Principles of synchronous digital hierarchy

 Content: Introduction  You and Me  Mr. Watson, Come Here, I Want To See You  The Technology of Telephone  Telephone Exchanges  Long Distance Communication  The Need for Multiplexing  The Techniques of Multiplexing  Multiplexing Structure of Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)  Capacities of Various Analog (FDM) Multiplexing Systems  Digital Multiplexing  References  Review Questions  Critical Thinking   Advent of Digital Technology  Analog Communication Systems  Problems in Analog Communication Systems  What is Done about These Problems?  The Digital Advantage  The Digital Signal  Processing of Digital Signal  Channel Capacity in Digital Technology  Advantages of Digital Technology  Disadvantages of Digital Technology  References  Review Questions  Critical Thinking   Analog to Digital Conversion and TDM Principles  Analog and Digital Signals  Sampling Theorem  (Analog) Pulse Modulation  Digital Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)  Other Digital Modulations  Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog Converters  Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)  References  Review Questions  Critical Thinking   Line Coding and Digital Modulation  Factors Affecting the Choice of Line Codes  Types of Line Codes  Digital Modulation Techniques  Other Means of Improving the Timing Content  References  Review Questions  Critical Thinking   Clock  What is Clock  Significance of Clock  Clock Waveform  Types of Clocks  Clock Accuracies Required in Communication Systems  References  Review Questions  Critical Thinking   Signal Impairments, Error Detection, and Correction  Types of Signal Impairments  Attenuation  Distortion  Inter Symbol Interference (ISI)  Jitter and Wander  Eye Diagram  Error Detection  Error Correction  Link Performance  Required Link Performance  References  Review Questions  Critical Thinking   Synchronization  Synchronization Process  Synchronous versus Asynchronous Systems  Synchronous Networks  Plesiochronous networks  Slips  Elastic Store and Controlled Slips  Line Synchronization vs Network Synchronization  Types of Network Synchronization  Pseudo-synchronization  Synchronization Network Engineering  References  Review Questions  Critical Thinking   Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)  PCM  Higher order Multiplexing/Hierarchical Multiplexing  E3 Multiplexing  E4 multiplexing  Higher Bit Rates  Framing Stages and Tributary Data, Overhead and Payload Bits  North American PDH Hierarchy  Types of Line Codes used in PDH  Synchronization in PDH  Asynchronous Vs Synchronous Multiplexing  Skip Multiplexers  References  Review Questions  Critical Thinking   PDH Maintenance Alarms  Types of Alarms  Loss of Signal (LOS)  Loss of Framing (LOF)  Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)  Remote Defect Indication (RDI)  Determination of Fault Location  Loss of Multi-Frame Alignment (LOMF)  Multi-Frame Alignment AIS (MFAIS)  Multi-Frame Alignment RDI (MFRDI)  Remote End Block Error (REBE)  References  Review Questions  Critical Thinking   Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) Principles  Evolution of SDH  Advantages of SDH  The Price to be paid for the Advantages  Synchronous Transport Module (STM)  Formation of STM-1  Container  Mapping  Virtual Containers  Path and Section  SDH Layers  Tributary Unit  Further Multiplexing  Multiplexing Higher order PDH Tributaries  Complete SDH Multiplexing Structure  Frame Structure of STM-1  Pointer  Formation of Higher Order STMs  Frame Structure of Higher Order STMs  References  Review Questions  Critical Thinking   Operations and Maintenance in SDH  Performance Monitoring  Fault Diagnostics and Restoration  Summary of SDH Alarms and Indications  Performance Monitoring Parameters  Roles of Other Overhead Bytes  Overhead Bytes Summary  Network Management in SDH  References  Review Questions  Critical Thinking   SDH Architecture and Protection Mechanisms  SDH Network Elements  SDH Network Topologies  Work and Protect Paths  The Advantage of a Ring  Protection Switching Schemes  Self Healing Rings  Types of Automatic Protection Switching  MS Dedicated Ring Protection  MS Shared Ring Protection  Other Important Features of Protection Switching  Sub Network Connection Protection  Comparison of Various Protection Schemes  Deployment of Protection in a Network  References  Review Questions  Critical Thinking   Data over SDH  Problems of Interfacing Data and SDH  Data as Payload  Concatenation  Contiguous Concatenation  Mapping of ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) Frames  Mapping of HDLC, PPP, Ethernet, IP, LAPS  Shortcomings of Data over SDH  References  Review Questions  Critical Thinking   Emerging Systems and Future of SDH  The Case for Ethernet Backbone  The SDH's Fight  Next Generation SDH  Resilient Packet Ring (RPR)  New Generation Network Elements  Carrier Ethernet  What is Future? SDH or Packet Networks  References  Review Questions  Critical Thinking   Transmission Media for PDH/SDH and Optical Fiber Technology  Types of media for the transmission of PDH and SDH signals  Optical Fiber Communication Technology  All Optical Networks  OFC Link Budget  References  Review Questions  Critical Thinking   Introduction to Optical Transport Networks (OTN)  Optical Transport Hierarchy (OTH) Principles  Multiplexing Structure of OTN  Multiplexing Hierarchy of OTN (OTH )  OTN Layers  OTN Domain Interfaces  Advantages of OTN  Frame Structure of OTN  Forward Error Correction (FEC)  Operations & Maintenance in OTN  Future of OTN  References  Review Questions  Critical Thinking
 Abstract:             "The book presents the current standards of digital multiplexing, called synchronous digital hierarchy, including analog multiplexing technologies. It is aimed at telecommunication professionals who want to develop an understanding of digital multiplexing and synchronous digital hierarchy in particular and the functioning of practical telecommunication systems in general. The text includes all relevant fundamentals and provides a handy reference for problem solving or defining operations and maintenance strategies. The author covers digital conversion and TDM principles, line coding and digital modulation, signal impairments, and synchronization, as well as emerging systems"