Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (ISHVAC 2019): Volume II: Heating, Ventilation, Air ... (Environmental Science and Engineering)

Committees
	Conference Organizing Committee PresidentProf. Zhaojun Wang, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaTechnical Program ChairProf. Jing Liu, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaAdvisory ChairProf. Yingxin Zhu, Tsinghua University, ChinaSecretary-GeneralPeng Wang, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaMembersFang Wang, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaChao Shen, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaJiankai Dong, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaYanling Wang, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaZhigang Zhou, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaHaiyan Wang, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaXiumei Bai, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaStudent MembersYuchen Ji, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaQingwen Xue, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaXiaowen Su, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaSubei Bu, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaXin Chen, Harbin Institute of Technology, ChinaJing Du, Harbin Institute of Technology, China
	International Advisory Committee
	International Scientific Committee
Organization
	Organized byHost and OrganizerCo-organizer
	Supported by
List of Plenary Lectures
Preface
Contents
1 An Experimental Study on the Energy Use during a TES-Based Reverse Cycle Defrosting Method for Cascade Air Source Heat Pumps
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Prototype and Procedures
		2.1 Experimental Prototype
		2.2 Experimental Condition and Procedures
		2.3 Data Reductions
	3 Experimental Results
		3.1 Heat Consumptions
		3.2 Heat Supplies
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
2 Heating Method and Heat Recovery Potential Prediction of Underground Railway Station Using Waste Heat from Equipment Room
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model
		2.1 Calculating Model of Waste Heat and Heating Load in Metro Station
		2.2 Model of Water-Cooled Multi-connected Refrigeration System
		2.3 Model of Hot-Air Curtain
	3 Optimum Temperature of Loop Water
	4 Analysis and Prediction of System Performance
		4.1 Variation of Auxiliary Heating Load H with tw
		4.2 Variation of Q, Qa, and Hmax with t0
		4.3 Variation of EERr max and Rr (Qr’s Proportion in Q) with t0
		4.4 Variation of EERe with tw and t0
		4.5 Prediction of Recovery Potential on Waste Heat
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
3 Parametric Analysis and Exergy Analysis for a New Cogeneration System Based on Ejector Heat Pump
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Cycle Description and Assumptions
	3 Results
		3.1 Parametric Analysis
		3.2 Exergy Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
4 Modeling Method of Heat Pump System Based on Recurrent Neural Network
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Experimental Data Collection
		2.2 Recurrent Neural Network
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Training Result
		3.2 Application of Network Model on Heat Pump System
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
5 Experimental Study on the Influence of Uniformity Liquid Distribution on the Flow Pattern Conversion of Horizontal Tube
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experiment
		2.1 Experiment System
		2.2 Test Section
		2.3 Uncertainty Analysis
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Experimental Results
		3.2 Comparison with Existing Semi-empirical Models
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
6 Analysis of the Influence of Atomization Characteristics on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Spray Cooling
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Equipments and Methods
		2.1 Bench Construction
		2.2 PIV System Introduction
		2.3 Heat Flux Measurement and Data Acquisition Instrument
		2.4 Experimental Procedure
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of Flow Rate Change on Atomization State and Heat Transfer Performance
		3.2 Effect of Nozzle Pore Size Variation on Atomization State and Heat Transfer Performance
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
7 Research of Personalized Heating by Radiant Floor Panels in Hot Summer–Cold Winter Area
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Experimental Environment
		2.2 Experimental Procedures
		2.3 Questionnaire
		2.4 Numerical Simulations
	3 Results
		3.1 Local Thermal Sensation Comparison for Different Parts
		3.2 Local Thermal Sensation Comparison
		3.3 Numerical Simulations
	4 Discussions
	5 Conclusions
	References
8 Passive Thermal Protections of Smoke Exhaust Fans for a High-Temperature Heat Source
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Physical Model
		2.2 Simulation Content and Method
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
9 Investigation on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane-Based Electrochemical Dehumidification with Photoelectro-Catalyst Anode for Air-Conditioning
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Preparation of the Catalysts
		2.2 Test Method of Water Photolysis Performance
	3 Results
		3.1 Characterization of the Catalysts
		3.2 Photocatalytic Decomposition of Liquid Water
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
10 Characteristics of a Natural Heat Transfer Air-Conditioning Terminal Device for Nearly Zero Energy Buildings
	Abstract
	1 First Section
	2 Experiment Setup
	3 Test Results and Analysis
		3.1 Test Results and Analysis Under Heating Mode
		3.2 Test Results and Analysis Under Cooling Mode
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
11 Study on Independent Air Conditioning System Based on the Temperature and Humidity of Rotary Dehumidifier and Heat Pipe
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 System Scheme and Working Principle
	3 Thermal Calculation of the System
		3.1 Thermodynamic Calculation of the Rotary Dehumidifier
		3.2 Thermal Calculation of Heat Pipe
		3.3 Performance Indicators of the System
	4 Case Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
12 The Influence Factors and Performance Optimization Analysis of the Total Heat Exchanger
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Establishment of Physical Model
		2.2 Computational Method
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
13 On-Site Operation Performance Investigation of Nocturnal Cooling Radiator for Heat Radiation
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The NCR Test Rig
		2.1 The NCR
		2.2 The Auxiliary Equipments
	3 Test Results
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
14 Simulative Investigation of Ground-Coupled Heat Pump System with Spiral Coil Energy Piles
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Establishment of Energy Pile
		2.1 Temperature Response to the Spiral Heat Source
		2.2 Temperature Response of Pipe Wall
		2.3 Temperature Response of Circulating Water
	3 Model Establishment of Heat Pump Unit
	4 Results
		4.1 Field Temperature Response to the Sample Spiral Coil Energy Pile
		4.2 Operation Parameters of the Sample Spiral Coil Energy Pile
		4.3 Performances of the Heat Pump Unit
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
15 A Developed CRMC Design Method and Numerical Modeling for the Ejector Component in the Steam Jet Heat Pumps
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Developed CRMC Model for Ejector Component
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
16 Working Fluid Selection and Thermodynamic Performance of the Steam Jet Large-Temperature-Drop Heat Exchange System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 SJHE System Model
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 System Application Scope and Working Fluid Selection
		3.2 Thermodynamic Performance Evaluation
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
17 Optimization Method of Reducing Return Water Temperature of Primary Heating Circuit
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Optimization Module 1-Single Exchanger in Parallel (Increase the Heat Transfer Area of the Plate Heat Exchanger)
		2.2 Optimization Module 2-Two Exchangers in Series
		2.3 Optimization Module 3-Two Exchangers in Parallel then in Series with the Third One
		2.4 Optimization of Plate Heat Exchangers Combination in Heat Exchange Station
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	References
18 Simulation Study on Nominal Heat Extraction of Deep Borehole Heat Exchanger
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Overview of Deep Borehole Heat Exchange
	3 Simulation of Nominal Heat Extraction of Underground Heat Exchanger
		3.1 Definition of Nominal Heat Extraction
		3.2 Calculation of Nominal Heat Extraction
	4 Results
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
19 Numerical Study of Data Center Composite Cooling System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Heat Pipe Technology
		2.2 Analyzed Data Center
		2.3 Model of Data Center
		2.4 Governing Equations and Turbulence Model
		2.5 Boundary Conditions Setting
		2.6 Grid Generation
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
20 Influence of Air Supply Outlet on Displacement Ventilation System for Relic Preservation Area in Archaeology Museum
	Abstract
	1 Information
	2 Experimental System and Method
		2.1 Experimental System
		2.2 Arrangement of the Measuring Points
		2.3 Experimental Mode
	3 Results
		3.1 Outdoor Climate Conditions
		3.2 Temperature and Humidity Distribution in Experimental Exhibition Hall
		3.3 Air Velocity Distribution in Cultural relic Preservation Area
		3.4 Balance Analysis of Soil–Air Coupled Preservation Environment
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
21 A Study on Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM)-Based Electrolytic Air Dehumidification for Sub-Zero Environment
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
22 Experimental Investigation on an Evaporative Cooling System for the Environmental Control in Archaeology Museum
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Moisture Transfer and Water Replenishing for Earthen Site
		2.2 Experiment Set-up
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Temperature and RH Distributions 	at the Preservation Area
		3.2 Water Recovery of the Earthen Site
		3.3 Energy Consumption Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
23 Numerical Simulation of a Double-Layer Kang Based on Chimney Effect
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 The Physical Model
		2.2 Numerical Equations and Calculation Methods
			2.2.1 The Governing Equations
			2.2.2 Parameters and Boundary Definition
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 The Indoor Temperature and Outlet Velocity in Different Situations
		3.2 The Streamlines and Temperature Contours
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
24 Analysis on Control Mechanism and Response Characteristics of Residential Thermostats in District Heating Systems
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Thermal Process Analysis
		2.1 Convection-Radiation Ratio
		2.2 Heat Transfer Between the Neighborhoods
		2.3 Thermal Inertia of Heating System
	3 Test Results
		3.1 Room Temperature Response Rate
		3.2 Thermal Inertia Effect in Time Domain
		3.3 Radiator Surface Temperature Variation
		3.4 Disturbance of Solar Radiation and Ventilation
	4 Discussions
		4.1 The Goal of Terminal Control
		4.2 The Time Scale of Terminal Control
		4.3 Coordinate of Terminal and Source Control
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
25 The Study on the Influence of the Containing Ice Ratio on the Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Ice Slurry in Coil Tubes
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Physical Model Establishment, Meshing and Boundary Condition Setting
		2.1 Geometric Model and Mesh Generation
		2.2 Boundary Condition Setting
		2.3 Basic Assumptions
	3 Simulation Results and Analysis
		3.1 Influence of the Containing Ice Ratio on Flow Characteristics
		3.2 Influence of the Containing Ice Ratio on the Distribution of Ice Particles in the Pipeline
		3.3 Effect of the Containing Ice Ratio on Heat Exchange and Pressure Drop
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
26 Multivariable Linear Regression Model for Online Predictive Control of a Typical Chiller Plant System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Description of the Chiller Plant
		2.2 Multivariable Linear Regression (MLR) and Model Development
		2.3 Model Validation and Model Performance
		2.4 Online Application of the MLR Model
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Performance of the Chiller Plant
		3.2 Energy Consumption of the Chiller Plant
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
27 Applied Analysis of the Direct Cooling by Cooling Towers in Lanzhou Area
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Calculation
		2.1 Principles and Equations
		2.2 Results and Analysis
	3 Practice
		3.1 Project Overview
		3.2 Operation and Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
28 Experimental Investigation on Humidity-Sensitive Properties of Polyimide Film for Humidity Sensors
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The Preparation of Polyimide Films
	3 Test Facility for Effective Diffusion Coefficient
	4 The Test Data and the Processing
		4.1 The Calculation Equations of Effective Diffusion Coefficient
		4.2 Ingredient Influence on Film Humidity-Sensitive Property
		4.3 Thickness Influence on Film Humidity-Sensitive Property
		4.4 Concentration Influence on Film Humidity-Sensitive Property
		4.5 Temperature Influence on Film Humidity-Sensitive Property
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
29 Research of the Influence of Valve Position on Flow Measurement of Butterfly Valve with Differential Pressure Sensor
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
30 Analysis on Performance of Solar Novel Heat Pipes Radiant Heating System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Propose the Novel Heat Pipe
	3 The Principle of Heat Pipe Heating System
	4 Experimental Device
	5 Results and Analysis
		5.1 Thermal Effect of Heat Pipe Heating System
		5.2 The Influence of the Number of Heat Pipes
		5.3 Heat Transfer Effect of Heat Pipe Heating System
	6 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
31 Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Air–Air Total Heat Exchanger with Plate-Fin
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Establishment of Physical Model
		2.2 Mathematical Model
		2.3 Brief Description of Fluent Internal Setting
		2.4 Verification of the Calculation Model
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Analysis of the Effect of Channel Height on Heat Exchanger Performance
		3.2 The Influence of Inflow Angle on Heat Exchanger Performance When the Length of Counterflow Section Changes
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
32 Evaluation of Factors Toward Flow Distribution in the Dividing Manifold Systems with Parallel Pipe Arrays Using the Orthogonal Experiment Design
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Physical Model
		2.2 Assumptions and CFD Numerical Simulation
	3 Orthogonal Experiment Design
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Analysis of Range (ANORA)
		4.2 Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
33 Performance Studies of R134a-Dimethylformamide Absorption Refrigeration System for Utilizing Bus Exhaust Gas Based on Aspen Plus Software
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Cycle Description and Working Principles
		2.2 Property Calculation Model
		2.3 Simulation Model of Absorption Cycle
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
34 Study on Influence of Outdoor Airflow on Performance of Evaporative Cooling Composite Air-Conditioning System for Data Center
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Center Air-Conditioning System
	3 System Mathematical Model
		3.1 Evaporative Condenser Model
		3.2 Finned Evaporator Model
		3.3 Refrigerant Pump Model
	4 Simulation Results and Analysis
		4.1 Influence of Outdoor Airflow on Heat Pipe Performance
		4.2 Influence of Outdoor Airflow on Vapor Compression Performance
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
35 Numerical Simulation of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Elliptical Tube Perforated Fins Heat Exchanger
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Solution
		2.1 Physical Model and Boundary Conditions
		2.2 Data Reductions
		2.3 Model Validation
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Temperature Field and Velocity Field
		3.2 Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics
		3.3 Comprehensive Performance
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
36 Research on Cooling Effect of Data Center Cabinet Based on on-Demand Cooling Concept
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Working Principle of the Cabinet
		2.1 Other Parameters
	3 Methods
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Influence of Air Intake
		4.2 Influence of Air Inlet Temperature
		4.3 Influence of the Structure of Cabinet
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
37 Analysis for Vibration Characteristics of Water Pump Piping System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Pipe Vibration Principle
		2.1 Calculation of Reaction Force Rm Under Extreme Displacement
		2.2 Acceleration Calculation of the Ultimate Vibration
		2.3 Calculation of the Ultimate Vibration Displacement
		2.4 Calculation of Natural Frequency
	3 Brief Introduction of Pipeline System
	4 Simulation Results and Discussion
		4.1 Simulation Method
		4.2 Simulation Process
		4.3 Boundary Conditions
		4.4 Node Number
		4.5 Mode Shape Analysis
	5 Test
	6 Analysis
		6.1 Analysis Between Calculations and Measurements
		6.2 Analysis of Error
	7 Optimized Methodology
		7.1 Adjusting the Numbers of Hangers
		7.2 Replacing Elbow with Tee
		7.3 Decreasing the Number of Elbows
	8 Conclusions
	References
38 Analysis on Transient Thermal Behaviors of the Novel Vapor Chamber
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Test Device
	3 Temperature Rise at Start and Stop
	4 Thermal Resistance Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
39 The Role of Cylinder Obstacles before Air Conditioning Filter in the Quenching of Flame Propagation during Their Gas Deflagration Production Process
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 The Geometry Model and Meshing
		2.2 The Mathematical Model
		2.3 The Boundary Conditions and the Initial Conditions
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 The Effect of the Thickness of Reticulated Polyurethane on the Position of the Flame Front
		3.2 The Effect of the Thickness of Reticulated Polyurethane on the Inhibition of Pressure Wave
		3.3 The Effect of the Thickness of Reticulated Polyurethane on the Temperature Distribution of the Deflagration Process
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
40 An Association Rule-Based Online Data Analysis Method for Improving Building Energy Efficiency
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Stage 1: Offline Training
		2.2 Stage 2: Online Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Data Source
		3.2 Offline Training Results
		3.3 Online Analysis Results
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
41 Numerical Study on Two-Phase Flow of Transcritical CO2 in Ejector
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Models
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
42 3D Numerical Simulation on Flow Field Characteristic Inside the Large-Scale Adjustable Blade Axial-Flow Fan
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Geometric Model
	3 Numerical Model and Calculation Method
	4 Simulation Results and Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
43 A Study of Wet-Bulb Temperature and Approach Temperature Based Control Strategy of Water-Side Economizer Free-Cooling System for Data Center
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	References
44 Effect of Adding Ambient Air Before Evaporating on Multi-stage Heat Pump Drying System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Structure and Mathematical Simulation
		2.1 Introduction the Structure of Multi-stage Heat Pump System
		2.2 Mathematical Models
		2.3 Evaluation Index of Heat Pump Drying System
	3 Results and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
45 Study on Moisture Transfer Characteristics of Corn during Drying Process at Low Air Temperature
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Drying Model
		2.1 Physical Model
		2.2 Mathematical Model
		2.3 Thermo Physical Properties and Values
	3 Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
46 The Study on a Dual Evaporating Temperatures-Based Chilled Water System Applied in Small-to-Medium Residential Buildings
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 System Design
		2.1 Object Building
		2.2 Cooling and Heating Loads Results
		2.3 System Design
	3 Introduction of Experiments
		3.1 The Experimental Rig
		3.2 Experimental Conditions
	4 Results and Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
47 Study on the Inter-Stage Release Characteristics of Two-Stage Compression Heat Pump System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model
	3 Results
		3.1 Mass Flow Rate of Each Mass in the Circulation Loop
		3.2 Influence of Different Release Characteristics on Intermediate Pressure
		3.3 Influence of Different Release Characteristics on System Heat Capacity Qhot
		3.4 Influence of Different Release Characteristics on System Heat Capacity COPhot
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
48 Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of a New Evaporative Condenser
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Actual System Synopsis
		2.2 Actual Measurement Methods and Contents
		2.3 Modeling
		2.4 Equations and Parameters Setting
	3 Discussion
		3.1 Refrigerant Temperature Measured and Simulation Results
		3.2 Heat Transfer Capacity and Air Resistance
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
49 Studying the Performance of an Indirect Evaporative Pre-cooling System in Humid Tropical Climates
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Validation
		3.2 Pre-cooled Air Treatment Profiles
		3.3 Impact of the Pre-cooling on the Chiller
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
50 Preheating Strategy of Intermittent Heating for Public Buildings in Cold Areas of China
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Simulation Software
		2.2 Internal Disturbance and Ventilation Rates Setting
		2.3 Building Thermal Parameters
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Indoor Temperature
		3.2 Decision of Preheating Time
		3.3 Heat Consumption Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
51 On-Site Performance Investigation of the Existing Ground Source Heat Pump Systems in Residential Buildings in Cold Area
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Project Overview
	3 Test Plan
	4 Test Data Processing and Results
		4.1 Flow Rate Measurement Data Processing and Analysis
		4.2 Circulating Water Temperatures
		4.3 System Performance Analysis
		4.4 Thermal Analysis of Underground
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
52 Analysis of Heat and Mass Exchange Performance of Enthalpy Recovery Wheel
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Model of Enthalpy Recovery Wheel
		2.1 Teat and Mass Transfer Model
		2.2 Performance Indexes
	3 Model Parameters
	4 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
53 A New Two-Stage Compression Refrigeration System with Primary Throttling Intermediate Complete Cooling for Defrosting
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 System Overview
		2.1 Thermodynamic Process of Refrigeration Cycle
		2.2 Thermodynamic Process of Defrosting Cycle
		2.3 P-H Schematic Diagram of the System
	3 Thermal Analysis
	4 Results and Analysis
		4.1 Operating Parameters of the System with Different Refrigerants
		4.2 Effect of Evaporation and Condensation Temperatures on System Performance
		4.3 Effect of Refrigeration Capacity on COP of the System
	5 Conclusion
	References
54 Prediction of Pressure Drop in Adsorption Filter Using Friction Factor Correlations for Packed Bed
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Set up and Procedure
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Comparison Between the Experimental Data and the Calculation Results
		3.2 Accuracy and Common Applicability Range Parameters
	4 Conclusions
	References
55 Evaluations and Optimizations on Practical Performance of the Heat Pump Integrated with Heat-Source Tower in a Residential Area in Changsha, China
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 System Description and Analytical Method
		2.2 Practical Energy Performance of Heat Pumps in Cooling and Heating Season
	3 Results—Summary and Evaluations
		3.1 Heat Pump Unit Configuration
		3.2 Water Pump Configuration
		3.3 Unreasonable Control Strategy
	4 Discussion—Optimization and Solutions
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
56 Research on the Effect of Solid Particle Diameter on the Performance of Solid-Liquid Centrifugal Pump
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Numerical Simulation
		2.1 Basic Assumption
		2.2 Determination of Calculation Parameters
		2.3 Numerical Calculation Method
		2.4 Boundary Condition Settings
	3 Analysis of Calculation Results
		3.1 Contours of Volume Fraction in different particle diameters
		3.2 Velocity Vector Charts
		3.3 Analysis of External Characteristics
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
57 Experimental Study on Flow Maldistribution and Performance of Carbon Dioxide Microchannel Evaporator
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Microchannel Evaporator
	3 Experimental System
	4 Calculations and Analysis
		4.1 Impact of Carbon Dioxide Mass Flow Rate
		4.2 Impact of Evaporator Temperature
		4.3 Impact of Carbon Dioxide Inlet Dryness
		4.4 Analysis of Unevenness
	5 Conclusions
	References
58 Capture of High-Viscosity Particles: Utilizing Swirling Flow in the Multi-Layer Square Chamber
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Development of the Multi-layer Component
		2.2 CFD Simulation Setup
	3 Results
		3.1 Capture Efficiency
		3.2 Flow Resistance
	4 Discussions
	5 Conclusions
	References
59 Experimental Study on Vertical Temperature Profiles under Two Forms of Airflow Organization in Large Space during the Heating Season
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experiment
		2.1 Experimental Base Overview
		2.2 Experimental Measuring Points and Instruments
		2.3 Experimental Conditions
	3 Experiment
		3.1 Vertical Temperature Distribution
		3.2 Heat Supply and Thermal Efficiency
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
60 Experimental Study of Electroosmotic Effect in Composite Desiccant
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Description of a Novel Dehumidification Fin
	3 Experimental Methods
		3.1 The Fabrication of Composite Desiccant
		3.2 The Measurement of Dehumidification Rate
	4 Experimental Methods
		4.1 Adsorption Capacity
		4.2 Dehumidification Rate
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
61 District Heating System Load Prediction Using Machine Learning Method
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Data Preprocessing
		2.1 Data Outlier Elimination
		2.2 Correlation Analysis
	3 Prediction Methods
		3.1 Extreme Learning Machine (ELM)
		3.2 Prediction Model Performance Evaluation Criteria
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Correlation Analysis
		4.2 Prediction Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
62 A Case Study on Existing Building HVAC System Optimization of a Five-Star Hotel in Shanghai
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Project Description
	3 Operation Diagnosis
	4 Commission and Post-evaluation
		4.1 Add a Chilled Water Booster Pump to Magnetic Suspension Chiller Unit
		4.2 Turn off the Water Bypass
		4.3 Install Free-Cooling System
		4.4 Air-Conditioning Terminal Adjustment
	5 Results
	Acknowledgements
	References
63 Research on Heat and Moisture Transfer Characteristics of Soil in Unsaturated and Saturated Condition with Soil Stratification under Vertical Borehole Ground Heat Exchanger Operation
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Theories and Methods
		2.1 Heat and Moisture Migration Equation
		2.2 Physical Model Construction
		2.3 Initial Conditions
	3 Result and Discussions
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
64 Performance Analysis of a Hybrid Solar Energy, Heat Pump, and Desiccant Wheel Air-Conditioning System in Low Energy Consumption Building
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 System Description
		2.2 Modeling and Validation
		2.3 Building Description
		2.4 System Performance Simulation
	3 Results
		3.1 Building Load Calculation
		3.2 Operation Mode Optimization
		3.3 Indoor Thermal and Humid Environment
		3.4 Daily Energy Consumption
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
65 Feasibility of Hybrid Ground Source Heat Pump Systems Utilizing Capillary Radiation Roof Terminal in the Yangtze River Basin of China
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Discussion
	Acknowledgements
	References
66 Study on Energy Evolution Characteristics of Metro Environmental Control Equipment in Different Periods
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Method and Methodology
		2.1 Evaluation Index and the Measuring Method of the Chillers
		2.2 Evaluation Index and the Measuring Method of the Cooling Towers
		2.3 Evaluation Index and the Measuring Method of the Water Pumps
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Analysis of the Evolution Characteristics of Water Chillers
		3.2 Analysis of the Evolution Characteristics of Cooling Tower
		3.3 Analysis of the Evolution Characteristics of Pumps
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
67 Energy-Saving and Economic Analysis of Anaerobic Reactor Heating System Based on Biogas and Sewage Source Heat Pump
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Biogas Production
		2.2 Performance of Biogas Generator Set
	3 Results
		3.1 Determination of System Parameters
		3.2 Biogas Production and Waste Heat Recovery in the System
		3.3 Operation Conditions of the System
		3.4 Energy-Saving and Economy
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
68 Air-Conditioner Usage Patterns in Teaching Buildings of Universities by Data Mining Approach
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Data set and Preprocess
		2.1 Data set
		2.2 Data Process
	3 Methods
	4 Results
		4.1 Usage Profiles
		4.2 Usage Clusters
		4.3 Typical Pattern Recognition
	5 Discussion
	6 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
69 Design Optimization of Radiation Cooling Terminal for Ultra-low-Energy Consumption Office Buildings
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Influence of Radiation Area Ratios
		3.2 Influence of Different Laying Heights
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
70 Study on Operating Performance of Ground-Coupled Heat Pump with Seasonal Soil Cool Storage System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Basic Idea of GCHPSSCS System
		2.2 Building Overview
		2.3 Cooling and Heating Load
		2.4 Cool Storage Quantity and Time
		2.5 Computer Simulation Model of the System
	3 Results
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
71 Controlling Technique and Policy of Adjacent Rooms Pressure Difference in High-Level Biosafety Laboratory
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Main Technical Indicators of the High-Level Biosafety Laboratory
		2.1 Absolute and Relative Pressure Difference
		2.2 The Requirements of Absolute and Relative Pressure Difference for Working Condition Verification
	3 Pressure Disturbance Factors of the High-Level Biosafety Laboratory
		3.1 Airtightness of the Envelope Structure
		3.2 Key Protective Equipment
		3.3 Working Condition Conversion
		3.4 Other Factors
	4 Comparison and Analysis of Different Controlling Technique and Policy of Adjacent Rooms Pressure Difference in High-Level Biosafety Laboratory
		4.1 Common Pressure-Difference Controlling Mode
		4.2 Analysis of Controlling Technique and Policy of Adjacent Rooms Pressure Difference
			4.2.1 Laboratory A
			4.2.2 Laboratory B
			4.2.3 Summary
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
72 Investigated on Energy-Saving Measures of HVAC System in High-Level Biosafety Laboratory
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Typical Main Room Load Calculation
		2.1 Indoor Load of Typical Main Room
		2.2 Typical Main Room Air-Conditioning Process
		2.3 Typical Main Room Air-Conditioning Heat Load
	3 Analysis of Energy-Saving Methods
		3.1 Indoor Heat and Humidity Parameters Selection
			3.1.1 Relationship between indoor air parameters and design heat and humidity load in winter
		3.2 Relationship between indoor heat and humidity parameters and annual hot and cold load
			3.2.1 Relationship between indoor air condition point and annual cooling load of air-conditioning system
			3.2.2 Relationship between indoor air condition point and annual heat load of air-conditioning system
		3.3 Relationship between indoor heat and humidity parameters and air condition load
		3.4 Determining a Reasonable ACH of the Main Room
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
73 The Optimization Design of Sewage Heat Exchanger in Direct Sewage Source Heat Pump System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Calculation Method for Sewage Heat Exchanger
		2.1 Thermal Design
		2.2 Optimal Arrangement of Tube Rows
	3 Design Procedure and Application of Sewage 	Heat Exchanger
	4 Examples and Analysis
		4.1 Thermal Calculation Results
		4.2 Optimal Arrangement of Tube Rows
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
74 The Optimization of Sensitivity Coefficients for the Virtual in Situ Sensor Calibration in a LiBr–H2O Absorption Refrigeration System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Reviving Calibration Strategy for Vic
	3 Sensitivity Coefficients Optimization
	4 Case Study: The Effects of Sensitivity Coefficients on the Calibration Results
		4.1 VIC Application
		4.2 The Effect of Sensitivity Coefficients on the Calibration Accuracy
		4.3 The Global Sensitivity Analysis with Different Sensitivity Coefficients
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
75 Research on the Energy-Saving Coefficient and Environmental Effect of the Surface Water Source Heat Pump System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Heating Conditions
		2.2 For Refrigerate Conditions
		2.3 Heat Island Effect on Value-Added Energy Consumption
		2.4 Quantify Energy-Saving and Environmental Benefits
	3 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
76 Application of New Evaporative Cooling Air-Conditioning System in a Data Center in Xinjiang
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Principle
		2.1 Working Principle of Evaporative Water Chiller
		2.2 Working Principle of the Operation Mode
	3 Test and Analysis
		3.1 Performance Test of Evaporative Water Chiller
		3.2 Performance Test of Evaporative Cooling Fresh Air Handling Unit
		3.3 Performance Test of the Free Cooling 	Air-Conditioning System
		3.4 Measurement and Analysis of Environment in Data Center Room
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
77 Trial-and-Error Method for Variable Outdoor Air Volume Setpoint of VAV System Based on Outdoor Air Damper Static Pressure Difference Control
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Trial-and-Error Method for Variable OA Volume Setpoint
		2.1 Principle of Static Pressure Difference Control Method of Outdoor Air Damper
		2.2 Method for Determining Variable Setpoint of OA Volume
	3 Results
		3.1 Introduction of Test System
		3.2 Test Scheme
		3.3 Result Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
78 An Extension Theory-Based Fault Diagnosis Method for an Air Source Heat Pump
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental System Descriptions and Tests Arrangement
		2.1 Experimental System Descriptions
		2.2 Tests Arrangement
	3 Extension Theory-Based Fault Diagnosis Method Development
		3.1 Basics of Extension Theory
		3.2 Proposed Fault Diagnosis Method Development
			3.2.1 Matter-Element Model of Different Types of Fault for the ASHP
			3.2.2 Fault Diagnosis Procedure for the Proposed Extension Theory-Based Method
	4 Fault Diagnosis Results
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
79 Effect of Lewis Factor on Performance of Closed Heat Source Tower under Spraying Conditions
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 The Mathematical Model of the Closed HST
		2.2 Calculation Procedure
		2.3 Model Validation Results
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
80 An Experimental Study on the Thermosiphon Loop with a Microchannel Heat Sink Operating with the Phase Change Emulsion
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Preparation and Thermal Properties of Phase Change Emulsion
		2.1 Preparation of Phase Change Emulsion
		2.2 Thermal Properties of Phase Change Emulsion
	3 Experimental Apparatus
	4 Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
81 Experimental Study on Effect of Water Flow Rate on Heating Performance of a Series Bathing Wastewater Source Heat Pump Hot Water Unit
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of Tap Water Flow Rate
		3.2 Effect of Bathing Wastewater Flow Rate
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
82 Field Test Analysis of a Novel Continuous Running Dual-Channel Condensation Gasoline Vapor 	Recovery System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Process Description
	3 Field Test Analysis
		3.1 Analysis of the Gasoline Vapor Outlet Temperature
		3.2 Analysis of the Gasoline Vapor Pressure Difference
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
83 Matching Characteristics of Two Heat Exchangers for the Direct Sewage Source Heat Pump System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction of Direct Sewage Source Heat Pump System
	2 Standard Design Conditions of the Direct Sewage Source Heat Pump System
	3 Matching Design of Two Heat Exchangers of Direct Sewage Source Heat Pump System
		3.1 Matching Design of Two Heat Exchangers of External Switching System
		3.2 Matching Design of Two Heat Exchangers of the Internal Switching System
	4 The Effect of Matching of Two Heat Exchangers on the Output Ratio of Heat Pump System
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
84 Single-Phase Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Developing Flow at a Constant Heating Flux Inside Horizontal Helical Finned Tubes
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Experiment Setup
		2.2 Data Reduction and Error Analysis
	3 Results
		3.1 Friction Factor
		3.2 Heat Transfer
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
85 Experimental Study on Influence of Outdoor Ambient Temperature on Heating Performance of Two-Stage Scroll Compression Air Source Heat Pump System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 A Subsection Sample
	2 Experimental Setup and Test Procedure
		2.1 Dual-Cylinder Scroll Compressor
		2.2 Test Model and Facility
		2.3 Test Condition
		2.4 Data Analysis Method
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
86 The Field Survey on Local Heat Island Effect of Precision Air-Conditioning
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
	3 Test Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions and Recommendations
	Acknowledgements
	References
87 Study on Operation Strategy of Cross-Season Solar Thermal Storage Heating System in Alpine Region
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Research Objective
		2.2 Methods
	3 Results
		3.1 Heat Storage Priority Control Mode
		3.2 Electro-Thermally Assisted Priority Control Mode
		3.3 Hybrid Control Mode
	4 Conclusions
	References
88 Experimental Research on Performance of VRF-Based Household Radiant Air-Conditioning System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 The Experimental Setup
		2.1 The Experimental Prototype of the VRF-Based Household Radiant A/C System
		2.2 Experiment Conditions
		2.3 Data Reductions
	3 Results
		3.1 The Summer Mode
		3.2 The Winter Mode
	4 Conclusions
	References
89 Precise Control for Heating Supply to Households Based on Heating Load Prediction
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Multilayer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network Model
		2.2 Prediction Using Back Propagation Neural Network
	3 Results
		3.1 Predicting Accuracy
		3.2 Sensitivity Analysis
	4 Future Work
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
90 Experimental Study on the Influence of Fouling Growth on the Flow and Heat Transfer of Sewage in the Heat Exchange Tube
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Test Platform for Monitoring Fouling Growth
	2 Results and Discussion
		2.1 Analysis of Fouling Feat Resistance Change in Sewage Tubes
		2.2 Analysis of Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Sewage Heat Exchange Tubes
	3 Conclusion
	References
91 Study on Exhaust Uniformity of a Multi-terminal System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Determination of Basic Parameters
		2.2 Calculation of Shape Parameters of Variable Pressure Plates
		2.3 Working Condition Settings
		2.4 Other Details
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
92 Topology Description of HVAC Systems for the Automatic Integration of a Control System Based on a Collective Intelligence System
	Abstract
	1 Instruction
		1.1 A Subsection Sample
	2 Methods
		2.1 Requirements for the New Architecture of the HVAC Control System
		2.2 Introduction of CIS Concept
		2.3 Identification and Integration Process
	3 Results
		3.1 Topology Description of Buildings
		3.2 Topology Description of the HVAC Ventilation System
		3.3 Topology Description of the HVAC Water Circulation System
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
93 Theoretical Analysis of a Novel Two-Stage Compression System Using Refrigerant Mixtures
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 System Description
	3 Method
	4 Results
		4.1 Effect of Separation Pressure
		4.2 Comparison with Traditional Two-Stage System
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
94 Optimal Control of Water Valve in AHU Based on Actual Characteristics of Water Valve
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Establishment
		2.1 Model of the Water Valve in AHU
		2.2 Model of the AHU System
	3 Operation Control and Optimization
		3.1 Case 1
		3.2 Case 2
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
95 Study on Heat Recovery Air Conditioning System with Adsorption Dehumidification by Solar Powered
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Heat Recovery Air Conditioning System with Adsorption Dehumidification by Solar Powered
		2.1 The Typical Heat Recovery System
		2.2 The Front-Eat Recovery System
		2.3 The Back-Heat Recovery System
	3 Mathematical Model of Energy Consumption
		3.1 The Energy Consumption of Regeneration Heat(Er)
		3.2 The Energy Consumption of Cooling Device (Ec)
		3.3 Total Energy Consumption (E)
	4 Energy Analysis
		4.1 Outdoor Meteorological Parameters
		4.2 State Point Solution
		4.3 The Results of Energy Analysis Calculation
		4.4 Energy Saving Evaluation
		4.5 Economic Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
96 Study on the Optimal Cooling Power for the Internally Cooled Ultrasonic Atomization Dehumidifier with Liquid Desiccant
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 The IC-UADS System
		2.2 Performance Indices
		2.3 The Performance Prediction Model
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Model Validation
		3.2 Effects of Cooling Power on the Dehumidification Performance
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
97 Experimental Study and Energy-Saving Analysis on Cooling Effect with Large Temperature Difference and High Temperature of Chilled Water System in Data Center
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Research of the Data Center
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Relationship Between Return Water Temperature and Inlet Air Temperature of Cabinet Under Different Temperature Difference of Supply-and-Return Water
		3.2 Relationship Between Inlet Air and Outlet Air Temperature of the Cabinet Under Different Temperature Difference of Supply-and-Return Water
		3.3 Relationship Between Supply Water, Return Water Temperature and Temperature Difference of Supply-and-Return Water
	4 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References
98 Sensitivity and Uncertainty Analysis for Chiller Sequencing Control of the Variable Primary Flow System
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology for Uncertainty and Sensitivity
		2.1 Chiller Sequencing Control Strategy
		2.2 Uncertainty Sources, Shifting, and Propagation
		2.3 Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analysis Methods
	3 Simulation Setup
		3.1 Simulation Platform
		3.2 Performance Indices
	4 Results and Analysis
		4.1 Impact of the Measurement Uncertainty of CHWS Temperature
		4.2 Impact of the Measurement Uncertainty of Compressor Current
		4.3 Impact of Threshold Uncertainty
		4.4 Results of Sensitivity Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
99 Theoretical Analysis of Smoke Exhaust System with Ringed Arrangements in the Field of HVAC
	Abstract
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Layout of Pipeline Network
		2.2 Design Requirement of Smoke Exhaust
		2.3 Distinction Between Ring and Branch Arrangements
	3 Results
		3.1 Theoretical Analysis
		3.2 Case Analysis
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	References