Principles of composite material mechanics

Front Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 9
Preface to the First Edition......Page 15
Preface to the Second Edition......Page 19
Preface to the Third Edition......Page 21
Preface to This Edition......Page 23
Author......Page 25
 1.1 Basic Concepts......Page 27
 1.2 Constituent Materials for Composites......Page 31
  1.2.1 Reinforcement Materials including Nanoreinforcements......Page 36
  1.2.2 Matrix and Filler Materials......Page 38
 1.3 Structural Applications of Composites......Page 44
 1.4 Multifunctional Applications of Composites......Page 54
 1.5 Fabrication Processes......Page 57
 1.6 Elements of Mechanical Behavior of Composites......Page 68
 1.7 Review of Basic Mechanics of Materials Equations......Page 70
 References......Page 81
 2.1 Introduction......Page 83
 2.2 Effective Moduli in Stress–Strain Relationships......Page 84
 2.3 Symmetry in Stress–Strain Relationships......Page 88
 2.4 Orthotropic and Isotropic Engineering Constants......Page 95
 2.5 Specially Orthotropic Lamina......Page 99
 2.6 Generally Orthotropic Lamina......Page 104
 References......Page 120
 3.1 Introduction......Page 121
 3.2 Elementary Mechanics of Materials Models......Page 130
  3.2.1 Longitudinal Modulus......Page 132
  3.2.2 Transverse Modulus......Page 136
  3.2.3 Shear Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio......Page 138
 3.3 Improved Mechanics of Materials Models......Page 146
 3.4 Elasticity Models......Page 150
  3.4.1 Finite Difference Models......Page 152
  3.4.2 Finite Element Models......Page 155
  3.4.3 Closed-Form and Variational Models......Page 159
 3.5 Semiempirical Models......Page 160
 References......Page 166
 4.1 Introduction......Page 169
 4.2 Multiaxial Strength Criteria......Page 172
  4.2.1 Maximum Stress Criterion......Page 173
  4.2.2 Maximum Strain Criterion......Page 177
  4.2.3 Quadratic Interaction Criteria......Page 179
 4.3 Micromechanics Models for Lamina Strength......Page 193
  4.3.1 Longitudinal Strength......Page 194
  4.3.2 Transverse Strength......Page 202
  4.3.3 In-Plane Shear Strength......Page 206
  4.3.4 Multiaxial Strength......Page 207
 References......Page 212
 5.1 Introduction......Page 217
 5.2 Hygrothermal Degradation of Properties......Page 219
 5.3 Lamina Stress–Strain Relationships including Hygrothermal Effects......Page 234
 5.4 Micromechanics Models for Hygrothermal Properties......Page 243
 References......Page 254
 6.1 Introduction......Page 257
 6.2 Aligned Discontinuous Fibers......Page 258
  6.2.1 Stress and Strength Analysis......Page 259
  6.2.2 Modulus Analysis......Page 265
  6.3.1 Stress and Strength Analysis......Page 275
  6.3.2 Modulus Analysis......Page 277
 6.4 Randomly Oriented Discontinuous Fibers......Page 286
  6.4.1 Stress and Strength Analysis......Page 287
  6.4.2 Modulus Analysis......Page 288
 6.5 Nanofibers and Nanotubes......Page 297
  6.5.1 Stress and Strength Analysis......Page 300
  6.5.2 Modulus Analysis......Page 301
 6.6 Particulates......Page 305
  6.6.1 Stress and Strength Analysis......Page 306
  6.6.2 Modulus Analysis......Page 308
 6.7 Hybrid Multiscale Reinforcements......Page 310
 References......Page 320
 7.1 Introduction......Page 325
  7.2.1 Flexural Stresses and Deflections......Page 326
  7.2.2 Shear Stresses and Deflections......Page 331
 7.3 Theory of Laminated Plates with Coupling......Page 343
 7.4 Stiffness Characteristics of Selected Laminate Configurations......Page 350
  7.4.2 Generally Orthotropic Laminates......Page 351
  7.4.3 Symmetric Laminates......Page 352
  7.4.5 Quasi-Isotropic Laminates......Page 353
  7.5.1 Inversion of Laminate Force–Deformation Equations......Page 361
  7.5.2 Determination of Lamina Stresses and Strains......Page 363
  7.5.3 Determination of Laminate Engineering Constants......Page 364
  7.5.4 Comparison of Measured and Predicted Compliances......Page 367
  7.6.2 Hygrothermal Stresses in Laminates......Page 376
  7.6.3 Laminate Hygrothermal Expansion Coefficients......Page 379
 7.7 Interlaminar Stresses......Page 380
  7.8.1 First Ply Failure and Subsequent Ply Failures Due to In-Plane Stresses......Page 386
  7.8.2 Delamination Due to Interlaminar Stresses......Page 389
 7.9 Deflection and Buckling of Laminates......Page 409
  7.9.1 Analysis of Small Transverse Deflections......Page 410
  7.9.2 Buckling Analysis......Page 416
 7.10 Selection of Laminate Designs......Page 420
  7.11.1 Composite Sandwich Structures......Page 427
  7.11.2 Composite Grid Structures......Page 430
 References......Page 443
 8.1 Introduction......Page 447
 8.2 Linear Viscoelastic Behavior of Composites......Page 451
  8.2.1 Boltzmann Superposition Integrals for Creep and Relaxation......Page 454
  8.2.2 Differential Equations and Spring–Dashpot Models......Page 458
  8.2.3 Quasielastic Analysis......Page 468
  8.2.4 Sinusoidal Oscillations and Complex Modulus Notation......Page 471
  8.2.5 Elastic–Viscoelastic Correspondence Principle......Page 475
  8.2.6 Temperature and Aging Effects......Page 481
 8.3 Dynamic Behavior of Composites......Page 500
  8.3.1 Longitudinal Wave Propagation and Vibrations in Specially Orthotropic Composite Bars......Page 501
  8.3.2 Flexural Vibration of Composite Beams......Page 507
  8.3.3 Transverse Vibration of Laminated Plates......Page 511
  8.3.4 Analysis of Damping in Composites......Page 518
 8.4 Nanoenhancement of Viscoelastic and Dynamic Properties......Page 528
 References......Page 540
 9.2 Fracture Mechanics Analyses of Through-Thickness Cracks......Page 545
  9.2.1 Stress Intensity Factor Approach......Page 548
  9.2.2 Strain Energy Release Rate Approach......Page 552
  9.2.3 Virtual Crack Closure Technique......Page 556
 9.3 Stress Fracture Criteria for Through-Thickness Notches......Page 562
 9.4 Interlaminar Fracture......Page 569
 9.5 Nanoenhancement of Fracture Toughness......Page 581
 References......Page 588
 10.1 Introduction......Page 595
  10.2.1 Fiber Tests......Page 596
  10.2.2 Neat Resin Matrix Tests......Page 599
  10.2.3 Constituent Volume Fraction Measurement......Page 602
  10.3.1 Tensile Tests......Page 604
  10.3.2 Compressive Tests......Page 608
  10.3.3 Shear Tests......Page 611
  10.3.4 Flexure Tests......Page 620
  10.3.5 Interlaminar Fracture Tests......Page 621
  10.3.6 Fiber/Matrix Interface Tests......Page 625
  10.3.7 Open-Hole and Filled-Hole Tests......Page 627
  10.3.8 Bearing Tests......Page 628
  10.3.9 Pull-Through Tests......Page 630
  10.4.1 Creep Tests......Page 639
  10.4.2 Vibration Tests......Page 643
 10.5 Measurement of Hygrothermal Properties......Page 650
  10.5.2 Thermal Expansion Tests......Page 651
  10.5.3 Moisture Absorption Tests......Page 652
 References......Page 656
Chapter 11: Answers to Selected Problems......Page 665
Appendix A: Matrix Concepts and Operations......Page 667
Appendix B: Stress Equilibrium Equations......Page 677
Appendix C: Strain–Displacement Equations......Page 681
Back Cover......Page 683