Principles of Chemical Engineering Processes: Material and Energy Balances

Content: Preface   Acknowledgments   Authors   Systems of Units   Conversion factors   Introduction   Definitions of Chemical Engineering   Sets of Units and Unit Conversion   Conversion of Units   Temperature Measurement   Temperature Conversion   Significant Figures   Multiplication, Division, Addition, and Subtraction of Significant Numbers   Dimensional Homogeneity   Dimensionless Quantities   Process and Process Variables   Process Flow Sheet   Process Unit   Process Streams   Density, Mass, and Volume   Mass and Volumetric Flow Rates   Moles and Molecular Weight   Compositions of Streams   Mass Fraction and Mole Fraction   Concentration   Pressure Measurement   Types of Pressures   Standard Temperature and Pressure   Pressure-Sensing Devices   Process Classification and Material Balance   Material and Energy Balances   Process Units and Degree of Freedom Analysis   Process Units: Basic Functions   Divider (Splitter)   Mixer (Blender)   Dryer (Direct Heating)   Filter   Distillation Column   Multieffect Evaporator   Dehumidification   Humidifier   Leaching and Extraction   Absorber (Stripper)   Partial Condenser and Flash Separator   Flash Separator   Crystallizer   Reactors   Batch Reactor   PFRs and PBRs   CSTR and Fluidized Bed Reactor   Process Flow Diagram   Labeling a PFD   Degree of Freedom Analysis   Possible Outcomes of DFA   Independent Equations   Multiple-Unit PFD   DFA, Multiunit Process   Material Balance on Single-Unit Process   Introduction to Material Balance   Material Balance Fundamentals   Mass Balance on Steady-State Processes   Stream Specification   Basis for Calculation   Procedure for Solving Material Balance Problems   Multiple-Unit Process Calculations   Multiple-Unit Process   Degree of Freedom Analysis   Recycle, Bypass, Purge, and Makeup   Recycle   Bypass   Purge   Makeup   Material Balances on Reactive Systems   Stoichiometry Basics   Stoichiometric Equation   Stoichiometric Coefficients   Stoichiometric Ratio   Limiting Reactant   Excess Reactants   Fractional Conversion   General Material Balance   Differential Balance   Integral Balance   Formulation Approaches of Mass Balance   Extent of Reaction Method for a Single Reaction   Element or Atomic Balance Method   Molecular or Component Balance Approach   Extent of Reaction and Multiple Reactions   Molecular Species Approach for Multiple Reactions   Degree of Freedom Analysis for Reactive Processes   Chemical Equilibrium   Combustion Reactions   Theoretical and Excess Air   Multiple-Unit Systems Involving Reaction, Recycle, and Purge   Multiple-Unit Process Flowcharts   Flow Sheet for Reaction with Recycle   Reaction with Product Splitter and Recycle   Reaction with Recycle and Purge   Degree of Freedom Analysis for Reactive Multiple-Unit Processes   Reaction and Multiple-Unit Steady-State Processes   Single- and Multiphase Systems   Single-Phase Systems   Liquid and Solid Densities   Ideal Gas Equation of State   Gas Density   Real Gas Relationships   Compressibility Factor (z)   Virial Equation of State   Van der Waals Equation of State   Soave-Redlich-Kwong Equation of State   Kay's Mixing Rules   Multiphase Systems   Phase Diagram   Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Curve   Vapor Pressure Estimation   Clapeyron Equation   Clausius-Clapeyron Equation   Cox Chart   Antoine Equation   Partial Pressure   Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures   Raoult's Law for a Single Condensable Species   Gibbs' Phase Rule   Bubble Point, Dew Point, and Critical Point   Energy and Energy Balances   Energy Balance for Closed and Open Systems   Forms of Energy: The First Law of Thermodynamics   Energy Balance for a Closed System   Energy Balance for an Open System   Steam Turbine   Heaters and Coolers   Compressors   Mechanical Energy Balance   Bernoulli's Equation   Enthalpy Calculations   Enthalpy Change as a Result of Temperature   Constant Heat Capacity   Enthalpy Calculations with Phase Changes   Energy Balance for Open Systems with Multiple Inputs and Multiple Outputs   Enthalpy Change because of Mixing   Energy Balance for Bioprocesses   Psychrometric Chart   Summary   Energy Balance with Reaction   Heat of Reaction   Heats of Formation and Heat of Combustion   Extent of Reaction   Reactions in Closed Processes   Energy Balance for Reactive Processes   Heat of Reaction Method   Heat of Formation or Element Balance Method   Simultaneous Material and Energy Balances   Unknown Process Exit Temperature   Combustion Processes   Energy Balance in Bioprocesses   Energy Balance in Membrane Reactors   Summary   Simultaneous Material and Energy Balances   Material Balances   Conversion   Yield   Selectivity   Extent of Reaction (xi)   Energy Balances   Heat of Reaction Method   Heat of Formation Method   Concept of Atomic Balances   Mathematical Formulation of the Atomic Balance   Degree of Freedom Analysis for the Atomic Balance   Implementing Recycle on the Separation Process   Unsteady-State Material and Energy Balances   Unsteady-State Material Balance   Unsteady-State Energy Balance   Appendices   Index   *Every chapter includes learning objectives, homework problems, and references