Principles of Paleoclimatology

CONTENTS......Page 8
Preface......Page 12
Models and Observations......Page 16
Paleoclimatology: The Time Dimension......Page 19
Early Thoughts and Contemporary Sources......Page 22
A Brief Outline of This Book......Page 26
Introduction: A Multidisciplinary Approach in Paleoclimatology......Page 29
Defining the Principles of Paleoclimatology......Page 32
Causes of Climate Change: The Climate System......Page 35
“Time Is of the Essence’’......Page 53
Strategies to Study Climate History......Page 67
The Development of an Annual-Resolution Deglacial Chronology......Page 72
Proxies of Climate......Page 76
The Evolution of Glacial-Age Climatology......Page 88
Biological Principles in Paleoclimatology......Page 94
A Conceptual Framework of Biology and Climate Change......Page 109
Scale in Paleoclimatology......Page 113
Real Biological Entities or Heuristic Constructs?......Page 115
Biological Concepts in Paleoclimatology......Page 118
Summary......Page 143
The Jia-Yi Monument......Page 145
Early Development of Orbital Theory......Page 150
Support for Orbital Theory from Geochronology......Page 153
The Deep-Sea Record of Orbital Climate Change......Page 154
Fundamental Tenets of Modern Orbital Theory......Page 156
Geologic and Biotic Evidence for Orbital Climate Change......Page 164
Challenges to Orbital Theory......Page 200
Modeling Orbital Climate Change......Page 204
Closing Comments......Page 207
Dryas octopetala......Page 209
Early Evidence for Rapid Climate Change......Page 212
Ice and Millennial-Scale Climate Change......Page 214
The Younger Dryas and Other Rapid Climate Events During Deglaciation......Page 217
Heinrich Events and Dansgaard-Oeschger Cycles: Millennial-Scale Climate Change During Glacial Periods......Page 236
The Eemian: Climatic Variability During the Last Interglacial Period......Page 254
Summary......Page 266
Polar Bears and Potatoes: Human History and Holocene Climate......Page 268
Classical Holocene Climate Chronology......Page 274
Early and Middle Holocene Climatic History......Page 280
Late Holocene Climate History......Page 282
Forcing Mechanisms of Centennial and Decadal Holocene Climate......Page 307
Concluding Remarks......Page 315
La Corriente del Niño......Page 319
Interannual Paleoclimatology......Page 323
Aspects of the Modern El Niño—Southern Oscillation......Page 325
Paleoclimate Records of Tropical Seasonal and Interannual Climate......Page 335
Goddard Institute of Space Studies General Circulation Model of Isotopic Response to Interannual Climate......Page 369
By Land or by Sea?......Page 372
Early Concepts of Sea-Level Change......Page 377
Geological, Geochemical, Geophysical, and Biological Evidence for Sea-Level Change......Page 379
Processes Affecting Sea-Level Change......Page 382
Cenozoic Sea Level: Tectono-eustasy Versus Glacio-eustasy......Page 396
Quaternary Sea-Level History......Page 401
Historical Sea-Level Change......Page 419
Summary......Page 423
Atmospheric Change: Human and Natural Factors......Page 424
The Ice-Core Record of Paleo-atmospheres and Climate Change......Page 427
“One Thousand Centuries”: The Camp Century Climate Record......Page 429
Climate Proxies from Ice Cores......Page 434
The Dating and Correlation of Ice Cores......Page 447
Glacial–Interglacial Climate, Carbon Dioxide, and Methane......Page 456
Millennial-Scale Atmospheric Variability and Climatic Change......Page 468
The “Flickering Switch’’ of Climate......Page 478
Mechanisms of Climate Change......Page 479
References......Page 484
A......Page 562
C......Page 563
D......Page 564
E......Page 565
G......Page 566
I......Page 567
M......Page 569
N......Page 570
P......Page 571
S......Page 572
U......Page 574
Z......Page 575