Proceedings of TEPEN 2022: Efficiency and Performance Engineering Network

Preface
Contents
Numerical Study of Resistance Projection Welding of Nuts
	1 Introduction
	2 Theory of Electro-Thermo-Mechanical Modeling
		2.1 Mechanical Module
		2.2 Thermal Module
		2.3 Electrical Module
		2.4 Modeling Conditions
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Effect of Heating Time
		3.2 Effect of Electrode Pressure on Temperature Field
		3.3 The Trace of the Point in HAZ
		3.4 Effect of Welding Electrode Voltage on Temperature Field
	4 Conclusions
	References
Fault Diagnosis Method of Planetary Gear Based on FFT-DET and BP Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 The Theoretical Analysis
		2.1 Distance Evaluation Technique (DET)
		2.2 BP Neural Network
	3 Fault Feature Extraction Method Based on FFT-DET
	4 Planetary Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Method Based on FFT-DET and BP Neural Network
	5 Conclusion
	References
Continuous Vibration Separation for Fault Diagnosis of Planetary Gear in Equipment Transmission
	1 Introduction
	2 Vibration Separation
	3 Continuous Vibration Separation
		3.1 Analysis of Tooth Meshing Sequence
		3.2 Continuous Vibration Separation
	4 Experimental Validation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Classification of Sape Soundboard Wood Quality by Employing Machine Learning
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Wood Preparation
		2.2 Data Collection
		2.3 Feature Extraction
		2.4 Support Vector Machine
		2.5 Support Vector Machine
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Wood Type
		3.2 Wood Grade
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design of Airborne Oxygen Pressure Sensor
	1 Introduction
	2 Hardware System Design
		2.1 Overall Design Scheme
		2.2 Sensor Design
		2.3 Signal Conditioning Circuit Design
		2.4 Power Supply Design
	3 Software System Design
		3.1 Software Design Process
		3.2 Pressure Value Correction
	4 Performance Index Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Condition Monitoring of Nozzle Temperature in 3D Printing via Vibro-Acoustic Signals
	1 Introduction
	2 Dynamic Modelling for the Vibration on Printing Bed
		2.1 Nozzle Temperature and Pressure Variation
		2.2 Printing Bed Vibration Modelling
	3 Experiment
		3.1 Impact Hammering Test and COMSOL Simulation on Printing Bed
		3.2 Experiment Layout
		3.3 Data Processing Method
	4 Result and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Time Domain Identification Method of Cutting Forces in Robotic Milling Process
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement of Cutting Force Identification
	3 Gaussian Process Regression Model
	4 Cutting Force Identification Method
	5 Numerical Simulation
	6 Conclusion
	References
Study on Fault Diagnosis Method of Key Components of the Gearbox Under Variable Working Conditions Based on Improved VMD Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Analysis
		2.1 Domain Resampling Technology
		2.2 Optimization of VMD Algorithm
		2.3 The Main Flow of Improving the Algorithm
	3 Simulation Signal Analysis
	4 Analysis of Experimental Signals
		4.1 Signal Analysis of Healthy Gearbox
		4.2 Signal Analysis of Worn Fault Gearbox
	5 Conclusions
	References
Study on Wear Fault Diagnosis of Planetary Gearbox Based on STOA-VMD Combined with 1.5-Dimensional Envelope Spectrum
	1 Introductions
	2 Basic Theory
		2.1 Principle of VMD
		2.2 1.5 Dimension Spectrum
	3 Optimization of Variational Modal Decomposition Parameters by Sooty Tern Algorithm
	4 Simulation Analysis
	5 Experimental Verification
		5.1 Wear Failure Experiment of Planetary Gearbox
		5.2 Analysis of Experimental Data Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Intelligent Image Processing for Monitoring Solar Photovoltaic Panels
	1 Background
	2 A Brief Review of Popular PV Panel Faults
	3 Image Collection and Preprocessing
		3.1 Image Collection
		3.2 Image Processing and Image Number Expansion
	4 Development of Feature Extraction Algorithm
	5 Development and Testing of Condition Monitoring Algorithm
	6 Conclusions
	References
Boiler Wall Temperature Prediction Based on Temporal Convolution Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Network Structure
		2.1 Temporal Convolution Network
		2.2 Network Structure
	3 Experiment
		3.1 Experimental Environment
		3.2 Data Processing and Preprocessing
		3.3 Data Division
		3.4 Evaluating Indicator
		3.5 Experimental Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
The Extraction of Wind Turbine Condition Related Features Using Air-Borne Acoustic Signals
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Principal of Coherence
	3 Dynamic Simulation Analysis
	4 Test Rig and Instrumentation
	5 Methodology
	6 Analysis and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Investigation of Vibration Signals from an On-Rotor Sensing for Diesel Engine Crankshaft Lubrication Monitoring
	1 Introduction
	2 On-Rotor Sensing MEMS System
		2.1 Slantwise ORS Sensor Placement for Geometrical Signal Decomposition
	3 Experimental Methodologies
		3.1 Case A. ORS Based Diagnosis in Stable Engine Operation – Four Cylinder Heavy Duty Engine Vibrations
		3.2 Case B. ORS Performance in Unstable Highly Non-stationary Response – 2 Cylinder Engine
	4 Crankshaft Vibrations and Main Bearing Lubricity Analysis
		4.1 Measurement Results and Analysis of Four Cylinder Engine ORS Signals
		4.2 Result Analysis for Two Cylinder Marine Engine
	5 Conclusions
	References
A Study of Electric Current Signal Analysis for Motor Bearing Condition Diagnosis
	1 Introduction
	2 Dynamic Characteristics of Stator Current Signals
		2.1 Characteristic Frequency of BFs and Diagnostics
		2.2 Twice the Line Frequency
		2.3 Characteristic Frequency of Eccentricity
	3 Experimental Facilities and Methodologies
		3.1 Test Facilities
		3.2 Multiple Motors and Operating Conditions
	4 Diagnostic Results and Discussion
		4.1 Conventional Frequency Domain Analysis
		4.2 MSB-SE Slice Analysis
		4.3 Summary
	5 Conclusions
	References
Surface Defect Recognition of NdFeb Raw Materials Based on Improved YOLOX-Tiny Model
	1 Research Background
	2 The Brief of the YOLOX-Tiny Model
	3 The YOLOX-Tiny Model Improvement
		3.1 Data Set Enhancement
		3.2 Attention Mechanism
		3.3 SGD Optimizer
	4 The Experiment
	5 Conclusion
	References
16-Research on Wheel Chassis Motion Control of a Full-Wheel Steering Self-decision Platform Research on Wheel Chassis Motion Control of a Full-Wheel Steering Self-decision Platform
	1 Introduction
	2 The Kinematic Model of the Full-Wheel Steering Wheel Chassis
	3 The PID Control of Wheel Motor
	4 The PID Control of Rudder Motor Introduction
	5 Encoder Data Acquisition
	6 Conclusion
	References
Advanced Neural Network with Optimized Training Parameters Based on the Cuckoo Search for Detecting and Classifying Faults in PV Power Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Artificial Neural Networks
		2.2 Genetic Algorithm
		2.3 Cuckoo Search Algorithm
	3 Material and Method
	4 Design
	5 Test Cases and Results
		5.1 Test Case 1: ANN Without Optimization
		5.2 Test Case 2: ANN Optimized with Genetic Algorithm
		5.3 Test Case 3: ANN Optimized with Cuckoo Search Algorithm
	6 Validation and Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Summary of Fault Diagnosis of Electric Vehicle Braking System
	1 Development Status of Automobile Fault Diagnosis
	2 Electric Vehicle Braking System
	3 Troubleshooting Methods
		3.1 Fault Diagnosis Method of Braking System Based on Bayesian Network
		3.2 Fault Diagnosis Method of Braking System Based on Fuzzy Theory
		3.3 Fault Diagnosis Method of Braking System Based on CAN Bus
	4 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
A Pulse Impedance Technique for Fast State of Health Estimation of EV Lithium-Ion Batteries
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
		2.1 Battery Degradation and Impedance
		2.2 Battery Model
		2.3 The Proposed Rapid Battery Life Estimation Method
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Test System Setup
		3.2 Experiments
		3.3 Proposed PIT
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Spike Analysis
		4.2 Battery Impedance with Additive Resistor
		4.3 Battery Impedance Under SOHs
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Simulation Analysis of the Modal Characteristics and Critical Speeds of a Turbine Rotor System
	1 Introduction
	2 A FE Model
		2.1 Theoretical Calculation Method
		2.2 FE Modeling
		2.3 Analysis Results
	3 Influence of the Bearing Stiffness and Position on the Critical Speed of the TRS
		3.1 Influence of the Bearing Stiffness on the Critical Speed of the TRS
		3.2 Influence of the Bearing Position on the Critical Speed
	4 Conclusions
	References
Weak Signal Detection Method with Adaptive Three-Dimensional Coupled Bistable Stochastic Resonance System
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Establishment
		2.1 Three-Dimensional Space Coupled Bistable Stochastic Resonance
		2.2 Characteristic Analysis of System Parameters on SR
		2.3 The ATCBSR Method Based on PSO
	3 Experimental Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
On-Line Condition Monitoring of Additive Manufacturing Based on Friction Induced Acoustic Emissions
	1 Introduction
	2 Modelling the AE of Melting Deposition in a 3D AM Process
		2.1 Mechanisms of AE Produced by Nozzle Frictions
		2.2 AE Produced by Abnormal Surfaces
	3 Experimental Methodologies
		3.1 3D Printer Setup
		3.2 Printing Sample Parts and Fault Simulations
		3.3 AE Data Acquisition
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 STFT Analysis of AE Wave Data
		4.2 On-Line Detection by Moving RMS
	5 Conclusions
	References
Tool Wear Monitoring in CNC Milling Process Based on Vibration Signals from an On-Rotor Sensing Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Development of a Toolholder for On-Rotor Sensing
		2.1 Selection of Core Components
		2.2 Assembly of Toolholder On-Rotor Sensing
	3 Milling Experiments
		3.1 Experimental System
		3.2 Result Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Application of a New Finite-Time Tracking Differentiator in Stable Platform
	1 Introduction
	2 Design of Hyperbolic Tangent Finite-Time Tracking Differentiator
	3 FTD Simulation Experiment and Result Analysis
	4 Application of FTD in Stable Platform
	5 Conclusion
	References
Selection of Optimal Mother Wavelet for Acoustic Emission Signal Processing of Gas Pipeline Leakage
	1 Introduction
	2 Mother Wavelet and Wavelet Denoising
		2.1 Mother Wavelet
		2.2 Threshold Denoising
	3 Selection Method of Optimal Mother Wavelet Function
		3.1 Mechanism of Pipeline Leakage Acoustic Emission Signal Generation
		3.2 Selection of Mother Wavelet Function
	4 Pipeline Leakage Acoustic Emission Detection Experiment Configuration
	5 Experimental Analysis
		5.1 Smoothness Analysis
		5.2 Similarity Analysis
		5.3 Optimal Mother Wavelet Verification Calculation
	6 Conclusion
	References
Fault Diagnosis of RV Reducers Used in Industrial Robots Based on Vibration Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Characteristic Frequency Components in RV Reducer
		2.1 Structure of RV Reducer
		2.2 Characteristic frequencies of RV reducer
	3 Faults Simulation and Procedure of Experiments
		3.1 RV Reducer Test Rig
		3.2 Experiment 1: Simulation of Misalignment Fault of Input Shaft of RV1
		3.3 Experiment 2: Simulation of sun gear bearing clearance fault of RV2
	4 Data Analysis and Discussion
		4.1 Data Analysis of Misalignment Experiment
		4.2 Data Analysis of Bearing Clearance Experiment
	5 Conclusion
	References
Parameterized Doppler Adaptive Correction for Wayside Acoustic Array Signal
	1 Introduction
	2 Wayside Acoustic Array Signal Model
		2.1 Wayside Acoustic Signal Propagation Model
		2.2 Wayside Array Signal Receiving Model
	3 Doppler Distortion Physical Model Construction
		3.1 Three Physical Modulation Operator
		3.2 Whole Doppler Distortion Physical Mode
	4 Parameterized Doppler Adaptive Correction for Array Signal
		4.1 Adaptive Search of Motion Parameters
		4.2 Signal Recovery Based on Interpolation Resampling
	5 Simulation and Experimental Verification
		5.1 Simulation Analysis
		5.2 Case Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research on Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on 1DCNN with Fault Compound Features
	1 Introduction
	2 Compound fault feature
		2.1 Feature Extraction of the Time-Domain Signal
		2.2 Spectrum Kurtosis Analysis Fault Feature Extraction
		2.3 Wavelet Packet Transform Fault Feature Extraction
		2.4 Composite Fault Feature Fusion Algorithm
	3 Fault Feature Learning Of CNN Convolutional Neural Network
		3.1 Convolution Layer
		3.2 Pooling Layer
		3.3 Full Connection Layer
	4 Model Design And Fault Identification Methods Mentioned in this Paper
		4.1 Model Structure
		4.2 Framework for Fault Diagnosis
	5 Test and analysis
		5.1 Introduce of Western Reserve University Datasets
		5.2 The Influence of Batch Size on the Training Results
		5.3 Analysis of Classification Effect
	6 Conclusion
	References
Performance Degradation Evaluation Model of Rolling Bearing Based on CAE-SVDD
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Data Preprocessing and Feature Extraction
		2.2 Convolutional Autoencoder
		2.3 Support Vector Data Description
		2.4 LSTM Neural Network and AR Model
	3 Bearing Performance Degradation Evaluation Process
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Rolling Bearing Performance Degradation Assessment
		4.2 Prediction of Remaining Life of Rolling Bearings
	5 Conclusion
	References
CNN-LSTM-Based Model for Predicting the Remaining Useful Life of Rolling Bearings
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Foundations
		2.1 Convolutional Neural Networks
		2.2 Long Short-Term Memory Neural Networks
	3 RUL Prediction Methods
		3.1 Data Pre-processing
		3.2 CNN-LSTM Model Building
		3.3 Smoothing of Prediction Results
	4 Experimental Validations
		4.1 Description of the Dataset
		4.2 Evaluation Indicators
		4.3 Analysis of Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Life Prediction of Wind Turbine Based on Attention-BiGRU
	1 Introduction
	2 BiGRU Model of Attention Mechanism
		2.1 Attention Mechanism Model
		2.2 BiGRU Mode
		2.3 Attention-BiGRU Model
	3 Test Verification
		3.1 Choice of Parameters
		3.2 Experimental Verification Based on CMAPSS Data
	4 Conclusion
	References
Markov Transform Field Coupled with CNN Image Analysis Technology in NIR Detection of Alcohols Diesel
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials
		2.1 Samples
		2.2 NIR Measurements
	3 Methods
		3.1 Markov Transition Field (MTF)
		3.2 Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Analysis of the NIR Spectra
		4.2 Classification of Different Diesel
		4.3 Prediction of Methanol and Ethanol Contents
	5 Conclusions
	References
Temporal Convolutional Network with Attention Mechanism for Bearing Remaining Useful Life Prediction
	1 Introduction
	2 Network Structure
		2.1 Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN)
		2.2 Attention Mechanism
		2.3 TCN with Attention Mechanism Block
		2.4 Performance Metrics
	3 Case Study
		3.1 Data Description
		3.2 Prediction with TCN Model
	4 Conclusion
	References
Optimization Design of Welding Fixture Based on Ergonomics
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Conception
		2.2 Process
		2.3 Functional Design
		2.4 Dimensional Design
	3 Empirical Research
		3.1 Case Description
		3.2 Detailed Design for Capacitor Welding Fixture
		3.3 3D Model Establishment for Capacitor Welding Fixture
		3.4 Experimental Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Quantitative Study of Food Additives Based on Terahertz Spectrum
	1 Experimental Test
	2 Data Processing
		2.1 Calculation of Absorption Coefficient
		2.2 Calculation of Molar Absorption Spectra of Elemental Samples
		2.3 Quantitative Analysis of Mixtures
		2.4 Research on Methods to Improve the Accuracy of Quantitative Analysis
	3 Conclusion
	References
Securely Similarity Determination of Convex Geometry Graphics Under the Malicious Model
	1 Introduction
	2 The MPC Protocol for Determining the Similarity of Two Convex Geometries Under the Semi-honest Model
		2.1 Problem Description and Judgment Rules for Similarity Determination of Convex Geometries
		2.2 Specific Protocol
	3 The MPC Protocol for Judging the Similarity of Convex Geometry Graphics Under the Malicious Model
		3.1 Specific Protocol
		3.2 Correctness Analysis
		3.3 Security Proof
	4 Analysis and Comparison of Protocol Efficiency
		4.1 Computational Complexity
		4.2 Communication Complexity
		4.3 Experimental Simulation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Optimal Repair Time Limit and Replacement Age for a System with Multiple Types of Failures
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Description
	3 Model Analysis
		3.1 Different Replacement Scenarios
		3.2 Long-Run Expected Cost Rate
		3.3 Application of the Model in Renewable Warranty
	4 Numerical Example
	5 Conclusion
	References
Blind Deconvolution Based on Modified Smoothness Index for Railway Axle Bearing Fault Diagnosis
	1 Introduction
	2 Fundamentals of Deconvolution Filtering
	3 Blind Deconvolution Based on Modified Smoothness Index
		3.1 Squared Envelope Optimization via Blind Deconvolution and MSI
		3.2 Squared Envelope Spectrum Optimization via Blind Deconvolution and MSI
	4 Railway Axle Bearing Fault Diagnosis
		4.1 Experimental Setup
		4.2 Case 1: Axle Bearing Outer Race Fault
		4.3 Case 2: Axle Bearing Rolling Element Fault
	5 Conclusions
	References
Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on EMD and Multi-channel Convolutional Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Main Method
		2.1 EMD
		2.2 Kurtosis and Correlation Coefficient
	3 Multichannel Convolutional Neural Network
		3.1 Vibration Image
		3.2 Multichannel Convolution Layer
		3.3 Network Structure and Parameters
		3.4 Model Loss Function and Training Method
	4 Fault Diagnosis Method Based on MC-CNN
	5 Experimental Verification
		5.1 CWRU Bearing Data Set
		5.2 Results
		5.3 Robustness
		5.4 Data Visualization
	6 Conclusions
	References
Operational Modal Analysis of Journal Bearings Based on Stochastic Subspace Identification
	1 Introduction
	2 Data-Driven Stochastic Subspace Identification
		2.1 Identification of System Matrices A and C
		2.2 Identification of Modal Parameters
		2.3 Stabilization Diagram and Spurious Mode Elimination
	3 Numerical Simulation Analysis
	4 Modal Parameters Identification of Journal Bearings
		4.1 EMA for the Journal Bearing
		4.2 OMA for the Journal Bearing
	5 Conclusion
	References
Prediction and Compensation Method of Spindle Thermal Deformation in Five Axis Machining Center
	1 Introduction
	2 Measurement of Spindle Thermal Deformation
		2.1 Forming Mechanism of Thermal Deformation
		2.2 Measurement of Spindle Thermal Deformation
	3 Establishment of Thermal Compensation Model
		3.1 Fitting Model of Axial Thermal Elongation and Time
		3.2 Fitting Model of Axial Thermal Elongation and Temperature
	4 Experimental Verification
		4.1 Principle of Thermal Deformation Compensation
		4.2 Thermal Deformation Compensation Experiment
	5 Conclusion
	References
Qualitative Detection of Melamine Based on Terahertz Spectrum and Analysis of Absorption Peak Study
	1 Materials and Methods
		1.1 Main Materials and Reagent
		1.2 Main Instruments and Equipment
		1.3 Experimental Conditions
	2 Results and Analysis
		2.1 Experimental Spectrum Acquisition and Analysis
		2.2 Analog Spectrum Acquisition and Analysis
	3 Conclusion
	References
A Study of Semantic Map Construction Methods for Power Plant Inspection Robot
	1 Introduction
	2 Principle of the Fusion Method of Visual Target Detection Information and LiDAR Data
		2.1 Principle of Visual Target Detection Technology
		2.2 The Principle of LiDAR Technology
	3 Fusion Method Based on Target Detection
		3.1 Camera and LiDAR Calibration Methods
		3.2 Visual Target Detection Information
		3.3 LiDAR Clustering Information
		3.4 Fusion Method Based on Semantic Segmentation Information
	4 Experiment
	5 Summary
	References
A Method on Manufacturing Process Monitoring Based on Value Stream Mapping
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Background
		2.1 Literature Review
		2.2 Current Production Line Status
	3 Problem Analysis
		3.1 WIP Accumulation
		3.2 Low Production Line Balance Rate
	4 Solutions
		4.1 Improvement of Factory Facility Layout
		4.2 Improvement of Production Processes
	5 Improving Results
		5.1 Related Software Simulation
		5.2 Future VSM
		5.3 Overall Improvement Effect
	6 Conclusions
	References
Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Element Bearings Based on a Second Order Cyclic Autocorrelation and a Deep Auto-encoder
	1 Introduction
	2 Background Theories
		2.1 Second-Order Cyclic Autocorrelation
		2.2 Deep Auto-encoder Network
	3 The Proposed Technique
	4 Experimental Verification and Result Discussion
		4.1 Dataset Description
		4.2 SOCA Analysis of Rolling Element Bearing
		4.3 Results and Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Fault Diagnosis Method of Rolling Bearing Based on MobileNet V2
	1 Introduction
	2 Background Theory
		2.1 Depthwise Separable Convolution
		2.2 Depthwise Separable Convolution
	3 Fault Diagnosis Method
	4 Results and Analysis
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2  Experimental Results
		4.3 Conclusion
	References
The Effect of the Cage Clearance on the Lubrication Characteristics of a High-Speed Ball Bearing
	1 Introduction
	2 Model and Boundary Conditions
		2.1 Calculation Model
	3 Results Analysis
		3.1 Influences of the Bearing Speed and Relative Motion of Ball on the Lubrication Characteristics
		3.2 Lubrication Characteristics of Local Area in the Bearing Cavity
	4 Conclusions
	References
Study on Unbalance Method of Rolling Bearing Fault Samples Based on Adversarial Network
	1 The Introduction
	2 GAF Time Series Coding
		2.1 GAF Transform
	3 Theoretical Basis of Adversarial Network
		3.1 Core of Adversarial Network
		3.2 Self-attentional Mechanism [8]
		3.3 Constraints on GAN
	4 Adversarial Networks Generated by Deep Convolutional Self-attention Mechanism Based on Conditional Constraints
	5 Data Source and Preprocessing
	6 Experimental Results and Analysis
	7 Conclusion
	References
Prediction Reliability Assessment Based on Mahalanobis Distance and GRU in the Application of Bearing RUL Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 GRU
	3 The GRU-Based Remaining Useful Life Reliability Analysis
	4 Performance Verification
	5 Conclusions
	References
Research on On-line Detection Technology of Lubricating Oil Moisture
	1 Introduction
	2 Distortion Principle of Moisture Medium
	3 Characterization of Distorted Image of Water Medium
	4 Experimental Results
	References
Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on BP Neural Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Rolling Bearing Characteristics
		2.1 Composition Structure of Rolling Bearing
		2.2 Fault Categories of Rolling Bearings
	3 Bearing Fault Feature Extraction and Processing
		3.1 Introduction of Experimental Data
		3.2 Data Processing
		3.3 Feature Extraction
		3.4 Feature Evaluation
		3.5 Fault Classification Labels
	4 Research on Fault Diagnosis Based on BP Neural Network
		4.1 Basic Principle of BP Neural Network
		4.2 BP Neural Network Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing
		4.3 Test Results
	5 Conclusion and Prospect
		5.1 Conclusion
		5.2 Prospect
	References
A Kalman Filter Based Deep Learning Autoencoder for Induction Motor Broken Rotor Bar Diagnosis
	1 Introduction
	2 Autoencoder Bease on Deep Learing Method
	3 Induction Motor Modeling
		3.1 Induction Motor Performance
		3.2 Modeling of Broken Rotor Bars
	4 Kalman Filter (KF)
		4.1 Introduction of Extended Kalman Filter
		4.2 Central Differential Kalman Filter
	5 The Result of the Simulation
		5.1 Healthy Induction Motor with Full Load Simulation Result
		5.2 Broken Rotor Bar Fault Diagnosis in Half Load Situation
		5.3 Broken Rotor Bar Fault Diagnosis in Full-Load Situation
		5.4 Accuracy Improvement in Rotor Resistance Estimation with Deep Learning
	6 Conclusion
	References
Preparation and Performance Testing of InAs/GaAs Photodetector
	1 Introduction
	2 Structural Design
	3 Characterization and Discussion of Samples
	4 Experimental Testing and Analytical Calculations
	5 Summary
	References
Research and Application of Deep Reinforcement Learning in Rotating Machinery Fault Diagnosis Under Unbalanced Samples Condition
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Theory of DRL
		2.1 RL Algorithm
		2.2 Actor-Critic Structure
		2.3 Deep Reinforcement Learning
	3 Improved Actor-Critic Algorithm for the Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery
		3.1 The Architecture of Improved Actor-Critic Algorithm
		3.2 Continuous Reward Function Under Unbalanced Samples
		3.3 Variable Greedy Factor
		3.4 Average Advantage-Weighted Loss Function
		3.5 Fault Diagnosis for Rotating Machinery Based on Unbalanced Vibration Dataset
	4 Experimental Verification
	5 Conclusions
	References
Investigation into Defect Image Segmentation Algorithms for Galvanized Steel Sheets Under Texture Background
	1 Introduction
	2 Image Acquisition and Filtering Processing
	3 Optimized Two-Dimensional Asymmetric Tsallis Cross Entropy Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on Chaotic Bee Colony Algorithm
		3.1 Two-Dimensional Asymmetric Tsallis Cross Entropy
		3.2 Chaotic Bee Colony Algorithm
		3.3 The Steps of the Optimized Asymmetric Two-Dimensional Tsallis Cross Entropy Image Segmentation Algorithm Based on Chaotic Bee Colony Algorithm
	4 Experimental Results and Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
Low-Cost and Portable Device to Monitor Heart Rate, Blood Oxygen Saturation and Body Temperature with Warning System
	1 Introduction
	2 System Architecture
		2.1 System Frame
		2.2 Working Flow
	3 Experiment Results and Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
An SOC Estimation Strategy Considering Lithium–ion Battery Degradation Based on Neural-Network and Equivalent Circuit Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Dataset and Health Indicator Extraction
		2.1 Dataset
		2.2 The Battery Health Indicator Extraction
		2.3 Correlation Analysis of Health Indicator
	3 SOC Estimation Methodology
		3.1 LSTM Recurrent Neural Network
		3.2 Square Root Cubature Kalman Filter
	4 Estimated Results and Discussions
	5 Conclusions
	References
Dynamic Modeling Analysis and Experimental Verification of Blade with Breathing Crack
	1 Introduction
	2 Dynamic Model of Blade with Breathing Crack
	3 Numerical Simulation
		3.1 Setting of Parameters
		3.2 Analysis of Cases
	4 Experiment
		4.1 Experimental Design
		4.2 Result Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
WTBNeRF: Wind Turbine Blade 3D Reconstruction by Neural Radiance Fields
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Methods
		3.1 Camera Pose Estimation
		3.2 Ray Generation and Sampling
		3.3 Featurization
		3.4 Volume Rendering and 3D Reconstruction
	4 Experimental Results
		4.1 Dataset
		4.2 Camera Pose Estimation
		4.3 Multiscale Wind Turbine Blade Dataset
	5 Conclusions
	References
Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Mathematical Morphological Spectrum
	1 The Introduction
	2 Mathematical Morphological Spectrum and Hit-miss Transformation
		2.1 Hit-miss Transformation
		2.2 Mathematical Morphological Spectrum
	3 Defect and Improvement of Morphological Spectrum Feature Extraction
	4 Morphological Spectrum and Hit - Miss Feature are Used to Classify Faults
	5 Experiment Analysis
	6 Conclusion
	References
Dynamic Modeling and Modal Analysis of the Planetary Gear Set-Bevel Gear Set Coupling System
	1 Introduction
	2 Dynamic Modeling of PBCS
		2.1 Dynamic Modeling of Planetary Gear Set
		2.2 Dynamic Modeling of Bevel Gear Set
		2.3 Systematic Modeling
	3 Modal Analysis of PBCS
		3.1 Natural Frequency Analysis
		3.2 Modal Analysis
	4 Conclusions
	References
Study of the Dynamic Characteristics of Planetary Gear Systems Under Different Loads
	1 Introduction
	2 Model Building
	3 Calculation of Parameters
		3.1 Time-Varying Meshing Stiffness
		3.2 Meshing Damping
		3.3 Tooth Side Clearance
		3.4 Meshing Errors
	4 Parametric Model Building
		4.1 Elimination of Relative Displacement
		4.2 Dimensionless
	5 Numerical Result and Discussion
		5.1 Influence of Different Working Conditions on the Dynamics of the System
		5.2 Bifurcation Diagram of the System with the Change in Meshing Damping
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research on Production Process Optimization and Improvement Based on a Production Line of Y Company
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Research Purpose
		1.2 Research Tools
	2 Key Issues and Analysis
		2.1 Data Analysis
		2.2 Data Analysis and Parameter Setting Based on Flexsim Simulation
		2.3 Summary of the Problem
	3 Solution
		3.1 Production Line Optimization and Improvement
		3.2 Production Line Layout Improvement
		3.3 Bottleneck Process Improvement
	4 Improve Results Comparison
		4.1 Comparison of Production Line Optimization and Improvement Results
		4.2 Comparison of Production Line Layout Improvement Results Production Line Layout Comparison
		4.3 Comparison of Bottleneck Process Improvement Results
	5 Summary
	References
Evaluation of the Angular Misalignment on RV Reducer Based on Motor Current Signature Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Analysis
		2.1 Composition of RV Reducer
		2.2 Characteristic Frequency of the RV Reducer Components
	3 Experimental Facility
		3.1 Test Rig Introduction
		3.2 Parameters and Models of Related Equipment
	4 Experimental Data Analysis
		4.1 Data Collection and Analysis Process
		4.2 Data Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Multi-domain Features Fusion Adaptive Neural Network Tool Wear Recognition Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Fusion Method of Multi-domain Signals Features
		2.1 Identify Effective Indicators in Time and Frequency Domains
		2.2 Dimensionality Reduction
		2.3 Multi-domain Features Fusion Adaptive Neural Network Model
	3 Experiment and Data Analysis
		3.1 Experimental Equipment and Experimental Data
		3.2 Experimental Data Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Simulation and Optimization of Piezoelectric Cantilever Configurations for Energy Harvesting with Multi-modal Vibrations
	1 Introduction
	2 Configuration and Operating Mode of Energy Harvester
	3 Simulation of Piezoelectric Cantilever
		3.1 Simulation Model and Parameter Setting
		3.2 Analysis of Simulation Result
	4 Configuration with Multi-modal Vibrations
		4.1 Structure with Segmented Piezoelectric Plate
		4.2 Structure with Distributive Mass
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Dynamic Characteristics of Planetary Gear System with Pitting Fault Under Impact Condition
	1 Introduction
	2 Gear Dynamics Model
	3 Theoretical Analysis of Kinetics
	4 Simulation Analysis
		4.1 Time-Frequency Domain Analysis of Pitting Fault Gear Transmission System
		4.2 Dynamic Characteristics of Gear Transmission System with Pitting Failure Under Impact Conditions
	5 Conclusion
	References
Safety Checking Calculation and Analysis of Flange Sealing Face Bolts of Pressure Vessel
	1 Introduction
	2 Calculation of the Tightening Torque of Flange Bolts
		2.1 Given Experimental Data
		2.2 Calculation and Verification
	3 Analysis of Pressure Vessel Bolt Pre-tightening
		3.1 Theoretical Research on Bolt Pre-tightening
		3.2 Finite Element Analysis of Bolt Pre-tightening
		3.3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusions
	References
Knowledge Graph Construction in Logistics Based on Multi-source Data Fusion
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Ideas for Building Knowledge Graphs of Logistics Enterprises
	4 Ideas for Building Knowledge Graphs of Logistics Enterprises
	5 A Model for Unstructured Data Triad Construction Based on Dependency Syntactic Analysis
	6 Triad-Based Knowledge Graphs for Logistics Companies
	7 Examples of Mapping Applications
	8 Conclusion
	References
Investigation of Random Vibration Response of Journal Bearings Under Turbulent Boundary Layer Excitation
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Physical Model
		2.1 Wall Pressure Fluctuation Power Spectrum
		2.2 Bearing Housing Vibration Response
	3 Flow Characteristics of Oil Films in Journal Bearings
	4 Simulation Analysis
		4.1 Effect of Oil Viscosity on Random Excitation
		4.2 Effect of Journal Linear Velocity on Random Excitation
	5 Experimental Verification
		5.1 Experimental Procedures
		5.2 Random Vibration of Bearing Housings at Different Oil Viscosities
		5.3 Random Vibration of Bearing Housings at Different Journal Speeds
	6 Conclusions
	References
Dynamic Modeling and Stability Analysis of High-Speed Angular Contact Ball Bearing
	1 Introduction
	2 Dynamic Modeling of Angular Contact Ball Bearing
		2.1 Model Assumptions
		2.2 Dynamic Modeling
		2.3 Lubrication Considerations
		2.4 Dynamics Equations and Solution
	3 Model Verification and Analysis
		3.1 Model Verification
		3.2 Component Simulation Results
		3.3 Slip Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Research on Performance Audit of Air Pollution Prevention and Control: Data from Beijing
	1 Introduction
	2 Construction and Evaluation of Performance Audit System Based on DPSIR Model
		2.1 DPSIR Model
		2.2 Performance Evaluation Algorithm
	3 Analysis of Performance Audit Results of Air Pollution Prevention and Control in Beijing
	4 Conclusions and Suggestions
	References
Modelling and Analysis of Internal Excitation of Cracked Spur Gear Considering Effects of Tooth Errors
	1 Introduction
	2 Proposed New Internal Excitation Calculation Model of Gear with Crack Failure
	3 Parameter Definition of Tooth Errors
	4 FE Modelling for Verifying the Proposed Analytical Model
	5 Results and Discussions
		5.1 Analysis of the Verification Results
		5.2 Effects of Crack Parameters on Gear Internal Excitations
		5.3 Effects of Tooth Errors on Internal Excitations of Cracked Gear
	6 Conclusions
	References
The Structure Optimization of a Small Linear Friction Welding Machine
	1 Introduction
	2 The Small Linear Friction Machine Developed
	3 The Principles of the Finite Element Analysis (FEM)
		3.1 Theory of Statics Analysis with FEM
		3.2 Modal Analysis Theory
	4 The FEM Model for the LFW Machine
		4.1 The Geometry Modal of the Used in Analysis
		4.2 Meshing
		4.3 Constraints and Boundary Conditions
	5 The FEM Simulation Results Before Optimization
		5.1 The Static Analysis Results
		5.2 The Results of Modal Analysis
	6 Optimization of the Structure
		6.1 Topology Optimization
		6.2 Optimal Design of the Base of the Framework
	7 The Static and Modal and Analysis After Optimization
	8 Conclusions
	References
A Study of a Novel Acoustic Metamaterial Structure for Signal Enhancement Based on Fan Blade Fault Diagnosis
	1 Introduction
	2 Principle of Acoustic Metamaterial Structure
	3 Fault Diagnosis with Acoustic Metamaterial Structure
		3.1 The Experimental Scene
		3.2 Fault Diagnosis
	4 Conclusion and Discussion
	References
Vibration Analysis for Diagnosis of Tribo-Dynamic Interaction in Journal Bearings
	1 Introduction
	2 Lubrication of Journal Bearing
	3 Experimental Test of Journal Bearing
	4 Data Analysis
		4.1 Vibration Waveform
		4.2 Variation of Vibration Level
		4.3 Variation in Driving Speed
		4.4 Vibration Spectrum
	5 Conclusion
	References
Fault Diagnostics of AC Motor Bearings Based on Envelope Analysis of Vibration Residual Signal
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Spectral Smearing and Resonance Effect
		2.2 Residual Signal Calculation
	3 Test Description
		3.1 Test Rig Introduction
		3.2 Fault Simulation and Test Procedure
		3.3 Bearing Characteristic Frequencies
	4 Envelope Analysis of Motor Vibration Signal
		4.1 Waveform and Spectrum of Motor Vibration Signal
		4.2 Envelope Analysis of Raw Motor Vibration Signal
		4.3 Residual Signal Envelop Analysis
		4.4 Bearing Outer Race Fault Detection Based on Residual Signal
	5 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of Fault Characteristics of Planetary Gearbox of Shearer
	1 Introduction
	2 Planetary Gearsbox Drivetrain
	3 Dynamic Simulation Model Establishment
		3.1 Modeling
		3.2 Simulation Results Analysis
	4 Fault Analysis of Gears Transmission System
		4.1 Gears Faults Establishment
		4.2 Analysis of Gears Faults Characteristics
	5 Conclusions
	References
Motor Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Stochastic Resonance Enhanced Stator Current Signals
	1 Introduction
	2 Noise-Induced UTSR System
	3 Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Stator Current Analysis
		3.1 Simulation Analysis
		3.2 Experimental Verification
	4 Conclusion
	References
Fault Diagnosis for Gas Turbine Rotor Using Actor-Critic Network
	1 Introduction
	2 Methods
		2.1 Deep Reinforcement Learning
		2.2 Actor-Critic Algorithm Theory
	3 Fault Diagnosis Model
	4 Experimental Verification
		4.1 Variable Working Conditions Experimental Setup
		4.2 Model Fault Diagnosis Analysis
		4.3 Analysis of Fault Diagnosis Capability Under Variable Working Conditions
		4.4 Experimental Analysis and Comparison of Different Models
	5 Conclusion
	References
Fault Detection and Diagnosis of Gearbox Oil Shortage Using Motor Current Signature
	1 Introduction
	2 Motor Current Characteristics Frequencies of a Multistage Gearbox
	3 Fundamental of Oil Shortage Diagnosis Using Motor Current
	4 Experimental Setup and Procedure
	5 Results and Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
An Improved Method for Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearings with Optimized Parameters
	1 Introduction
	2 Variational Mode Decomposition
	3 VMD Decomposition Based on Drosophila Algorithm Optimization
		3.1 Drosophila Optimization Algorithm
		3.2 Selection of Objective Function
		3.3 The Main Steps of Improving the FOA-VMD Algorithm
	4 Signal Coupling Processing
	5 Measured Signal Analysis
		5.1 Outer Ring Fault Analysis
		5.2 Rolling Element Failure Analysis
	6 Conclusions
	References
Research on Fault Diagnosis of Gas Turbine Rotor System Based on Deep Convolution Generative Adversarial
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Research
		2.1 Generative Adversarial Networks
		2.2 Fuzzy Reasoning Theory
	3 Gas Turbine Fault Diagnosis Model
		3.1 Generative Adversarial Networks
		3.2 Improved Fuzzy Reasoning Model
		3.3 Fault Signal Modulation Processing Based on EEMD
	4 Experimental Verification
	5 Conclusion
	References
Fault Diagnosis of the Ball Screw Pairs in Electromechanical Actuators Based on Empirical Mode Decomposition and Symmetrized Dot Pattern
	1 Introduction
	2 The Fault Diagnosis Model
		2.1 Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD)
		2.2 Symmetrized Dot Pattern (SDP)
	3 Experimental Verification
	4 Conclusion
	References
A Support Vector Machine Fault Diagnosis Method for Gas Turbine Fuel System
	1 Introduction
	2 Method
		2.1 Support Vector Machine
		2.2 Fault Data Preprocessing
		2.3 Fault Diagnosis Steps
	3 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Investigation on the Internal Clearance Induced Vibrations of Tapered Roller Bearings for Condition Monitoring
	1 Introduction
	2 Description of the Experiment
		2.1 Experimental Setup
		2.2 Clearance Setting
		2.3 Bearing Characteristic Frequency
		2.4 Experimental Conditions
	3 Experimental Results and Discussion
		3.1 Signal Waveform
		3.2 FFT Spectra
		3.3 Envelope Spectra
	4 Quantitative Analysis
		4.1 Influence of Clearance on RMS Value
		4.2 Influence of Clearance on Characteristic Frequency Shift
		4.3 Indicator for Clearance Size Evaluation
	5 Conclusions
	References
Gas Turbine Blade Passing Frequency Reconstruction and Its Application for Blade Fracturing Fault Diagnosis
	1 Introduction
	2 Blade Passing Frequency Reconstruction
		2.1 High-Resolution Harmonic Product Spectrum
		2.2 Vold-Kalman Filter
	3 Numerical Simulation
		3.1 Fundamental Frequency Extraction Verification
		3.2 Blade Passing Frequency Reconstruction Verification
	4 Application to Blade Fracturing Fault Diagnosis of Gas Turbine
		4.1 Fracturing Blade Waveform Reconstruction
		4.2 Fault Diagnosis by BPF Reconstruction Waveform
	5 Conclusion
	References
AGV Path Planning for Logistics Warehouse by Using an Improved D*Lite Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Model Assumption
		2.2 Model Establishment
		2.3 Model Solution
	3 Experiments
		3.1 Case Description
		3.2 Pre-planning for AGV Routing
		3.3 Real-Time Planning for AGV Routing
		3.4 Experimental Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
An Optimized Modulation Signal Bispectrum for Bearing Fault Diagnosis
	1 Introduction
	2 Optimized Modulation Signal Bispectrum
	3 Simulation Study
	4 Experimental Analysis
	5 Conclusions
	References
Analysis on the Application of IE Thought in the Production System of D Company’s EM Series Products
	1 Introduction
	2 Status Description and Problem Analysis
		2.1 Process Analysis
		2.2 Time Study
		2.3 Layout Status and Transportation Status
		2.4 Process Program Analysis
		2.5 Summary of Key Issues
	3 Construction Ideas and Application Methods
		3.1 Construction Ideas
	4 Improvement Plan
		4.1 Standard Operation Analysis of Some Processes
		4.2 Combine Process
		4.3 Improvement of Bottleneck Processes
		4.4 Adjustment of Production Batches and Full Application of Production Equipment
	5 Implementation Effect
		5.1 Improved Process Procedures
		5.2 Improved Production Balance Rate
		5.3 Improved Layout Drawing
		5.4 Economic Benefit
	6 Conclusions
	References
Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on STFT Image and AlexNet Network
	1 Introduction
	2 AlexNet Network Optimization Methods
		2.1 Image Normalization and Shuffle Operation
		2.2 Regularization-Dropout
	3 Fault Diagnosis Method Based on STFT and AlexNet Network
		3.1 Bearing Two-Dimensional Spectrum Diagram Fault Data Set
		3.2 Convolutional Neural Network Construction
		3.3 Experimental Environment and Network Training and Testing
	4 Fault Diagnostic Test
		4.1 Performance on Training Set
		4.2 Performance on Test Set
		4.3 Contrast Test
	5 Conclusion
	References
Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Method Based on CA-ResNet Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Theory
		2.1 Convolution Process Analysis
		2.2 Self-attention Mechanism Process Analysis
		2.3 Residual Network Analysis
	3 Model Structure
	4 Experimental Analysis
		4.1 Datasets
		4.2 Results And Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Investigation on the Propeller Imbalance Detection via On-Rotor Sensing Vibration for Industrial Drone
	1 Introduction
	2 Detection Strategy
	3 Experimental Investigation
	4 Results and Discussions
		4.1 Signal Waveform
		4.2 FFT Spectrum
		4.3 Indicator for Faults Evaluation
	5 Conclusions
	References
Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing Based on Laplace Wavelet Sparse Representation and Teager Energy Operator
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Framework
		2.1 Sparse Representation
		2.2 Teager Energy Operator
	3 Simulated Study
	4 Experimental Study
		4.1 Inner Race Fault
		4.2 Outer Race Fault
	5 Conclusion
	References
Diagnosis of Motor Bearing Faults Using the Vibration of an On-Rotor Sensing Method
	1 Introduction
	2 ORS Fabrication and ORS Outputs
		2.1 Overview of ORS System
		2.2 Principles of Fault Analysis Based on ORS Vibration Signals
		2.3 Rolling Element Bearing Faults
	3 Test System for Performance Verification
		3.1 Test Rig
		3.2 Test Procedure
	4 Diagnostic Results and Discussions
		4.1 Spectral Characteristics of ORS Signals
		4.2 Diagnosis of Bearing Defects
	5 Conclusion
	References
Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Compressed Data and Supervised Global-Local/Nonlocal Discriminant Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 The Proposed SGLNDA Diagnosis Method
		2.1 Compressed Data Acquisition Based on Compressed Sensing
		2.2 The Proposed Manifold Learning Algorithm – SGLNDA
		2.3 Framework of the Proposed Fault Diagnosis Method
	3 Experimental Verification
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 Results and Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Crack Detection of Old Residential Buildings Based on UAV Intelligent Vision
	1 Introduction
	2 Drone Design
		2.1 Design of UAV Lightweight Dual PTZ Camera Mounting System
		2.2 UAV Technical Parameters
	3 Image Preprocessing: Visual Inspection Image Denoising Method Based on Median Filter
		3.1 One-Dimensional Sequence
		3.2 Two-Dimensional Sequence
	4 Pattern Recognition: Convolutional Neural Networks
	5 Experimental Simulation
		5.1 Data Collection
		5.2 Training Data Grouping and Training Parameters
		5.3 Accuracy and Loss Analysis of Simulation Results
		5.4 Evaluation and Verification
	6 Conclusions
	References
Author Index