Private security and the investigative process

Cover......Page 1
Half Title......Page 2
Title Page......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Preface......Page 14
Acknowledgments......Page 16
Author Bio......Page 18
  1.1.1 The Contemporary State of Private Security......Page 20
  1.1.2 Classifications and Functions of the Private Security Industry......Page 22
 1.2 The Private Security Industry and Privatization......Page 23
 1.3 The Role of Private Security and the Investigative Process......Page 30
  1.3.1 Investigative Activities Commonly Encountered by Private Security......Page 33
 1.4 Conclusion and Final Thoughts......Page 36
 Notes......Page 38
 2.2 A Private versus Public Mentality......Page 42
  2.2.1 Objectivity and Investigative Practice......Page 45
  2.2.2 Logic and Investigative Practice......Page 46
  2.2.3 Perseverance, Diligence, and Investigative Practice......Page 48
 2.3 Human Relations Skills and Investigative Practice......Page 50
 2.4 Ethics and the Investigative Process......Page 52
 Notes......Page 62
 3.1 Introduction: The Interview and the Investigator......Page 66
 3.2 Initial Interview......Page 67
  3.2.1 Initial Interview: Administrative Requirements......Page 68
   3.2.1.1 Authorization and Release......Page 69
   3.2.1.2 Interview Information or Fact Sheets......Page 70
   3.2.1.3 Follow-Up Letter......Page 90
  3.2.2 Recording Interview Impressions......Page 93
 3.3 Case Evaluation and Subsequent Interviews......Page 94
 Notes......Page 98
 4.1 The Purpose of Witnesses......Page 100
  4.2.1 Missing or Unknown Witnesses......Page 101
  4.2.2 Lay Witnesses......Page 102
   4.2.3.1 Qualifications of the Expert......Page 104
   4.2.3.2 Sources of Expert Witnesses......Page 112
   4.2.3.3 Expert Service Contracts......Page 113
 4.3 Processing Witnesses......Page 115
 Notes......Page 118
 5.1 The Nature of Information and the Rules of Collection......Page 122
 5.2 Leads and Contacts for the Private Investigator......Page 125
 5.3 Public Sources of Information......Page 127
  5.3.1 Federal Agencies......Page 129
  5.3.2 State and Local Agencies......Page 130
  5.4.1 Directories, Databases, and Atlases......Page 132
   5.4.1.2 Miscellaneous Databases......Page 134
  5.4.2 Libraries......Page 135
  5.4.3 Newspapers......Page 136
  5.4.5 Professional Associations and Groups......Page 137
 5.5 The Background Investigation......Page 138
 5.6 Real Property Title Search......Page 141
 Notes......Page 144
 6.1 Investigative Technique: Initial Scene Visitation......Page 148
 6.2 Investigative Technique: Preliminary Evidence Collection Strategies......Page 152
  6.3.1 Rules for Sketching......Page 163
  6.3.2 Rules for Measuring......Page 166
 6.4 Investigative Technique: Photographic Evidence......Page 167
   6.4.2.1 Vehicular Accidents and Related Auto Claims......Page 169
   6.4.2.2 Bodily Injuries and Photographic Method......Page 173
   6.4.2.4 Burglary/Criminal Trespass/Forcible Theft and Photographic Evidence......Page 175
   6.4.2.5 Drug and Alcohol Abuse and Photographic Evidence......Page 176
   6.5.1.6 Violence in the Workplace......Page 178
   6.5.1.9 Suspect Descriptions......Page 182
 6.6 Investigative Technique: Medical Records......Page 186
 6.7 Investigative Technique: Records Involving Economic Damages......Page 192
 6.8 Investigative Technique: Preservation of Evidence......Page 194
 6.9 Conclusion......Page 201
 Notes......Page 202
 7.1 Purposes and Functions......Page 206
  7.2.1 What Are the Steps of Surveillance?......Page 208
  7.2.2 The Precise Objective of Surveillance......Page 210
  7.2.5 The Subject or Target of Surveillance......Page 211
  7.3.2 Surveillance Equipment......Page 213
   7.3.2.1 CCTV Equipment......Page 214
   7.3.2.2 Photographic/Video Equipment......Page 216
 7.4 Types of Surveillance......Page 219
   7.4.2.1 Foot Surveillance......Page 220
   7.4.2.2 Auto Surveillance......Page 223
   7.4.3.1 Foot and Auto Surveillance......Page 231
   7.4.3.3 Use of Pretext......Page 232
 7.5 Surveillance Forms and Reports......Page 235
 7.6 Conclusion......Page 239
 Notes......Page 240
  8.1.1 Report Writing Promotes Efficiency in the Investigative Process......Page 242
  8.1.3 Investigative Reports and Organizational Method......Page 243
 8.2 Investigative Report Writing: Standards for Authorship......Page 244
  8.2.1 Investigative Field Notes: A Preliminary Step......Page 245
  8.2.2 The Essential Qualities of an Investigative Report: Accurate, Brief, and Complete......Page 246
  8.2.3 Investigative Report Design......Page 248
 8.3 Standard Reports for the Private Investigator......Page 250
   8.3.1.5 Missing Person Reports......Page 251
   8.3.1.8 Inspection Reports......Page 257
   8.3.1.10 Investigative Reports......Page 258
   8.3.1.12 Property Reports......Page 267
   8.3.1.13 Basic Security Survey......Page 268
   8.3.2.1 The Offense Report......Page 272
   8.3.2.3 Defendant’s Statement......Page 273
 Notes......Page 278
 9.1 Introduction......Page 280
  9.2.1 Rationalizations and Justifications for Shoplifting and Retail Theft......Page 283
  9.2.2 Shoplifting Methods......Page 284
  9.2.3 Shoplifting Identification......Page 286
  9.2.4 Shoplifting Investigation......Page 287
 9.3 Internal Theft by Employees......Page 288
  9.3.1 Reasons and Rationales for Internal Theft......Page 289
  9.3.2 Theft Strategies......Page 290
  9.3.3 Investigating Theft......Page 291
  9.3.4 Obtaining Confessions or Statements......Page 292
 9.4 Burglary and the Private Investigator......Page 294
   9.5.1.3 Theft Tests......Page 301
 9.6 Missing or Stolen Property......Page 310
 Notes......Page 314
 10.1 Introduction......Page 318
  10.2.1 Insurance Property Claims in Fire and Arson......Page 319
  10.2.2 Workers’ Compensation......Page 328
  10.2.3 Disability Claims......Page 335
  10.2.4 Auto Liability Claims......Page 336
   10.2.4.1 Policy Declaration......Page 337
   10.2.4.2 Processing the Auto Liability Case......Page 339
 10.3 Special Problems: Auto Theft, Fraud, and Parts Pilferage......Page 347
   10.3.1.1 VIN Systems......Page 350
   10.3.1.2 Parts......Page 351
 Notes......Page 352
 11.1 Introduction......Page 356
 11.2 Background Investigation Basics......Page 358
 11.3 Background Issues......Page 361
  11.3.1 Establishing Identity......Page 363
  11.3.2 Employment History......Page 369
  11.3.3 Credit History......Page 373
  11.4.1 References......Page 384
  11.4.2 Consultative Services......Page 387
 11.5 Comprehensive Background Report......Page 388
 Notes......Page 394
 12.1 Some General Principles of Office Administration......Page 398
 12.2 Timekeeping Methods......Page 400
 12.3 The Value of Administrative Documents......Page 401
  12.3.1 Software Considerations......Page 404
  12.4.1 Setup and Maintenance......Page 407
  12.4.2 Tickler Files......Page 409
 12.5 Billing......Page 411
  12.5.1 Software Considerations......Page 423
 Notes......Page 426
Index......Page 428