Problems from Philosophy: An Introductory Text

Half Title
Title
Copyright
Contents
Preface
About the Fourth Edition
1 The Legacy of Socrates
	1.1. Why Was Socrates Condemned?
	1.2. Why Did Socrates Believe He Had to Die?
2 God and the Origin of the Universe
	2.1. Is It Reasonable to Believe in God?
	2.2. The Argument from Design
	2.3. Evolution and Intelligent Design
	2.4. The First Cause Argument
	2.5. The Idea That God Is a Necessary Being
3 The Problem of Evil
	3.1. Why Do Good People Suffer?
	3.2. God and Evil
	3.3. Free Will and Moral Character
4 Do We Survive Death?
	4.1. The Idea of an Immortal Soul
	4.2. Is There Any Credible Evidence of an Afterlife?
	4.3. Hume’s Argument against Miracles
5 The Problem of Personal Identity
	5.1. The Problem
	5.2. Personhood at a Time
	5.3. Personhood over Time
	5.4. Bodily Continuity
	5.5. Memory
6 Body and Mind
	6.1. Descartes and Elizabeth
	6.2. Materialist Theories of the Mind
	6.3. Doubts about Materialist Theories
7 Could a Machine Think?
	7.1. Brains and Computers
	7.2. An Argument That Machines Could Think
	7.3. The Turing Test
	7.4. Why the Turing Test Fails
8 The Case against Free Will
	8.1. Are People Responsible for What They Do?
	8.2. Determinism
	8.3. Psychology
	8.4. Genes and Behavior
9 The Debate over Free Will
	9.1. The Experience of Freedom
	9.2. The Scientific Challenge to Free Will
	9.3. Libertarianism
	9.4. Compatibilism
	9.5. Does It Matter if We Lack Free Will?
10 Our Knowledge of the World around Us
	10.1. Vats and Demons
	10.2. Idealism
	10.3. What Evidence for These Views Might Be Like
	10.4. Descartes’ Theological Response
	10.5. Direct vs. Indirect Realism
	10.6. Vision and the Brain
	10.7. Conclusion
11 Ethics and Objectivity
	11.1. Thrasymachus’ Challenge
	11.2. Is Ethics Just a Matter of Social Conventions?
	11.3. Ethics and Science
	11.4. The Importance of Human Interests
12 Why Should We Be Moral?
	12.1. The Ring of Gyges
	12.2. Ethics and Religion
	12.3. Kant on Rationality and Respect
	12.4. The Social Contract
	12.5. Morality and Benevolence
	12.6. Conclusion
13 The Meaning of Life
	13.1. The Problem of the Point of View
	13.2. Happiness
	13.3. Death
	13.4. Religion and the Indifferent Universe
	13.5. The Meaning of Particular Lives
Appendix: How to Evaluate Arguments
Notes on Sources
About the Authors