Proceedings of China SAE Congress 2021: Selected Papers

Contents
Simulation and Optimization for an SUV Cooling System
	1 Introduction
	2 Simulation Modeling of Cooling System
		2.1 1D Simulation Model
		2.2 3D Simulation Model
		2.3 Model Validation
	3 Optimization of Cooling System
		3.1 Cooling System Pipeline Optimization
		3.2 Radiator Selection and Optimization
		3.3 Underhood Arrangement Optimization
		3.4 Optimization Scheme Verification
	4 Conclusion
	References
Modeling of Fluid-Structure Interaction to Enhance Battery Thermal Management in Electric Vehicles
	1 Introduction
	2 Numerical Study of Vortex-Induced Vibration
		2.1 Geometry of Vortex-Induced Devices
		2.2 Setup of Computational Fluid Dynamics
		2.3 Two-Way Coupling Fluid-Structure Interaction Algorithm
	3 Results and Discussion of Fluid-Structure Interaction
		3.1 Modal Analysis of Vortex-Induced Agitator
		3.2 Heat Transfer Enhancement in Battery Pack
		3.3 Comparison Between Surface Heat Flux and Heat Transfer Coefficient
	4 Modeling of Thermal Performance in a Battery Pack
	5 Conclusions
	References
Application of “Digital Twin” Technology in Vehicle Aerodynamic Drag Optimization
	1 Introduction
	2 Physical Model Description
		2.1 Aerodynamic Drag Model
		2.2 Physical Model
	3 “Digital Twin” Model
		3.1 Model Construction
		3.2 Analysis Process
		3.3 Analysis Results
	4 Wind Tunnel Test of “Digital Twin” Model
	5 Simulation and Optimization of “Digital Twin” Model
	6 Verification of the Optimization of “Digital Twin” Model
		6.1 Verification of the Underbody Aerodynamic Kit
		6.2 Verification of Optimization Scheme of Upper Body
	7 DOE Verification of “Digital Twin” Model
		7.1 DOE Method
	8 Conclusions
	References
Optimal Design for Cooling Fan Based on Multi-objectives with Blowing Rate and Noise
	1 Introduction
	2 CFD Simulations
		2.1 Physical Model
		2.2 Numerical Model
	3 Numerical Aspects and Boundary Conditions
		3.1 Numerical Computation Method
		3.2 Boundary Conditions
		3.3 Grid Independence Test
		3.4 Validation of the CFD Model
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Aerodynamic Performance Analysis of Prototype Cooling Fan
		4.2 Optimization Design
	5 Conclusions
	References
Chassis Bolts Axial Force Attenuation Calculation and Verification
	1 Introduction
	2 Attenuation of Bolt Axial Force
		2.1 Overview of Axial Force Attenuation
		2.2 Axle Force Attenuation Calculation
	3 Axle Force Attenuation Calculation Example
		3.1 Engineering Structure Description
		3.2 Axle Force Attenuation Calculation
	4 Axle Force Attenuation Test
	5 Analysis of Test Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Study on the Influence Mechanism of Filiform Corrosion for Aluminum Alloy Decoration in Vehicle Interior Trim
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Filiform Corrosion
		2.1 Corrosion Phenomenon
		2.2 Chemical Composition Analysis
	3 Experiment Design
		3.1 Sample Production
		3.2 Experimental Scheme
	4 Analysis of Corrosion Results
		4.1 The Effect of Fitting Chrome Parts
		4.2 The Effect of Painting Along Cutting Edge
		4.3 The Effect of Brushing Process
		4.4 The Effect of Surface Coating Thickness
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Simulation Method of Solving the Cracking Problem of Knuckle Under the Vehicle’s Misuse Test
	1 Introduction
	2 Description of Knuckle Cracking Problem in the Vehicle Misuse Test
	3 Load Signal Acquisition for the Vehicle Misuse Test
	4 Virtual Iterative Model of the Front Suspension
	5 Simulation the Vehicle Misuse Condition
		5.1 Virtual Iteration is Used to Solve the Load Signal of the Knuckle’s Hard Point
		5.2 FEM Simulation Results and Test Results of Front Knuckle
	6 Summary and Prospect
	References
Application of New Fatigue Damage Theory in Reliability Design of Automobile Components
	1 Introduction
	2 Examples of Two Basic Problems in Fatigue Field
	3 The Idea of Equivalent Conversion of Load Spectrum into Single Stage Load Cycle and a New Fatigue Failure Criterion in the New Theory
	4 Solving the First Kind of Problems
	5 Solving the Second Kind of Problems
	6 Comparison of Known Conditions, Calculable Results and Application Convenience Between Miner Theory and the New Theory
	7 Application of the New Theory in Fatigue Reliability Life Prediction of Various Automobile Load Bearing Components
	8 Conclusion
	References
Proving Ground Correlation Method Based on Optimized Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 The Principle of Proving Ground Correlation
		2.1 Miner Linear Cumulative Damage Theory
		2.2 Construction of Proving Ground Correlation Model
		2.3 Proving Ground Correlation Model Baseb on Total Damage Equivalent
		2.4 Proving Ground Correlation Model Based on Frequency Band Damage Equivalent
		2.5 Technical Process of Proving Ground Correlation
	3 Road Load Date Acquisition and Date Processing
		3.1 Sensor Installation and Date Acquisition
	4 Load Date Processing
		4.1 Load Date Preprocessing
		4.2 The Pseudo Damage Calculation Under Various Events
	5 Implementation of Single Target Proving Ground Correlation Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
		5.1 Construction of Single Objective Function in Proving Ground Correlated
		5.2 Optimization Solution Based on Particle Swarm Optimization
	6 Results Verification of Proving Ground Correlation
		6.1 Comparison and Verification of Pseudo Damage
		6.2 Rain Flow Verification
		6.3 Comparision and Verification of Frequency Damian Damage Retention
	7 Conclusion
	References
Research on Equivalent Relationship Between Constant Amplitude Bench Test and Road Test of Top Mount
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Theoretical Basis
		2.1 Simplification and Assumption
		2.2 Mathematical Model
	3 Test Design
		3.1 Constant Amplitude Loading Bench Test Method
		3.2 Random Loading Test Method
	4 Constant Amplitude Loading Bench Test
		4.1 The Results of Constant Amplitude Loading Bench Test
		4.2 Treatment and Analysis of Bench Test Results Under Constant Amplitude Loading
	5 Random Loading Test
		5.1 The Analysis of Random Loading Test’s Load Spectrum
		5.2 Analysis of Random Loading Test Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Fatigue Assessment of Advanced Coach Structures with Welding Seams Based on the Experiments and FEA
	1 Introduction
	2 Acquisition of S-N Curve of Welded Joint of Coach Frame Structure
	3 Tensile and Compression Fatigue Test of Welded Joints
	4 Benchmark Study of Welded Joint Fatigue Life with CAE Method
		4.1 The Finite Element Fatigue Simulation Using Structural Stress Method
		4.2 Results and Discussions
	5 Fatigue Life Assessments of Advanced Coach Structure
	6 Conclusion
	References
Warranty Data Prediction and Research for Automobile Based on Weibull Distribution Model
	1 Introduction
	2 The Prediction Methodology by Weibull Distribution Model
		2.1 Warranty Data Analysis of Automobile
		2.2 Establish the Weibull Distribution Model
		2.3 The Prediction Method of Weibull Distribution Model
	3 The Application of the Prediction Methodology
		3.1 Preprocessing for Warranty Data
		3.2 Weibull Distribution Model and Prediction Analysis
		3.3 Error Analysis of Prediction
	4 Conclusions
	References
Optimization Design of Welding Seam for Axle Housing Baseed on Fatigue Life
	1 Introduction
	2 Overiew of Punch-Welded Axle Housing
	3 Finite Element Analysis of Axle Housing
		3.1 Finite Element Modeling
		3.2 Calculation Condition
		3.3 Stress Calculation
	4 Fatigue Life Calculation of Axle Housing
		4.1 Fatigue Life Calculation Method
		4.2 Fatigue Life Calculation of Axle Housing
	5 Optimation Design of Welding Seams
		5.1 Optimation Design Scheme
		5.2 Fatigue Life Calculation of Optimation Design Scheme
		5.3 Test Verification
	6 Conclusions
	References
Random Vibration Fatigue Analysis and Optimization of Vehicle Wheel Speed Sensor Bracket
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Description and Investigation
		2.1 Material Aspect
		2.2 System Layout Aspect
	3 Theory on Random Vibration Fatigue
		3.1 Random Vibration
		3.2 Palmgrem-Miner Rule
		3.3 Vibration Fatigue Analysis Methods
		3.4 Frequency Response Analysis
	4 Load Spectrum Collection and Accelerated Vibration Test
		4.1 Random Vibration Load Spectrum Collection
		4.2 Accelerated Vibration Test
	5 Random Vibration Fatigue Analysis of the Wheel Speed Sensor Bracket
		5.1 Finite Element Modeling
		5.2 Static Analysis of the Bracket
		5.3 Modal Analysis of the Bracket
		5.4 Frequency Response Analysis of the Bracket
		5.5 Random Vibration Fatigue Analysis of the Bracket
	6 Analysis and Verification of the Optimized Structure
		6.1 Optimized Structure
		6.2 Simulation Analysis
		6.3 Comparison in Accelerated Vibration Tests
		6.4 Verification in Road Durability Test
	7 Conclusion
	References
The Random Vibration Analysis and Optimization of MCU of a HEV Transmission
	1 Introduction
	2 Random Vibration Analysis
		2.1 Finite Element Model
		2.2 Material Parameters
		2.3 Random Vibration Excitation Load
	3 Result Analysis
		3.1 Modal Frequency Response
		3.2 Frequency Response Stress
		3.3 Summary of Causes of Vibration Failure
	4 Optimization
		4.1 Scheme B
		4.2 Scheme C
	5 Test Verification
	6 Conclusion
	References
Vibration Diagnosis and Control Research of a Car Luggage Door
	1 Introduction
	2 Vibration Problem of Luggage Door
		2.1 Vibration Problem Description
		2.2 Vibration Test
	3 Operational Mode Analysis
	4 Operational Transfer Path Analysis
	5 Vehicle Model
	6 Optimization Calculation
		6.1 Optimization Variable
		6.2 Optimization Objective
		6.3 Constraint Condition
		6.4 Optimization Calculation
	7 Verification of Optimization Results
		7.1 Mode Simulation Verification
		7.2 Fatigue Strength Simulation Verification
		7.3 Test Verification
	8 Conclusion
	References
Analysis on the Influence of Structural Adhesive Length on Torsional Stiffness of Body-in-White
	1 Introduction
	2 Optimization Analysis of Structural Adhesive Based on Body Torsion Condition of a Vehicle
		2.1 Topological Analysis of Location and Length of Structural Adhesive
		2.2 Trend Analysis of Body Structural Adhesive Length Under Torsional Condition
	3 Determine the Application Scheme of Structural Adhesive for a Vehicle Mode
		3.1 Structural Glue Scheme Layout Optimization
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design and Development of Automobile Hydraulic Servo Test System
	1 Introduction
	2 Technical Indicators
	3 Technical Scheme
	4 System Composition and Working Principle
		4.1 Basic Composition
		4.2 Working Principle
	5 System Function
		5.1 Specimen Installation
		5.2 Feedback Display
		5.3 Test Management
		5.4 Curve Display
		5.5 Limit and Filtering
		5.6 PID Regulation
		5.7 Valve Balance Setting
		5.8 Channel Calibration
		5.9 Other Functions
	6 Technological Innovation
		6.1 Hardware Product Innovation
		6.2 Software Product Innovation
	7 Economic Analysis
	8 Implementation Effect
	9 Conclusion
	Reference
The Closed-Form Equations of Motion of a Snake Robot with Coulomb Friction Force
	1 Introduction
	2 The Fundamental Equation of Constrained Motion
	3 The Closed-Form Friction Force
	4 Closed-Form Equations of Motion of a Snake Robot
		4.1 Unconstrained Equation of Motion
		4.2 Constraint Equation
		4.3 Constrained Equation of Motion
		4.4 Closed-Form Equation of Motion with Friction
		4.5 Modeling Procedure
	5 An Example
	6 Conclusions
	References
Design of Intelligent Factory Line Integrated Management System
	1 Introduction
	2 System Design Scheme
	3 System Function Module
	4 Network Architecture
	5 Data Acquisition Scheme of Various Equipment on Site
	6 Data Storage Mode
	7 Function Picture Display
	8 Conclusion
	References
Design and Application of Automatic Paint Marking System Based on Big Data of General Assembly
	1 Introduction
	2 Status of Industry Development
		2.1 Status of Development of Final Assembly Intelligent Manufacturing
		2.2 The Necessity of Paint Marking in Automotive Final Assembly Production
		2.3 Current Status of Final Assembly Paint Marking
	3 Automatic Paint Marking Device Solution Design
		3.1 Contact Type Automatic Paint Marking
		3.2 Non-contact Automatic Paint Marking
	4 Automatic Paint Marking System Design
		4.1 Robot Systems
		4.2 Positioning System
		4.3 Paint Supply-Painting System
		4.4 Software Control System
	5 Practical Application Examples and Problem Summarization
		5.1 Application Cases
		5.2 Problem Summary
	6 Conclusions
	References
Research the Position Design of the McPherson Suspension Anti-Roll Bar’s Linkage on the Steering Performance
	1 Introduction
	2 Influence of Additional Torque of Anti-Roll Bar on Steering
	3 Calculation of the Equivalent Steering Moment Arm Calculation
	4 Influence of the Equivalent Steering Moment Arm on Suspension Steering Performance
	5 Influence of the Equivalent Steering Moment Arm on Vehicle Dynamic Steering Performance
	6 Statistical Analysis for the Equivalent Steering Moment Arm
	7 Conclusion
	References
Suspension Friction Mechanism Study and Friction Optimization
	1 Introduction
	2 Mechanism of Suspension Friction Formation
	3 Suspension Friction Prediction Model and Verification
	4 Optimization and Verification of Suspension Friction
		4.1 Optimization of Shock Absorber Oil Seal Friction
		4.2 Shock Absorber Lateral Force Optimization
		4.3 Validation of Suspension Friction Optimization
	5 Conclusion
	References
An Objective Evaluation and Design Method for the Part Pedal Power Performance of Vehicles
	1 Introduction
	2 Full Pedal Power Performance and its Objective Evaluation Indices
		2.1 Key Influencing Factors of Part Load Power Performance
		2.2 Subjective Evaluation Items of the Part Pedal Power Performance
	3 The Part Pedal Power Performance and its Objective Evaluation Indices
		3.1 Objective Evaluation Variables of the Part Pedal Power Performance
		3.2 Part Load Acceleration Response Surface
		3.3 Objective Evaluation Indices of the Part Pedal Power Performance
		3.4 Analysis of Key Influencing Factors
	4 Application of Objective Evaluation Indices for the Part Pedal Power Performance
		4.1 Vehicle Parameters
		4.2 Criticism Items in Subjective Evaluation
		4.3 Design and Optimization of the Part Pedal Power Performance
		4.4 Performance Optimization Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research and Improvement on Protection of the Occupants of a Light Commercial Vehicle Cab
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Crashworthiness of Light Vehicle Cab
	3 Improve CAE Evaluation Index
	4 Body Structure Improvement and Analysis
	5 Test Verification
	6 Conclusion
	References
Experimental Research of Thermostat Diagnosis for Light Vehicle Cooling System
	1 Introduction
	2 Regulatory Requirement and Diagnostic Principle
		2.1 Regulatory Requirement
		2.2 Diagnostic Principle
	3 Factors in Performance Development
		3.1 Flow Improvement Components: Radiator Deflector
		3.2 Test Environment: Cooling Fan
		3.3 Test Environment: Coolant with Unexhausted Air
		3.4 Engine Control: Ignition Advance Angle
	4 Extreme Environmental Road Test
		4.1 High Temperature Environment Test
		4.2 High-Cold Environment Test
	5 Further Development and Potential Issues
		5.1 Pre-research on CLTC Model
		5.2 Potential Issues and Countermeasures
	6 Conclusion
	References
Low Temperature PEMS Emission Control Study of Commercial Vehicles
	1 Abstract
	2 Challenge Facing China 6b Emission Requirements
	3 Test Vehicle and Equipment Information
	4 Low Temperature PEMS Test Results
	5 Optimization of Engine Emission and Exhaust Temperature Strategy
	6 Vehicle PEMs Emission Revalidation
	7 Conclusion
	References
Effect of Rotor Excitation on Order Noise of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor
	1 Introduction
	2 Simulation of Order Noise of PMSM Excited by Rotor Electromagnetic Force
	3 Superelement Reduction of Rotor
	4 Modal Calculation of Motor Assembly
	5 Method of Electromagnetic Force Application
	6 Simulation of Motor Noise Considering Rotor Excitation
	7 Conclusion
	References
Whine Analysis and Reduction of Gearbox on EV
	1 Introduction
	2 Sound Isolation Theory
	3 Gear Whine Instruction
	4 Vibration Analysis
	5 MCU Shell Radiation Verification
	6 Comparison of Two C/Ms
	7 Conclusion
	References
Design and Verification Analysis of IGBT Bridge Arm Direct Active Discharge Circuit
	1 Introduction
	2 Control Circuit of Active Discharge
	3 Estimation of Junction Temperature of IGBT in Active Discharge
	4 Verification of Active Discharge
	5 Comparison of Two Discharge Circuits
	6 Conclusion
	References
The Study of Micro-channel Methanol Steam Reforming for On-Board Hydrogen Generation
	1 Introduction
	2 Flow Characteristics of the Micro-channel Reactor
		2.1 Simulation Preparation
		2.2 Simulation Parameters Setting
		2.3 Results and Discussion
	3 Hydrogen Production Performance of the Micro-channel Reactor
		3.1 Theory
		3.2 Kinetic Model
		3.3 Experimental
		3.4 Validation of Simulation Models
		3.5 The Applications of the Simulation Models
	4 Results and Discussion
	References
Bipolar Plate Flow Channel Design, Optimization and Influence Level on Performance of PEMFC
	1 Introduction
	2 Mathematical Model of Bipolar Plate Flow Channel Simulation
		2.1 Flow Channel Governing Equation
		2.2 Formation and Transport of Liquid Water
		2.3 PEMFC Electrochemical Reaction Model
		2.4 Establishment of PEMFC Simulation Model
	3 Flow Channel Shape and Dimensions Simulation Results Analysis
		3.1 Flow Channel Simulation, Different Shape Simulation Results Analysis
		3.2 Flow Channel Simulation, Different Flow Channel Depth Analysis
		3.3 Flow Channel Simulation, Different Flow Channel and Ridge Width Analysis
	4 Bipolar Plate Flow Channel Optimisation
		4.1 Flow Channel Optimisation Plan
		4.2 Flow Channel Optimized Simulation, Cathode Water Content Distribution of Different R1/R2
		4.3 Flow Channel Optimized Simulation, Reaction Gas Concentration of Different R1/R2
		4.4 PEMFC Performance Comparison with Original Flow Channel Concept
	5 Discussion of Different Flow Channel Shape and Dimension Influence Extent on PEMFC Performance
	6 Conclusions
	References
Research of Hybrid E-drive System Efficiency Influencing
	1 Introduction
	2 Energy Saving Technology Analysis
		2.1 Structure Analysis of Hybrid Electric Drive System
		2.2 Energy-Saving Technical Analysis of Hybrid Electric Drive System
	3 System Energy-Saving Technology Design
		3.1 Design of Oil Catcher
		3.2 Oil Occupying Design
	4 Simulation Results
	5 Bench Verification Result
	6 Vehicle Verification Result
	7 Conclusions
	References
Optimization of Installation Form of Battery Pack Based on Acoustic Sensitivity Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Acoustic Sensitivity of the Trimmed Body
	3 Establishment of Acoustic Sensitivity Analysis Model
		3.1 Trimmed Body and Acoustic Cavity Modeling
		3.2 Battery Pack Modeling
	4 Acoustic Sensitivity Analysis of Trimmed Body
	5 The Optimization of the Battery Pack Installation Form and Bracket
		5.1 Optimization of the Installation form of Battery Pack
		5.2 Optimization of Battery Pack Bracket
		5.3 Comparative Analysis of Original Scheme and Improved Scheme
	6 Verification of Real Vehicle Scheme
	7 Conclusion
	References
Design of Speed Regulation Module for Automobile Air-Conditioning Blower
	1 Introduction
	2 Hardware Design
		2.1 Single-Chip Minimal System Design
		2.2 Power Circuit Design
		2.3 Three-Phase Drive Circuit Design
		2.4 Sampling Circuit Design
		2.5 Alarm Circuit Design
		2.6 Communication Circuit Design
		2.7 Rotor Position Detection Circuit Design
	3 Software Design
		3.1 Double Closed Loop Design
		3.2 Expert System Fuzzy PID
		3.3 The Overall Design of the Software
	4 Experimental Research
		4.1 Construction of Experimental Test Platform
		4.2 Speed Test
		4.3 Air Volume Test
	5 Conclusion
	References
Study on Car Body Solder Joint Failure Based on Crash Safety
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Background of Hot-Forming Solder Joints Strength
	3 Solder Joints Strength Test of Hot-Forming Parts
		3.1 Solder Joints Test
		3.2 Formulation of Solder Joint Experiment Parameters
		3.3 Design of Solder Joints Experiment
		3.4 Result of Solder Joints Experiment
		3.5 The Test Result of Solder Joint
	4 The Simulation of Solder Joint Failure of Hot-Forming Parts
		4.1 Finite Element Modeling of Solder Joints
		4.2 Solder Joints Test Piece Simulation Analysis Calibration
	5 Optimization of Connection Structure of Hot-Forming Parts
		5.1 Optimization Scheme of Hot-Forming Solder Joint Structure Based on Vehicle a
		5.2 Simulation Verification of Optimization Scheme of Hot-Forming Solder Joint Structure
		5.3 Verification of Optimization Scheme of Hot-Forming Solder Joint Structure on Real Vehicle
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research on Air Supply System Control of PEMFC Based on LQR Control
	1 Introduction
	2 PEMFC Air Supply System
	3 Optimal Peroxide Ratio Control
	4 Research on Control Algorithm of Air Supply System
		4.1 Establishment of System State Space Equation
		4.2 Linear Quadratic Optimal Control
		4.3 Result Analysis and Simulation
	5 Conclusion
	References
Dynamic Coordination Control Strategy of Dual-Planetary Power-Split Hydraulic Hybrid Vehicle
	1 Introduction
	2 Vehicle System
		2.1 Dynamical System
		2.2 Functions of System
	3 Mode Switching Coordination Control
		3.1 Dynamic Analysis of Total Demand
		3.2 Total Demand Power Distribution
	4 Shift Coordination Control
		4.1 Dynamic Analysis of Shifting Process
		4.2 Shifting Coordination Control Strategy
	5 Simulation Verification
		5.1 Simulation of Mode Switching Coordination Control
		5.2 Simulation of Shift Coordination Control
	6 Conclusion
	References
Application of Composite PSO Algorithm in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Control Optimization
	1 Introduction
	2 Hybrid System Configuration
	3 HEV Control Strategy Design
		3.1 Driving Intention Design
		3.2 DCT-Shift Control Strategy
		3.3 Energy Management Strategy
	4 Selection of Optimization Algorithm
		4.1 PSO Algorithm
		4.2 DE Algorithm
		4.3 DE-PSO Algorithm
	5 Description of HEV Control Strategy Algorithm Optimization Design
		5.1 Design of Control Strategy Algorithm Optimization
		5.2 Design Variation
		5.3 Constraint of Control Strategy
		5.4 Design Objectives of Control Strategy Optimization
		5.5 Optimal Design Principle of Control Strategy
	6 Operation Principle and Implementation of System Optimization
		6.1 Optimization Principle
		6.2 Establish Vehicle Model
	7 Analysis of Optimization Results
	8 Conclusion
	References
Low-Load Performance Analysis and Improvement Method of Automotive PEMFC System
	1 Introduction
	2 Air-Bypass Scheme and Working Principle
		2.1 Analysis of Compressor Surge and High Oxygen Excess Ratio
		2.2 Principle Analysis of Air-Bypass Scheme
	3 Modeling of PEMFC System
		3.1 Modeling of Stack
		3.2 Modeling of Air System
	4 Performance Analysis of PEMFC System Under Low Load Conditions
		4.1 Oxygen Excess Ratio and Compressor Operating Point
		4.2 Compressor Power Consumption and PEMFC System Performance
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on the Influence of Voltage Platform on the Performance of Electric Drive System
	1 Introduction
	2 Influence of Voltage Platform on Performance of Electric Drive System
		2.1 The Influence of Voltage on Output Torque of Driving Motor
		2.2 Influence of Voltage on Driving Motor Power
	3 Influence of Voltage on Efficiency of Electric Drive System
		3.1 Influence of Voltage on Driving Motor Efficiency
		3.2 Influence of Voltage on Driving Motor Controller Efficiency
		3.3 The Influence of Voltage on the Ratio of High Efficiency Zone of the Electric Drive System
	4 Analysis of the Influence of Different Voltage Platforms on the Performance of the Electric Drive System
	5 Conclusion
	References
Risk Prediction of Power Battery Based on Logistic Regression Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Basis of Algorithm
		2.1 Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
		2.2 Pearson Correlation Coefficient
		2.3 Logistic Regression Algorithm
		2.4 Steps of the Algorithm
	3 Example and Analysis
		3.1 Pearson Correlation Coefficient Analysis
		3.2 Parameter Analysis
		3.3 Logistic Regression Algorithm
	4 Conclusion
	References
Research on Consistent Separation Method of Lithium Ion Battery
	1 Introduction
	2 The Principle of Lithium Ion Battery
	3 Reasons for Inconsistent Single Battery
		3.1 Single Battery Manufacturing Differences
		3.2 Differences in Performance Parameters of Single Batteries
		3.3 Differences in Battery Working Status
	4 Research on Battery Sorting Method
		4.1 Overview of Lithium-Ion Battery Sorting
		4.2 Lithium-Ion Battery Sorting Method
		4.3 Experiment Preparation and Methods
		4.4 Experimental Data Analysis
		4.5 Experimental Verification of Sorting Method
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research on Driving Control Strategy of Electric Racing Car Based on Pattern Recognition
	1 Introduction
	2 Driving Pattern Recognition
	3 Accelerator Pedal Correction Control
		3.1 Power Mode
		3.2 Economic Model
	4 Simulation
		4.1 Vehicle Mode
		4.2 Track Model
		4.3 Co-simulation
		4.4 Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Design of the Power System of a Formula Race Car with Dual Motors Driven Independently
	1 Introduction
	2 Dual-Motor Power System Structure
	3 Power System Parameter Matching
		3.1 Double Motor Parameter Calculation
		3.2 Calculation of Battery Parameters
		3.3 Transmission System Parameter Design
	4 Racing Car Modeling and Simulation
		4.1 Modeling of Dual-Motor Formula Racing Car and Establishment of Cycle Conditions
		4.2 Simulation Results and Analysis of Scheme 1
		4.3 Simulation Results and Analysis of Scheme 2
	5 Conclusions
	References
FSAE Aerodynamic Design Based on the Rear Layout of the Radiator and Targeted Improvement of the Cooling System
	1 Introduction
	2 Basic Design Analysis and the Establishment of 3D Model
		2.1 Aerodynamic Design Analysis
		2.2 Comparison on Cooling System Layout
		2.3 Establishment of 3D Model
	3 Aerodynamic Design with New Layout
		3.1 Front Aerodynamic Design
		3.2 Side Aerodynamic Design
		3.3 Rear Aerodynamic Design
	4 Rear-Mounted Engine Cooling System Design
		4.1 Primary Calculation on Water Flux
		4.2 Research on Circulation Characteristics of the Cooling System
		4.3 Calculation of Radiator Ventilation
	5 Numerical Calculation and Simulation Study of Overall Vehicle Performance
		5.1 Overall Vehicle CFD Analysis
		5.2 Overall Vehicle System Dynamic Simulation
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research on Matching Method of Traction Battery for Formula Student Electric Race Car
	1 Introduction
	2 Introduction to Matching Method of Power Battery
	3 Parameter Calculation of Power Battery System
		3.1 Main Technical Parameters of Drive Motor
		3.2 Main Technical Parameters of Motor Controller
		3.3 Parameter Calculation of Power Battery System
	4 Selection and Matching of Cell
		4.1 Cell Type Selection
		4.2 Matching Parameters of Cells
		4.3 Selection and Determination of Cells
	5 Simulink-CarSim Co-simulation
		5.1 Acceleration Test
		5.2 Endurance Test
		5.3 Analysis of Simulation Results
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research on Brakeforce Distribution Strategy of Regenerative Braking System for a Four-Wheel Drive FSAE Race Car
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Research Background and Significance
		1.2 Domestic and Foreign Research Status
	2 Design of Regenerative Braking System Configuration
		2.1 The Composition of the Race Car’s Braking System
		2.2 Choice of Brakeforce Distribution Strategy
	3 Design of Brakeforce Distribution Strategy
		3.1 Race Car Drive Motor Characteristics
		3.2 Motor Brakeforce Calculation
		3.3 Electric Motor Brakeforce Distribution Strategy
	4 The Simulation Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
Improved Design of Hub Structure Based on Real Load Spectrum Analysis
	1 The Introduction
	2 Load Spectrum Acquisition
		2.1 Acquisition of Vertical Wheel Load
		2.2 Distribution of Longitudinal Load and Lateral Load
	3 Structure Design of Wheel Hub
		3.1 Determine the Bearing Model
		3.2 Determine the Overall Size of the Hub
		3.3 Statics Finite Element Analysis
		3.4 Actual Failure Forms of Wheel Hubs
	4 Fatigue Analysis of Wheel Hub
		4.1 Fatigue Damage Theory
		4.2 Environment Construction for Fatigue Analysis
		4.3 Selection of Mean Stress Correction Rule
		4.4 Result Analysis
	5 Improved Design of Wheel Hub Structure
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research on Laster Positioning Algorithm of Unmanned Formula Racing Car
	1 Introduction
	2 Description of Algorithm
		2.1 Data Preprocessing
		2.2 Extract the Laser Odometer
		2.3 Loopback Detection
		2.4 The Back-End Optimization
	3 Algorithm Testing
	4 Conclusion
	References
Parameter Identification of Modified Bouc-Wen Model for MRF Damper Based on Genetic Algorithm and Nonlinear Least Square Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Bouc-Wen Model
		2.1 Simple Bouc-Wen Model
		2.2 Modified Bouc-Wen Model
	3 Experiment and Data Acquisition
	4 Parameter Identification
		4.1 Genetic Algorithm
		4.2 Nonlinear Least Square Method
	5 Model Validation
	6 The Conclusions and Future Work
	References
Research on Optimized Speed Limit Model to Improve the Cornering Ability of Intelligent Driving
	1 Introduction
	2 Principle of Intelligent Driving Speed Limit
		2.1 Analysis of Curve Deceleration Model
		2.2 Objective Evaluation Indicators
		2.3 Subjective Evaluation Indicators
	3 Calibration Optimization Based on Different Curves Radius
	4 Experimental Verification
	5 Conclusions
	References
Research on Dynamic Scenario Predictive Description Algorithm of Automatic Driving
	1 Introduction
	2 Dynamic Obstacles Tracking and Prediction Algorithm
		2.1 Normal Distribution Transformation NDT Global Location
		2.2 Dynamic Obstacles Pose Prediction Based on EKF
	3 Dynamic Scenario Prediction Description
		3.1 Hierarchical Cost Map Generation
	4 Simulation Experiment and Result Analysis
		4.1 Hybrid A * Algorithm Flow
		4.2 Simulation Experiment Setup
		4.3 Simulation Results and Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
AEB Target Selection Method Based on Sensor Fusion
	1 Introduction
	2 Framework and Principle
		2.1 Perception-Data-Fusion
		2.2 Trajectory-Prediction
		2.3 AEB-Target-Filtering
	3 Test and Verification
		3.1 Test Scenario
		3.2 Data Acquisition
		3.3 Test Tool
		3.4 Test Results
	4 Conclusion
	References
Continuous-Curvature Path Planner Based on RS Algorithm
	1 Introduction
	2 RS Algorithm
	3 Continuous Curvature Algorithm
	4 Curvature Continuous Turns
	5 Continuous Curvature Path
		5.1 CC and C|C
		5.2 CCC Type Path
		5.3 CSC Type Path
	6 Simulation and Experiment
		6.1 Vehicle Experiment
	7 Conclusion
	References
A Survey of Driver Behavior Perception Methods for Human-Computer Hybrid Enhancement of Intelligent Driving
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Status of Driver Behavior Perception
		2.1 Subjective Evaluation
		2.2 Indirect State Monitoring and Behavior Perception
		2.3 Direct State Monitoring
	3 Driver Behavior Perception Based on Hybrid Enhancement for Human-Computer Shared Driving
	4 Conclusion
	References
Research on Human-Imitative Autonomous Lane-Changing Method on Highways
	1 Introduction
	2 Driver’s Lane Changing Behavior Mechanism Analysis
		2.1 Lane Changing Behavior Data Collection Test
		2.2 Extracting Characteristic Parameters of Lane Changing Behavior
	3 Autonomous Lane Changing Algorithm Design
		3.1 Human-Like Decision-Making Method for Autonomous Lane Changing
		3.2 Autonomous Lane Change Tracking Control Method
	4 Simulation Test Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Visual-Inertial Odometry Design Based on Nonlinear Optimization and Its Online Initialization Method for the Autonomous Navigation
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Visual Inertial System Description
		3.1 Robust Visual Front End
		3.2 IMU Pre-integration
		3.3 Estimator’s Online Initialization
		3.4 Tightly Coupled Visual Inertial Odometer
	4 Experimental Results and Analysis
		4.1 Simulation Experiments Based on Public Data Set
		4.2 Indoor Experiment
	5 Conclusion and the Future Work
	References
Application of SecOC Based on SM4 Algorithm for Communication Security of Bus in Vehicle
	1 Introduction
	2 SecOC Security Mechanism
	3 National Secret SM4 Algorithm
		3.1 National Secret Algorithm
		3.2 SM4 Algorithm [5, 6]
	4 Research on SM4’s Application in E2E Safety Communication in Vehicle
		4.1 System Structure
		4.2 Test of SM4 Algorithm Hardware Application Scheme
		4.3 MCU
		4.4 Security Chip
		4.5 Lab Environment
		4.6 Test Methods
		4.7 Test Content
		4.8 Test Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
Research and Application of Real-Time Measurement Method of Engine Oil Consumption
	1 Introduction
	2 Technology Status
	3 Demonstration of Consistency and Accuracy of Measurement
		3.1 Consistency Analysis of Bench Fuel Consumption Test
		3.2 Determination of Reference Standard for Engine Oil Consumption
		3.3 Accuracy Analysis of Bench Engine Oil Consumption Test
	4 Research on Test Equipment
		4.1 Real-Time Measurement Device for Engine Oil Consumption
		4.2 Display of Real-Time Measurement Effect of Engine Oil Consumption
		4.3 Equipment Selection and Optimization
	5 Data Processing Method
		5.1 Bench Test Scheme
		5.2 Data Processing Scheme
		5.3 Result Analysis
		5.4 Application Boundary
	6 Joint Application Effect Display
		6.1 Test Plan
		6.2 Test Bench and Original Measurement Data
		6.3 Combined Application Test Results
	7 Conclusion
	References
Theoretical Analysis and Engineering Design of Spiral Groove Hydrodynamics Thrust Bearing for Turbocharger Application
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Analysis
		2.1 Solution of Energy Equations
		2.2 Thermal-Viscosity Model
		2.3 Solution of Reynolds Equation
	3 Calculation Method Validation and Structure Optimization
		3.1 Calculation Method Validation
		3.2 Spiral Groove Thrust Bearing Optimization
	4 Supplementary Engineering Knowledge
		4.1 Oil Effects on Bearing Performance
		4.2 Thrust Pad Ramp (or Groove Depth) Tolerances Setting
		4.3 Effect of Surface Roughness on Bearing Performance
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Experimental Research of 500 bar Ultra-high-pressure Fuel Injection System for Gasoline Direct Injection Engine
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Experimental Setup
		3.1 Equipment
		3.2 Test Procedures
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Part Load Characteristics
		4.2 Full Load
		4.3 Mini Map
	5 Conclusion
	References
Structural Optimization Design of BIW in Concept Stage
	1 Introduction
	2 Build Parameterized Model of the Reference Car
	3 Build the Initial Version of Parameterized Model of the New Car Style
	4 Improve Body Performance by Optimizing the Section Size
	5 Optimized Thickness to Reduce Body Weight
	6 Conclusion
	References
Analysis of Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Hot Formed Steel
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Materials and Methods
	3 Experimental Results and Discussion
		3.1 Strength Characteristics of Different Strain Rates
		3.2 Plastic Characteristics of Different Strain Rates
		3.3 Strain Rate Sensitivity
		3.4 Result Discussion
	4 Conclusion
	References
Design of Brake Disc Dust Cover Based on Multidisciplinary Optimization Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Optimization Theory and Vibration Durability Theory
		2.1 Optimization Theory
		2.2 Random Vibration Fatigue Theory
	3 Conceptual Design Process
		3.1 Operating Conditions and Results of Analysis
		3.2 Joint Optimization Analysis of Topology and Topography
		3.3 Optimization Results
	4 Detailed Design Scheme
		4.1 Vibration Durability Condition
		4.2 Multidisciplinary Optimization
	5 Summarize
	References
Comparative Analysis of Estimation Methods of Control Limits for the Engine Cold Test Parameters
	1 Introduction
	2 Characteristics of Signals in the Engine Cold Test
	3 Estimation Methods
		3.1 Moment Estimation
		3.2 Median-Range Estimation
		3.3 Gaussian Score Estimation
	4 Results and Discussion
		4.1 Comparison of Oil Pressure Estimates
		4.2 Comparison of Exhaust Pressure Estimates
	5 Conclusions
	References
Opening Draw and Die Design of Rear Fender
	1 Introduction
	2 New Process Plan for Drawing and Forming of Rear Fender
		2.1 Technical Problem to be Solved
		2.2 New Process of Drawing Forming
		2.3 Open Drawing Design
		2.4 Floating Holding Plate Design
		2.5 Design Effect
	3 Drawing Die Design
	4 Drawing Die Work Sequence
	5 Conclusions
	References
Research and Application of Process Appraisement Method in General Assembly Field
	1 Foreword
	2 Sketch
		2.1 Process Appraisement Definition
		2.2 Process Appraisement Strategy
		2.3 Contents of Final Assembly Process Appraisement
		2.4 Evaluation Method of Final Assembly Process Appraisement
	3 Process Appraisement Process
	4 Standard Elements of Final Assembly Process Review
		4.1 Final Assembly Pass Review
		4.2 Final Assembly Process Review
	5 Rear Suspension Review Example
		5.1 Review Scenario Setting
		5.2 Passing Evaluation of Process Equipment
		5.3 Assembly Review
	6 Conclusion
	References
Application of Virtual Process Verification in Production Preparation of Instrument Panel Assembly Line
	1 Introduction
	2 Concept
	3 Design and Virtual Verification of Mixed Flow Production Scheme
		3.1 Design and Verification of Universal Assembly Trolley
		3.2 Assembly Process Design and Man-Hour Balance Verification
		3.3 Line Layout and Logistics Optimization
		3.4 Implementation Effect
	4 Conclusion
	References
Research on Lightweight Composite Bulletproof Technology of a Protective Vehicle
	1 Introduction
	2 Selection of Bulletproof Materials
		2.1 Objective of Bulletproof Performance
		2.2 Study on Material Properties
	3 Bulletproof Simulation Analysis and Optimization
		3.1 Design of System
		3.2 Analysis Model and Calculation Method
		3.3 Calculation Results
		3.4 Analysis and Evaluation
	4 Bullet Proof Test Verification
		4.1 Construction of Test Standards
		4.2 Test Scheme
		4.3 Test Result
	5 Conclusion
Effect of Graphene Content on the Mechanical Properties of PMMA Composites
	1 Introduction
	2 Experimental Details
		2.1 Materials
		2.2 Preparation of Graphene-PMMA Composites
		2.3 Raman and SEM Characterizations
		2.4 Tensile, Tear and Notched Tensile Tests
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Graphene Distribution within the Composites
		3.2 Tensile Tests on Composites with Different Graphene Content
		3.3 Trousers Tearing Tests
		3.4 SENB Tensile Tests
	4 Conclusions
	References
Dedicated Hybrid Engine Main Bearing Ticking Test Study and Root Cause Analysis
	1 Introduction
	2 Engine Features
	3 Noise and Vibration Character of Bearing Tick
	4 Combustion Study
	5 Oil Temperature and Viscosity Study
	6 Main Bearing Clearance Study
	7 Oil Pump High Pressure Mode
	8 Crankshaft Lubrication Study
	9 Conclusions
	References
Research and Application of Vehicle Dynamic Interference Method
	1 Introduction
	2 Research of Vehicle Dynamic Interference Method
		2.1 Multi Degree of Freedom Forced Vibration Theory
		2.2 Time Domain Transient Response Algorithm Under External Excitation
	3 Dia Simulation Analysis and Test Verification of Automobile Trunk Lid System
		3.1 Input Definition of DIA System
		3.2 Simulation Analysis of DIA System and Test Verification of Automobile Trunk Lid Basic Scheme
		3.3 Simulation Analysis of DIA System and Test Verification of Automobile Trunk Lid Optimization Scheme
	4 Conclusions
	References
Gear Whine Optimization of Hybrid Transmission Based on Dynamic Excitation
	1 Introduction
	2 Description of Gear Whine Issue
	3 Research of Dynamic Excitation Influence
		3.1 Description of DTE
		3.2 Simulation Results Comparison Between DTE and STE
		3.3 Vibration Result Comparison Between DTE Simulation and Test
	4 Investigation of Transmission Noise Issue
		4.1 Simulation Investigation of Gear Whine Noise
		4.2 Simulation of Optimization Scheme
	5 Vehicle Verification of Optimization Scheme
	6 Summary
	References
Influence of Foaming Process on Acoustic Performance of a Vehicle with a Typical Lightweight Floor Carpet
	1 Introduction
	2 PU Foaming Process and Carpet Structure
	3 Simulation Analysis
		3.1 Modeling of PU Material and Boundary Conditions
		3.2 STL Simulation
		3.3 Full-Vehicle Simulation and Test Validation
	4 Conclusions
	References
Diagnostic Analysis and Improvement of a Chinese VI Engine with Abnormal Noise in EGR System
	1 Introduction
	2 Determination of Abnormal Noise Source
		2.1 Engine Noise Test
		2.2 Location Test of the Abnormal Noise Source
	3 Theoretical Analysis and Simulation Optimization
		3.1 The Vortex Noise
		3.2 Abnormal Noise Analysis and Simulation Optimization
	4 Verification of Bench Acoustic Test
		4.1 Comparison of Noise SPL and EGR Flow
		4.2 Comparison of Frequency Domain Data
	5 Conclusions
	References
Study on Optimization of Heaviness of Door Closing Sound
	1 Foreword
	2 The Evaluation Method and Index of the Heaviness of Door Closing Sound
		2.1 Sharpness
		2.2 Duration
		2.3 Heaviness Score
	3 The Optimization and Verification of the Heaviness of Door Closing Sound
		3.1 Current Status and Goal Setting
		3.2 Influence Factor Analysis and Optimization Object Selection
		3.3 Structure Optimization of Door Lock
		3.4 Verification of Optimization Solution
	4 Summary
	References
Study on Accelerating Boom Control of a Certain SUV
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Description
	3 Preliminary Judgment
	4 Analysis and Optimization of Dynamic Stiffness of Frame
		4.1 Dynamic Stiffness Analysis
		4.2 Optimization Plan and Results
	5 Real Vehicle Optimization Verification
	6 Conclusion
	References
Simulation and Optimization of Vehicle Booming Noise Based on DFSS Method
	1 Foreword
	2 Mechanism and Analysis Method of Vehicle Booming
		2.1 Generation Mechanism and Control Strategy of Interior Booming
		2.2 Analysis Method of Vehicle Booming
		2.3 DFSS Process
	3 Case Analysis
		3.1 Simulation Model Establishment and Validation
		3.2 Research on Booming Optimization
	4 Conclusions
	References
Research and Analysis on Knocking Noise of Mechanical Vacuum Pump of Turbocharged Direct Injection Engine
	1 Introduction
	2 Identification of Knocking Noise Source
		2.1 Introduction to Wavelet Analysis
		2.2 Test of Knocking Noise
		2.3 Identification of Knocking Noise Source
	3 Analysis of Knocking Mechanism
		3.1 Structure and Principle of Mechanical Vacuum Pump
		3.2 Verification Scheme for Mechanical Vacuum Pump Knocking
		3.3 Identification of the Components and Parts Generating Knocking
		3.4 Mechanism Knocking and Optimization Direction
	4 Scheme and Implementation
		4.1 Disturbance Knocking Source
		4.2 Formulation of Engineering Solution
		4.3 Implementation of Engineering Solution
	5 Conclusions
	References
Multi-disciplinary Design Optimization of Vehicle Performance Based on Design of Experimental and Approximate Model
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and P-graph Analysis
	3 Simulation Analysis of Working Conditions
		3.1 The Working Condition Simulation of Front Suspension Flutter
		3.2 The Working Condition Simulation of Idle
	4 The Integration of Multiple Working Conditions Simulation and Data Analysis
		4.1 Formulate the Experimental Plan and Implement the DOE
		4.2 Construction of Approximate Model
		4.3 The Identification of Factors with Performance Conflict
	5 Optimization Design
		5.1 Definition of Optimization Problem
		5.2 Optimization Calculation
		5.3 Optimization and Actual Vehicle Verification
	6 Conclusion
	References
Design Modification of Vehicle Body Structure for Wiper System Waterproof Performance
	1 Introduction
	2 Waterproof Requirement of Wiper System
	3 Waterproof Reliablity Test of Wiper System
		3.1 Failure Status of Waterproof Reliability Test on Wiper System
		3.2 Failure Cause Analysis
	4 Simulation Analysis of Water Flow Under Washing Model
		4.1 Select CFD Method and Establish Simulation Model
		4.2 CFD Simulation Results
	5 Structural Improvement
		5.1 Improvement Scheme
		5.2 Results of CFD Simulation
	6 Waterproof Test on Actual Vehicle
	7 Conclusion
	References
Optimization of the Matching Performance of an Electric Vehicle’s Vacuum Source
	1 Introduction
	2 Test and Evaluation of the Original Scheme
		2.1 Test of the Original Scheme
		2.2 Evaluation of the Original Scheme
	3 Dynamic Vacuum Pressure Simulation
		3.1 The Vacuum Extraction Model
		3.2 Brake Vacuum Consumption
		3.3 Dynamic Vacuum Pressure Simulation
	4 Optimization
		4.1 Analysis of Optimization Scheme
		4.2 Simulation of the Optimized Vehicle
		4.3 Actual Vehicle Verification of Optimization Scheme
	5 Conclusions
	References
Analysis of the Influence of Hinge Inclination on the Self Closing Force of the Door
	1 Establishment of Geometric Model of Door Closing System and Derivation of Closing Force Formula
	2 Comparative Analysis and Real Vehicle Design Verification
		2.1 Different Models of the Graph and the Contrastive Analysis of the Real Vehicle Measurement
		2.2 Verification of Vehicle Design for Optimal Hinge Inclination
	3 Conclusion
	References
The Research on the Subjective and Objective Drivability Evaluation and Analysis of PHEV Passenger Car
	1 Introduction
	2 Test and Evaluate Vehicle Control Strategies
	3 Objective Testing Equipment and Evaluation Methods
		3.1 Data Collection Scheme and Test Equipment
		3.2 Evaluate Working Conditions and Indicators
		3.3 Subjective and Objective Correlation Evaluation Method and System
	4 Test Results and Analysis
		4.1 The Switching Process of Different Modes
		4.2 Evaluation and Analysis of Response Characteristics
		4.3 Comfort Evaluation and Analysis
	5 Discussion and Summary
	6 Conclusion
	References
Research on Crash Simulation Technology of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic Vehicle Body
	1 Introduction
	2 CFRP Vehicle Body Modeling
		2.1 Element Direction
		2.2 Material Direction
		2.3 Parts Disassembly
		2.4 Vehicle Modeling
	3 Material Characterization
		3.1 CFRP Characterization
		3.2 Structure Glue Characterization
		3.3 Vehicle Crash Test
		3.4 Vehicle Impact Simulation Correlation
	4 Conclusions
	References
Investigation on Energy Transmission of the MPDB
	1 Introduction
	2 Introduction for MPDB
		2.1 Test Method of MPDB
		2.2 Mobile Progressive Deformable Barrier (MPDB)
		2.3 The Penalty Rule
	3 Energy Analysis for MPDB
		3.1 Energy Conservation
		3.2 The Calculation Method of MPDB
		3.3 Parameters Determining
	4 The Application of the Energy Analysis Method
		4.1 Residual Kinetic Energy
		4.2 The Deformation of the Barrier After Test
		4.3 Energy Transmission in the MPDB Condition
	5 Conclusion
	References
Parametric Study on SUV-e-Bike Collision for Safety Test & Evaluation Regulations
	1 Introduction
	2 Method and Materials
		2.1 Accident Description
		2.2 Accident Reconstruction
		2.3 Parameterization Simulation
	3 Results
		3.1 Head Impact Time T0
		3.2 Wrapping Around Distance (WAD)
		3.3 Head Impacting Velocity and Angular Velocity
		3.4 Head Impacting Angle
		3.5 Head Injury Criteria HIC15
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Study of the Response of the Front-Row Far Side Dummy Under Vehicle Side Impact Condition
	1 Introduction
	2 Simulation Settings
		2.1 CAE Model
		2.2 Vehicle Acceleration and Speed
		2.3 Dummy Types and Analytical Matrix
	3 Comparison of Dummies
		3.1 Size Comparison
		3.2 Mass Comparison
	4 Comparison of Simulation Results
		4.1 Comparison of Dummy Poses
		4.2 Comparison of Simulation Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
China’s Automobile Recall System and Recall Implementation Status
	1 Establishment and Development of Automobile Recall System
	2 Analysis of Recall of Defective Auto Products in China from 2004 to 2019
		2.1 Analysis of Total Vehicle Recall in China
		2.2 The Proportion of Vehicles Recalled in Sales Volume in China
		2.3 Defective Vehicle Recall Affected by the Investigation
		2.4 Analysis of Reasons for Auto Recall in China
	3 Analysis of Recall of Defective Auto Products in China from 2015 to 2019
		3.1 General Situation
		3.2 Analysis of the Reasons from 2015 to 2019
		3.3 Analysis of Recall Announcement
	4 Conclusions
	References
Research on the Establishment and Application of Demand Value Analysis Model for Automobile Products
	1 Introduction
	2 Demand Value Analysis
		2.1 Basic Idea
		2.2 Mathematical Model of Demand Value Analysis
	3 Establishment of Demand Value Analysis Method
		3.1 The Value Analysis Method of Creative Demand
		3.2 Demand Commercial Value Analysis Method
	4 Case Analysis
		4.1 Value Analysis of Creative Demand
		4.2 Analysis of Commercial Value
		4.3 Summary of Case Analysis
	5 Conclusion
	References
User Behavior Optimization Strategy for Electric Vehicle Based on Improving Battery SOH
	1 Introduction
	2 Analysis of Battery SOH and Its Influencing Factors
	3 Establishment of Battery SOH Prediction Model
		3.1 Data Preprocessing and Input Variables Determination
		3.2 Establishment of Battery SOH Prediction Model
	4 Formulation of User Behavior Optimization Strategy
		4.1 Classification of the User Behavior
		4.2 Formulation of User Behavior Optimization Strategy
		4.3 Validation of Optimization Strategy
	5 Conclusions
	References
Research on Software Project Configuration Management Based on Iterative Development
	1 Basic Situation
		1.1 Clear Configuration Management Strategy
		1.2 Configuration Management Tools
	2 Configuration Management Plan
		2.1 Permission Distribution Principle
		2.2 Branch and Merge Strategy
		2.3 Configuration Item Revision History Method
	3 Documentation and Code Baseline
	4 Configuration Audit and Result
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Construction and Applications of Visual Management Model for Automobile Body Project Management URD
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Body Project Management
	3 Operating Framework of Body Project Management URD
		3.1 Mission and Process
		3.2 Target Results and Performance
		3.3 Standards
		3.4 Capabilities
		3.5 Problem and Risk Handling
		3.6 Work Promotion
	4 Application Examples
	5 Conclusion
	References
Development Status and Proposals for Insurance Industry of Intelligent Connected Vehicles
	1 Introduction
	2 ICV Insurance Product Analysis
	3 ICV Insurance Industry Development Status
		3.1 ICV Insurance System Development Status in Major Countries
		3.2 Exploration in ICV Insurance Business of Enterprises
	4 ICV Insurance Industry Problem Analysis
		4.1 Current Liability Division System is Inapplicable
		4.2 Current Insurance Clauses and Products Can Not Meet the Requirements of Industry Development
		4.3 ICV Insurance Product Design Lacks Relevant Support
	5 ICV Insurance Development Proposals
		5.1 Establish and Improve Relevant Laws and Regulations of Liability Division
		5.2 Improve Compulsory Traffic Insurance Mechanism and Promote Automated Driving Technology
		5.3 Adhere to the Primary Principle of Protecting Victims in Traffic Accidents
		5.4 Actively Promote Cross-Industry Cooperation and Support Innovative Product Design
	References
Analysis and Research on Pitting Failure of a Passenger Car’s Hybrid Transmission Gear
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Description
	3 Tooth Flank Pitting Analysis
		3.1 Tooth Flank Contact Strength Theoretical Analysis
		3.2 Tooth Flank Contact Analysis under System Deformation
	4 Optimization and Verification of Gear Micro-modification
		4.1 Gear Micro-Modification Design
		4.2 Test Verification
	5 Conclusion
	References
EMC Analysis of High and Low Voltage Wiring Spacing for New Energy Vehicles
	1 Theoretical Analysis
		1.1 Capacitive Coupling Model
		1.2 Inductive Coupling Model
		1.3 Near Field Effect Estimation
	2 Standard Analysis
		2.1 EMI Standard Analysis
		2.2 EMS Standard Analysis
		2.3 Standard Analysis Recommendations
	3 Simulation Analysis
		3.1 Simulation Model
		3.2 Simulation Result
		3.3 Simulation Analysis Recommendations
	4 Test Analysis
		4.1 Test Setup
		4.2 Test Result
		4.3 Test Analysis Recommendations
	5 Conclusions and Recommendations
	References
The Study of Re-construction to Implement SOA on T-Box Based on SOME/IP
	1 Introduction
	2 Current Situation and Study Goal
		2.1 T-Box and IoV
		2.2 SOME/IP
		2.3 Study Goal
	3 The New Solution
		3.1 T-Box Software Architecture
		3.2 Re-construction T-Box
		3.3 Deployment
		3.4 SOME/IP Verification
		3.5 Performance Analysis
	4 Conclusion
	References
Research on Boost Control Method for Turbocharged Gasoline Engine
	1 Gasoline Engine Air Control System Composition
	2 Basic Idea of Boost Control
	3 Definitions of Some Basic Signals of Boost Control
	4 Boost Closed Loop Control
		4.1 Feedforward Duty Cycle Part
		4.2 Closed Loop PID Control Duty Cycle Part
		4.3 I Part Self-adapting
	5 Strategy Verification
	6 Conclusions
	References
Research on Electromagnetic Immunity Test Method for Vehicle Auto Pilot
	1 Introduction
	2 Conventional Electromagnetic Immunity Test Method and Existing Problems
		2.1 Conventional Electromagnetic Immunity Test Method
		2.2 Problems of Electromagnetic Immunity Test in Vehicle Auto Pilot Condition
	3 Electromagnetic Immunity Test Method for Vehicle Auto Pilot Condition
		3.1 Principle About Target Simulation and ACC Condition Realization Based on Millimeter-Wave Radar Simulator
		3.2 Shielding Scheme for Target Simulator
		3.3 Disposal Scheme for Phony Targets
	4 Verification of Electromagnetic Immunity Test Scheme for Vehicle Auto Pilot
		4.1 Realization of Stable Auto Pilot Condition
		4.2 Verification of Shielding Properties of Shielding Box
		4.3 The Influence of Test Arrangement on the Distribution of Immunity Field Strength
		4.4 Electromagnetic Immunity Test for Auto Pilot of the Vehicle
	5 Conclusion
	References
EMC Design for Automobile Rear Windscreen Heater
	1 Research Background
		1.1 Rear Windscreen Introduction
		1.2 Automotive Electromagnetic Compatibility
	2 Simulation and Optimization
		2.1 Simulation
		2.2 Optimization
	3 Applications
	4 Conclusions
	References
The Task Distribution Problem Analysis of Vehicle ECU Upgrade via OTA
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Recurrence
		2.1 Problem Description
		2.2 Problem Recurrence on Real Vehicle
		2.3 Expected Results
	3 Principle of Upgrading the Vehicle ECUS via OTA
	4 Problem Analysis and Location It
		4.1 Problem Analysis
		4.2 Test Design
		4.3 Test Process
		4.4 Analysis Test Results and Identify Problem
	5 Optimized Design Scheme
		5.1 The First Design Scheme
		5.2 The Second Design Scheme
		5.3 Verification for Optimized Design Scheme
		5.4 Determine the Final Design Scheme
	6 Conclusion
	References
Author Index