Principles of Modeling and Simulation: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Cover Page......Page 1
Title: Principles of Modeling and Simulation: A Multidisciplinary Approach......Page 3
ISBN 9780470289433......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 9
Contributors......Page 11
Part One: Principles of Modeling and Simulation: A Multidisciplinary Approach......Page 12
INTRODUCTION......Page 14
MODELS: APPROXIMATIONS OF REAL WORLD EVENTS......Page 16
A BRIEF HISTORY OF MODELING AND SIMULATION......Page 18
APPLICATION AREAS......Page 26
Transportation M & S......Page 27
Business M & S......Page 28
Medical M & S......Page 29
Social Science M & S......Page 30
USING MODELING AND SIMULATION: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES......Page 32
CONCLUSION......Page 33
REFERENCES......Page 34
INTRODUCTION......Page 36
USING SIMULATIONS TO SOLVE PROBLEMS......Page 37
Coin Tossing......Page 38
Commercial Nuclear Waste Storage in Yucca Mountain......Page 39
Validate Models and Experiments......Page 40
Training Humans......Page 41
Control Real Time Processes......Page 42
Predict Potential Outcomes......Page 43
Enhance Teaching and Education......Page 44
UNCERTAINTY AND ITS EFFECTS......Page 45
Epistemic Uncertainty (Structure Uncertainty)......Page 47
GAINING INSIGHT......Page 48
Coin Tossing......Page 49
Commercial Nuclear Waste Storage in Yucca Mountain......Page 50
A SIMULATION’S LIFETIME......Page 51
FURTHER READING......Page 53
Part Two: Theoretical Underpinnings......Page 56
INTRODUCTION......Page 58
DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION......Page 59
Representing Discrete Event Simulations in a Digital Computer......Page 61
CONTINUOUS SIMULATION......Page 69
Representing Continuous Simulations in a Digital Computer......Page 70
REFERENCE......Page 80
INTRODUCTION......Page 82
ANALYTICAL SOLUTION......Page 83
Attributes......Page 85
Output......Page 87
Example: Grocery Store......Page 88
Queuing Network......Page 89
SEQUENTIAL SIMULATION......Page 90
SIMPACK QUEUING IMPLEMENTATION......Page 92
PARALLEL SIMULATION......Page 98
CONCLUSION......Page 99
REFERENCES......Page 100
SIMULATION AND DATA DEPENDENCY......Page 102
Simulation Runs......Page 105
Statistical Treatment of Outcomes......Page 106
How Many Replications?......Page 109
Factors, Levels, and Measures......Page 110
Supporting a Real Experiment — Analyzing Differences......Page 112
Analyze Queues with Caution......Page 113
VISUAL REPRESENTATION......Page 114
Introduction and Rationale......Page 115
Visualization Pipeline......Page 116
Virtual Reality and Virtual Worlds......Page 119
Visual Representation Challenges/Current Focus......Page 120
Future Display Rich Environments......Page 121
Smart Rooms/Intelligent Spaces......Page 124
CONCLUSION......Page 127
REFERENCES......Page 128
Motivation......Page 132
Background Definitions......Page 133
Verification and Validation Definitions......Page 136
Verification and Validation as Comparisons......Page 138
PERFORMING VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION......Page 139
Verification and Validation within a Simulation Project\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0......Page 140
Verification and Validation Methods\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0......Page 141
Validation Risks, Bounds of Validity, and Model Credibility......Page 145
Verification and Validation Challenges\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0......Page 149
Verification Using Comparison Testing\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0......Page 152
Validation Using Face Validation......Page 153
Validation Using the Turing Test......Page 154
Validation Using Hypothesis Testing......Page 155
Validation Using Regression Analysis......Page 157
REFERENCES......Page 158
Part Three: Practical Domains......Page 162
INTRODUCTION......Page 164
THE MANY FACETS OF SIMULATION......Page 165
EXPERIMENTATION ASPECT OF SIMULATION......Page 167
Systemic Possibilities to Observe a Model......Page 168
Types of Uses of Simulation for Decision Support......Page 169
Experience Aspect of Simulation for Entertainment......Page 170
EXAMPLES OF USES OF SIMULATION......Page 171
Use of Simulation in Control Problems......Page 172
SOME EXCUSES TO AVOID USING SIMULATION......Page 181
FURTHER EXPLORATION......Page 182
APPENDIX A SIMULATION ASSOCIATIONS/ GROUPS/RESEARCH CENTERS......Page 183
REFERENCES......Page 189
TRANSPORTATION MODELING AND SIMULATION......Page 192
Typical Applications of M & S in Surface Transportation......Page 194
BUSINESS MODELING AND SIMULATION......Page 209
Business Applications......Page 211
MEDICAL MODELING AND SIMULATION......Page 220
A Brief History of Medical Simulations......Page 223
Ways of Classifying Medical Simulations......Page 230
Research — Current and Future......Page 233
SOCIAL SCIENCE MODELING AND SIMULATION......Page 241
What Are the Social Sciences and What Types of Modeling Do Social Scientists Do?......Page 242
Case Study: Modeling Population Movement During an Insurgency......Page 248
CONCLUSION......Page 252
REFERENCES......Page 253
INTRODUCTION......Page 258
A BRIEF … AND SELECTIVE … HISTORY OF SIMULATION......Page 259
SERIOUS GAMES......Page 260
HUMAN SIMULATOR INTERFACES......Page 261
THE ROLE OF EDUCATION IN SIMULATION......Page 264
THE FUTURE OF SIMULATION......Page 265
KEY TERMS......Page 266
Index......Page 268