	2 Influence of Materials of Die and Blank, Friction, and Blank Dimensions on Deformation Behavior in Plate Compression
		2.1 Simulation Conditions
		2.2 Variations of Compressed Plate Thickness by Unloading
		2.3 Influence of Materials, Friction Coefficient, and Blank Dimension
	3 Deformation Behavior of Crowned Die
	4 Conclusions
	References
Automated Preform Design for the Development of Multi-stage Hot Forging Technology
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Methods of Preform Design in Closed-Die Forging
		1.2 Potential Flow Approximation of the Material Deformation and Its Realisation
	2 Hot Closed-Die Forging Case Studies
		2.1 Forging of a Link Component
		2.2 Forging of a Transmission Component
		2.3 Forging of the Arm with the Perpendicular Shaft
	3 Conclusions
	References
Reduction of Forging Load by Applying Lateral Oscillation
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Conditions
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Evaluation of Load Reduction
		3.2 Geometry of the Workpiece After Upsetting
	4 Conclusions
	References
A Case-Based Reasoning System Combining Expert Knowledge for Automated Design of Multi-Pass Hot Forging for Hub Bearings
	1 Introduction
	2 Considerations for the Automated Design System Based on Case-Based Reasoning
		2.1 Case Representation
		2.2 Organization of the Expert Knowledge Base
		2.3 Case Retrieval
		2.4 Case Revise
	3 Sample Discussion of the Automated Design System Based on Case-Based Reasoning
		3.1 Calculation About the Case Similarity
		3.2 Forging Design Based on Similar Cases
		3.3 Die Design Based on Similar Cases and Simulation Validation
	4 Conclusions
	References
Integration of FEM and Process Map to Determine the Formability of a Continuous Cooling Bainitic Steel
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Characterization and Models
		2.2 Forgeability Test and Simulation Model
		2.3 Efficiency and Instability in the Process Map
		2.4 FEM Sub-Routine Integration
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Thermomechanical Behavior of the Wedge Workpiece
		3.2 Power Dissipation and Instability
	4 Conclusions
	References
Preform Design for Flash-Less Die Forging
	1 Introduction
	2 Preform Design Using Geometrical Resemblance
	3 Preform Design for 3Dimensional Parts
		3.1 Material Points Creation for Backtracking
		3.2 Converting Point Cloud to Solid
	4 Application for 3D Closed Die Forging Processes
		4.1 Tee Fitting
		4.2 Cross Joint
	5 Conclusions
	References
Rolling
Rolling of Cylindrical Parts with External Cross Ribs
	1 Introduction
	2 Rolling Principles and Equipment
	3 Design of Cylindrical Parts with External Cross Ribs
	4 Defects, Causes and Defects Reducing Methods
		4.1 Misalignment Defects
		4.2 Diameter Expansion Defects
		4.3 Axial Slip Defects
	5 Conclusions
	References
Study on the Behavior of Rotating Material Around the Pass Line at Exit with Caliber-Rolling for Wire and Rod
	1 Introduction
	2 Procedure
		2.1 Experimental Procedure
		2.2 Analysis
	3 Experiment and Analysis Results of Rotation Behavior of Material After Rolling
	4 The Change in the Rotational Moment and Angular Velocity in the Roll Bite
	5 Conclusion
	References
Development of Inverse Method to Estimate Stresses on the Roll Surface During Rolling
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Method
		2.1 Equipment
	3 Mathematical Treatment for Inverse Method
		3.1 Relationship Between Coefficients of Strains and of Stresses in Stress Function
		3.2 Optimizing Fourier Coefficients
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Experimental Conditions
		4.2 Measured Stress Distribution
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
Development of Dimensional Control Technology for Seamless Steel Pipe Rolling by Controlling Circumference Length in Sizing Mill
	1 Introduction
	2 Features of SZM Rolling and Existing SZM Rolling Control Technology
	3 Proposal of New Rolling Control Technology
	4 Verification of Dimensional Accuracy of New Rolling Control Technology by Actual Test
	5 Considerations for Further Improvement of Outer Diameter Dimensional Accuracy
	6 Conclusion
	References
Deformation Characteristics and Microstructure Evolution of GH4169 Alloy Bars with δ-phase in Flexible Skew Rolling
	1 Introduction
	2 FE Simulation and Experimental Arrangement
		2.1 Establishment of FE Model
		2.2 Experimental Arrangement
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 FE Simulation Results
		3.2 Experimental Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Temperature Control During the Process Combination Welding and Rolling for Enabling Full Recrystallization with Homogenized Grain Size Distribution
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Lateral Spread in Industrial Hot Rolling Processes
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
New Discoveries in Cold Rolling: Understanding Stress Distribution and Parameter Dependence for Faster, More Accurate Models
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model
		2.1 FE Method Implementation in Abaqus
		2.2 Verification of Quasi-static Behaviour
	3 Results
		3.1 Mesh Density
		3.2 Material Damping
	4 Physical Insights
	5 Conclusion
	References
New Models for Cold Rolling: Generalized Slab Theory and Slip Lines for Fast Predictions Without Finite Elements
	1 Introduction
	2 Governing Equations
	3 Solution for Narrow Aspect Ratios
		3.1 Leading-Order Solution
		3.2 First-Order Solution
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Cr Concentration and Oxide Scale Composition in Hot Rolling Tools
	1 Introduction
	2 Evaluation Items and Experimental Method
		2.1 Relationship Between Cr Concentration and Oxide Scale Composition
		2.2 Scale Wear Resistance Test
	3 Results of Hot Sliding Test
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Innovative ASR Technology for Profile Contour and Flatness Control of Electrical Steel in Multiple-Width Schedule Free Rolling
	1 Introduction
	2 The FEM for Hot Rolling Roll Stacks
	3 ASR Work Roll Contour for Multiple-Width SFR
		3.1 ASR Technical Principle
		3.2 Design of ASR Work Roll Contour for Multiple-Width SFR
	4 ASR Rolling Strategy of Multiple-Width SFR
		4.1 ASR Work Roll Wear Evaluation Parameters
		4.2 Simulation of ASR Shifting Strategy for Multi-Width SFR
		4.3 ASR Simulation of Different Width Group Scheme
	5 Industrial Application and Effect Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Fast Numerical Model for Predicting Residual Stresses in Hot Rolled Profiles Taking into Account Phase Transformations in Steel
	1 Introduction
	2 Material
		2.1 Chemical Composition
		2.2 Elastic-Plastic Properties
		2.3 Thermodynamics
		2.4 Kinetics of Transient Transformation
	3 Model of Residual Stresses Taking into Account Phase Transformations
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Phase Transformation Model
		4.2 Residual Stresses
	5 Conclusions
	References
Examination of a Composite Ring Rolling Process with Different Wall Thicknesses to Produce a Ring of 1.7225 and 1.4462 in FEM and Experiment
	1 Introduction
	2 Influence of Wall Thickness Ratio on Composite Ring Rolling
		2.1 Simulation with Equal Wall Thicknesses of the Inner- and Outer Ring
		2.2 Simulation with Unequal Wall Thicknesses of the Rings
		2.3 Simulative Studies for Additional Axial Height Reduction
		2.4 Experimental Validation
	3 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
A Study of Void Closure in Hot Rolling Bars of Stainless Steel
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology of Investigation
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Modeling of the Redistribution of Residual Stresses in Deep Rolled Cross Bores in Shafts from GJS700-2*-1pc
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedure
	3 Process Model
		3.1 Material Model
		3.2 Validation of the Simulation Models
		3.3 Residual Stresses in Dependence of Rolling Pressure and Overlap
		3.4 Redistributed Residual Stresses
	4 Summary and Outlook
	References
Physical and Numerical Modeling of Micro-extrusion Behavior of AA3xxx Aluminum Alloy in Cold Roll Bonding
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental and Numerical Procedure
	3 Results
	4 Summary
	References
Simulation of the Third Octave Chatter Phenomenon Using a Numerical Model for a Tandem Cold Rolling Mill
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Description
		2.1 Stand Structure Model
		2.2 Roll Bite Modeling
		2.3 Stand Coupling
		2.4 Parameters Assessment
	3 Results
	4 Conclusions
	References
Asperity Forming Using Printed Tools in Rolling
	1 Introduction
		1.1 A Subsection Sample
	2 Experimental Conditions
		2.1 Rolling Mill and Work Piece
		2.2 Specimen and Tool
		2.3 Conditions
	3 Results
		3.1 Influence of Roll Gap
		3.2 Influence of Roll Diameter
	4 Conclusion
	References
Towards a Generalized Template for Smart Manufacturing Use Cases
	1 Analysis of the Current Smart Manufacturing Use Cases
		1.1 IEC TC65 /WG23
		1.2 IEC TC 8
		1.3 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 42
	2 Comparison and Discussion
	3 Proposed Use Case Template for Smart Manufacturing
	4 Use Case of Optimization for Work Roll Contour of Cold Rolling Non-Oriented Silicon Steel Strip by UCMW Cold Mill
	5 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
An Experimental Study of Flexible Skew Rolling Bar Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Flexible Skew Rolling bar Process
	3 Rolling Experiment
	4 Defects and Treatment in Flexible Skew Rolling Process
		4.1 The Concavity Defect in the Process of Flexible Skew Rolling
		4.2 The Spiral Mark Defect in the Process of Flexible Skew Rolling
		4.3 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusion
	References
The ERW Tube Cold Roll Forming Simulation with Different Cage Roll Arrangement and Fin-Pass Design
	1 Introduction
	2 Roll Forming Process and Tool Design
		2.1 Roll-flower and Cage Roll Design
		2.2 Fin Pass Roll Profile Design Method
		2.3 FEM Simulations
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Sheet Blank Deformation at the Fin-Pass 1 Operation
		3.2 Contact Pressure Distribution
		3.3 Strain Distribution in the Circumferential Direction
	4 Conclusions
	References
Hot Rolling Modelling: Optimization of Trimmed Area Based on Crocodiling and Edge Cracking Simulations
	1 Introduction
	2 Material Behavior Laws
	3 Numerical Optimization of Hot Rolled Aluminium
		3.1 Crocodiling Effect
		3.2 Edger Strategy
	4 Investigation of a New Damage Model
	5 Conclusions
	References
Extrusion
A Low Force Extrusion Technique for Producing Wide-Thin Aluminium Panels
	1 Introduction
	2 Multi-Container Extrusion Technique and Experiments
		2.1 Principle of Multi-Container Extrusion Method
		2.2 Establishment of Three-Container Extrusion System
		2.3 Three-Container Extrusion Test Programme
	3 Experimental Results and Extrusion Force Analysis
		3.1 Extruded Profiles
		3.2 Comparison of Extrusion Force with Porthole Extrusion
	4 Three-Container Extrusion for Industrial Applications: Simulation and Comparison with Conventional Extrusion
		4.1 Application Scenario
		4.2 Three-Container Extrusion Using the Same Force as in Industry
	5 Conclusions
	References
Wear Analysis of Hot Extrusion Punch for Large Fan Shaft Based on Archard Wear Theory
	1 Introduction
	2 Hot Extrusion Process of Large Fan Shaft
	3 Fan Shaft Hot Extrusion and Punch Wear Models
		3.1 FE Model of Fan Shaft Hot Extrusion
		3.2 Punch Wear Model
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Wear Distribution of Extrusion Punch
		4.2 The Effect of Draft Angle
		4.3 The Effect of Draft Height
		4.4 Prediction of Accumulative Wear Depth of Punch
	5 Production Validation
	6 Conclusions
	References
Improvement of Mechanical Property Variation in Rapidly Solidified Al-Fe Alloy Hot Extruded Material for Electrical Conductors by Composition Gradient Control of the Billet
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Influence of Materials and Its Conditions on Pin-Extrusion from Sheet Metal
	1 Introduction
	2 Process Setup and Material Characteristics
		2.1 Process Setup and Parameters
		2.2 Material Characteristics
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Development of a Basic Understanding of the Material Flow by Simulations with Model Materials
		3.2 Experimental Verification of the Findings
	4 Summary and Outlook
	References
Simulative Model for the Feasibility Study and Stress Analysis of Full Dense Rods and Pipes Produced by Friction Stir Extrusion
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Pass-Schedule Design for Non-circular Wire Drawing
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental and Analytical Conditions
		2.1 Experimental Details
		2.2 FE Model
	3 Results
		3.1 Experimental Results
		3.2 Analytical Results
	4 Discussion
		4.1 Elongation by Drawing Process
		4.2 Lateral Spread by Drawing Process
		4.3 Drawing Schedule of the Wire with Elliptic Cross-Section
	5 Conclusion
	References
Exploring a Novel Process for Reducing Aluminum Extrusion Process Scrap
	1 Introduction
		1.1 The Profiled Dummy Block and Billet Concept
		1.2 Scope of This Article
	2 Design Process for Profiled Dummy Blocks
		2.1 Step 1: Deriving Idealized (Rigid) Profiled Dummy Block Geometries
		2.2 Steps 2–4: Rationalizing the Dummy Block Design
	3 Testing the Design Method
		3.1 Step 1: The Geometry of an Idealized (Rigid) Profiled Dummy Block
		3.2 Steps 2–4: Geometric Feasibility, Deformation, and Ductile Damage Analysis
	4 Experimental Results and Discussion
		4.1 Effect on the Back-End Defect
		4.2 The Potential for Multi-profile Tooling
	5 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Processability of Mg-Gd Powder via Friction Extrusion
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Methods
		2.1 Feedstock
		2.2 Friction Extrusion
		2.3 Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Processing Behavior
		3.2 Powder Consolidation
		3.3 Mechanical Properties
	4 Conclusions
	References
Assessment of Recently Developed Low-Force Extrusion Methods for Manufacturing Aluminium Vehicular Hydrogen Tank Liners
	1 Introduction
	2 Backward Extrusion of Hydrogen Tank Liners
	3 Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of Extrusion Forces
	4 Conclusions
	References
Comparison of Stationary and Movable Valves for Continuous Hot Extrusion
	1 Introduction
	2 Function of Stationary and Movable Valves
	3 Ram Forces and Profile Temperatures
	4 Influence on the Profile
	5 Conclusion
	References
Novel Extrusion Process for the Production of Aluminum-Polymer-Composites
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental and Numerical Investigations
		2.1 Experimental Demonstration of Co-extrusion
		2.2 Pressure Distribution
	3 Influence on Profile Geometry
	4 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Die Design on Charge Welds in Aluminium Extrusion
	1 Introduction
	2 Experiments and Numerical Modelling
		2.1 Experimental Work
		2.2 Numerical Modelling
		2.3 Model Validation
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Forming Zone in Dieless Wire Drawing Process of Thin Biometallic Wires
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Experiments
		2.3 Finite Element Simulation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Development of the Forming Zone
		3.2 State Variables in the Forming Zone
		3.3 Material- and Parameter-Dependent Forming Zone Length
	4 Conclusion
	References
On-Demand Fabrication of Composites with Prescribed Properties by Multifilament Cold Extrusion
	1 Introduction and Multi-property Design
	2 Multi-filament Cold Extrusion Process
	3 Experiment
		3.1 Materials and Extrusion Conditions
		3.2 Filament Configurations
		3.3 Characterization
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Deformation in Extrusion
		4.2 Properties of the Extruded Rods
	5 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Investigation of Full Forward Extrusion with Downstream Strain Hardening via Deep Rolling
	1 Introduction
	2 Objective and Approach
	3 FE-Model-Setup
		3.1 Friction and Material Models
		3.2 Validation
	4 Results
	5 Discussion
	6 Summary and Outlook
	References
Influence of Process Parameters and Die Design on the Microstructure and Texture Development of Direct Extruded Magnesium Flat Products
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Procedures
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Summary and Outlook
	References
Influence of Material Flow on Forming Conditions in Backward Cup Extrusion
	1 Introduction
	2 Conditions of FEM Analysis
	3 Result of Comparison Between Experiment and FEM Analysis
		3.1 Relationship Between Punch Nose Shape and Forming Pressure
		3.2 Distribution of Equivalent Strain Using Punch of Typical Nose Shape
		3.3 Relationship Between Punch Nose Shape and Surface Expansion Ratio
	4 Conclusion
	References
Minimizing Quench Distortion and Improving the Toughness of Complex Hollow Extrusions Using Internal Cooling
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Evaluating the Mechanical Properties of Hollow Extrusions Over the Cross-Section
		2.2 Thermal History of Conventionally Quenched Multi-hollow Profile
		2.3 Coupled Thermo-mechanical Simulation of Conventional Quenching Compared to Simultaneous Quenching
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Results of the Mechanical Properties Evaluation Over the Cross-Section
		3.2 Thermal History and Contours of Conventionally Quenched Multi-hollow Profile
		3.3 Results of Coupled Thermo-mechanical Simulation Case Studies
	4 Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Tube Forming
Segmentation Method for Bending Tools – Fundamental Investigation of Profile Forming by Segmented Tools
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Investigations
		2.1 Mechanical Characterization
		2.2 Lateral Indentation Tests
	3 Validation of a Finite Element Model
	4 Deformation Phenomena Due to Lateral Loading by Segmented Surfaces
	5 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Process Development for Passive Granular Media-Based Tube Press Hardening
	1 Introduction
	2 Process Defects in the Non-assisted Forming of Tubes
	3 Passive Granular Media-Based Tube Press Hardening
		3.1 Process Description
		3.2 FEM Modelling
	4 Analytical Derivation of the Required Filling Factor and the Occurring Process Forces
		4.1 Granules Filling Factor
		4.2 Process Forces
	5 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Forming Quality Indices for Tube Roll Forming: Definition and Modelling
	1 Introduction
	2 Roll Forming
		2.1 Material
		2.2 Modelling
		2.3 Forming Strategies
	3 Results
		3.1 Strain distribution
		3.2 Quality indices
	4 Conclusions
	References
Limitations of a New Forming Process for Vault Structured Recuperator Tubes
	1 State of Technology
	2 Numerical Approach
		2.1 Forming Simulation
	3 Experimental Approach
		3.1 Forming Test
		3.2 Experimental Procedure
	4 Conclusion
	References
Local Thickening of Thin-Walled Tubes by Boss Forming
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods and Procedures
		2.1 Mechanical and Formability Characterization
		2.2 Numerical Modelling
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Deformation Mechanics
		3.2 Boss Forming Forces
		3.3 Tool Design
	4 Conclusions
	References
Effect of Material on Strain Direction in Tube Expansion Drawing Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Experimental and Analysis Condition
		2.2 Measurement
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Forming Limit
		3.2 Thickness Reduction and Strain State in Formed Products
		3.3 Axial Strain εZ in Forming Products
	4 Conclusions
	References
Studies on Flow-Forming of Hybrid Components
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Set-Up
	3 Experimental Results
	4 Discussion of the Results
	5 Summary and Outlook
	References
Square Tube Fabrication by Expansion Drawing of Circular Tube
	1 Introduction
	2 Examination Using Finite Element Analysis
		2.1 Conditions for Analysis
		2.2 Influences of Plug Width and Half-Angle of Square Plug
		2.3 Influence of Plug Half-Angle of Circle-Square Plug
	3 Verification by Experiment
		3.1 Experimental Method and Conditions
		3.2 Distribution of Thickness and Gap in Circumferential Direction
	4 Conclusions
	References
Modelling of Tube Hydroforming Process: Identification of Best Process Parameters and Comparison Between Different FE Models
	1 Introduction
	2 FEM and Process Development
		2.1 PamStamp Model
		2.2 DeForm Model
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Discussion
	4 Conclusions and Future Works
	References
Modular Tool Setup for Internal Flow-Turning of Wall Contour Optimised Tubes
	1 Introduction
	2 Process Principle
		2.1 Adjustable Wall Thickness
		2.2 External Secondary Design Elements (External Longitudinal Ribs)
	3 Modular Tool Setup
	4 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Friction on Corner Filling Deformation in Tube Hydroforming Process by Real-Time Measurement
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Analysis
	3 Experiment
		3.1 Design of Experimental Setup
		3.2 Tube Materials
		3.3 Experimental Scheme
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Effect of Friction on Forming Pressure of Typical Points
		4.2 Effect of Friction on Circumferential Strain Distribution
	5 Conclusions
	References
Numerical Simulation of Residual Stress in the JCO-Welding-Calibration Whole Process Forming of the Submarine Pipeline Pipes
	1 Introduction
	2 The FEM of JCO-Welding-Calibration
		2.1 Constitutive Model
		2.2 FEM of JCO-Welding-Calibration
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 JCO Forming
		3.2 Seaming and Welding
		3.3 Multi-direction Compression Calibration
	4 Conclusions
	References
Incremental Forming
On the Relevance of Modeling Options in ABAQUS Regarding the Spinning Process Simulation*-1pc
	1 Introduction
	2 Cone Shear Spinning FE Model Development
		2.1 Model Database
		2.2 Prior Fundamental Choices and Numerical Aspects of Interest
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Forge vs. Abaqus/Explicit: Results for 11.80 s Process Time
		3.2 SC8R Continuum Shells vs. C3D8R Continuum Solid Bricks
		3.3 ALE Formulation vs. Lagrangian Formulation
		3.4 Influence of the Contact Method
		3.5 Modified Kinematics vs. Classical Kinematics
	4 Conclusion
	References
Distortion Reduction in Incremental Beading
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Experimental Plan
		2.2 Distortion Measurements
	3 FEM Modeling of Incremental Beading
		3.1 Material Modeling
		3.2 Boundary Conditions and Contact
		3.3 Element Type and Meshing
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Trial A – Single-Hit Experiments
		4.2 Trial B – Decreasing LDP Reduces Distortion
		4.3 Trial C – Coupon Length Along Beading Direction Dominates Distortion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Numerical Approach to Model a Novel Electrohydraulic Incremental Forming Process for the Manufacture of Pillow Plate Heat Exchangers
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Experimental Setup
		2.2 Modeling of the Solid Components
		2.3 Modeling of the Fluid Components
	3 Model Validation
	4 Conclusion
	References
Tailored Heat Treatment Strategy for the Orbital Forming of Functional Components from EN AW-7075
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Setup
		2.1 Orbital Forming of Functional Components
		2.2 Application of a Local Short-Term Heat Treatment
		2.3 Material and Lubrication
	3 Identification of Process Limits When Orbital Forming of Conventional High-Strength Aluminum Blanks
	4 Material Flow Control by a Tailored Heat-Treatment Strategy
	5 Summary and Outlook
	References
Modelling of Stress Evolution and Its Effect on Formability in Tension Under Cyclic Bending Plus Compression
	1 Introduction
	2 Analytical Model of the TCB and TCBC Tests
		2.1 General Case of Deformation
		2.2 Strain Evolution in Bending and Unbending Process
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Analysis and Modelling of the Deformation in the Manufacture of Flange-Contours by the Combined Friction-Spinning and Flow-Forming Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Experimental Investigations
		3.1 Evolution of the Flange Contour
		3.2 Influences of the Process Parameters on the Twist Angle ßc and the Displacement dc
		3.3 Parameter-Based Modelling of the Twist Angle ßc
		3.4 Modelling of the Twist Angle ß by the Length of the Friction Path xtan
	4 Summary and Outlook
	References
Controlling Product Properties by Compressive Stress-Superposed Incremental Forming
	1 Introduction
	2 Procedure
	3 Results
		3.1 Process Forces
		3.2 Geometry
		3.3 Wall Thickness and Material Hardening
		3.4 Residual Stress
	4 Summary and Outlook
	References
Temperature Control of the Two-Point Incremental Forming Process to Achieve Homogeneous Martensite Content Based on Finite Element Simulations
	1 Introduction
	2 Finite Element Simulations
	3 Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Electrically-Assisted Incremental Forming of Invar 36 Sheet
	1 Introduction
	2 Material and Methods
		2.1 Material and Experiment
		2.2 Simulation Setup
		2.3 Orthogonal Arrays
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusion
	References
Surface and Friction Characterisation of Rotational Vibration-Assisted Incremental Sheet Forming
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Testing Methods
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	References
Modelling and Mechanics of Shear Spinning
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Experimental Work
		2.2 Modelling Approach
		2.3 Model Validation
	3 Process Mechanics
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Hybrid Incremental Sheet Forming Process for Fabricating Functional Surface Microtextures
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Method
		2.1 Experimental Setup
		2.2 Experimental Plan
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 The Press-In Depth
		3.2 The Step Size
		3.3 The Surface Roughness
		3.4 The Surface Morphology
	4 Conclusions
	References
Stress Relief in WAAM SS316L Flow-Formed Tube
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
Robotic SPIF Numerical Chain Development and Validation
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of the Experimental Process
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Force Analysis
		3.2 Study of the Deviations in the (O, Z) Direction
		3.3 Analysing the Surface Quality
	4 Setup of a Numerical Model
	5 Conclusions
	References
Author Index