Principles and Practice of Mechanical Ventilation, 2nd Edition

1.Title......Page 1
2.Half-title page......Page 2
3. Notice......Page 3
4. Half-title page......Page 4
5. Coppyright@2006......Page 5
6. McGrawHill Professional......Page 6
7. To Sareen, Damien, Kate, and Kieran......Page 7
8. This page left blank......Page 8
1. Contents......Page 9
2. Contents......Page 10
3. Contents......Page 11
4. This page left blank......Page 12
1.Contributors......Page 13
2.Contributors......Page 14
3.Contributors......Page 15
4.Contributors......Page 16
5.Contributors......Page 17
6.Contributors......Page 18
7.Contributors......Page 19
8.This page left blank......Page 20
1.Preface......Page 21
2.Preface......Page 22
1.Haft-title page......Page 23
2.This page left blank......Page 24
1.Anatomy of the Heart and Lungs......Page 25
2.Anatomy of the Heart and Lungs......Page 26
3.Chemists and Physiologists of the Air and Blood......Page 27
4.Chemists and Physiologists of the Air and Blood......Page 28
5.Chemists and Physiologists of the Air and Blood......Page 29
6.Chemists and Physiologists of the Air and Blood......Page 30
7.Chemists and Physiologists of the Air and Blood......Page 31
8.Chemists and Physiologists of the Air and Blood......Page 32
9.Explorers and Working Men of Submarines and Balloons......Page 33
10.Explorers and Working Men of Submarines and Balloons......Page 34
11.Explorers and Working Men of Submarines and Balloons......Page 35
12.Explorers and Working Men of Submarines and Balloons......Page 36
13.Explorers and Working Men of Submarines and Balloons......Page 37
14.Explorers and Working Men of Submarines and Balloons......Page 38
15. Mechanical Ventilation of Resuscitation and Anesthesia......Page 39
16. Mechanical Ventilation of Resuscitation and Anesthesia......Page 40
17. Mechanical Ventilation of Resuscitation and Anesthesia......Page 41
18. Mechanical Ventilation of Resuscitation and Anesthesia......Page 42
19. Mechanical Ventilation of Resuscitation and Anesthesia......Page 43
20. Mechanical Ventilation of Resuscitation and Anesthesia......Page 44
21. Mechanical Ventilation of Resuscitation and Anesthesia......Page 45
22. Mechanical Ventilation of Resuscitation and Anesthesia......Page 46
23. Mechanical Ventilation of Resuscitation and Anesthesia......Page 47
24. Mechanical Ventilation of Resuscitation and Anesthesia......Page 48
25. Mechanical Ventilation of Resuscitation and Anesthesia......Page 49
26. Mechanical Ventilation of Resuscitation and Anesthesia......Page 50
27. Mechanical Ventilation of Resuscitation and Anesthesia......Page 51
28. Mechanical Ventilation of Resuscitation and Anesthesia......Page 52
29. Mechanical Ventilation of Resuscitation and Anesthesia......Page 53
30. Mechanical Ventilation of Resuscitation and Anesthesia......Page 54
31.Conclusion......Page 55
32.References......Page 56
33.References......Page 57
34.References......Page 58
35.References......Page 59
36.References......Page 60
37.Control Scheme......Page 61
38.Control Scheme......Page 62
39.Control Scheme......Page 63
40.Output Waveforms......Page 64
41.Output Waveforms......Page 65
42.Output Waveforms......Page 66
43.Modes of Ventilation......Page 67
44.Modes of Ventilation......Page 68
45.Modes of Ventilation......Page 69
46.Modes of Ventilation......Page 70
47.Modes of Ventilation......Page 71
48.Ventilator Alarm Systems......Page 72
49.Ventilator Alarm Systems......Page 73
50.The Futures......Page 74
51.Summary and Conclusuion......Page 75
52.References......Page 76
53.The User Interface......Page 77
54.The User Interface......Page 78
55.Pneumatic Systems......Page 79
56.Pneumatic Systems......Page 80
57.Pneumatic Systems......Page 81
58.Pneumatic Systems......Page 82
59.Pneumatic Systems......Page 83
60.Pneumatic Systems......Page 84
61.Pneumatic Systems......Page 85
62.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 86
63.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 87
64.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 88
65.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 89
66.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 90
67.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 91
68.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 92
69.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 93
70.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 94
71.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 95
72.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 96
73.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 97
74.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 98
75.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 99
76.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 100
77.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 101
78.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 102
79.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 103
80.Modes of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 104
81.Ventilator Triggering......Page 105
82.Ventilator Triggering......Page 106
83.Exhalation Valves......Page 107
84.Exhalation Valves......Page 108
85.Exhalation Valves......Page 109
86.Establishment of PEEP_CPAP......Page 110
87.Alarms......Page 111
88.Alarms......Page 112
89.Monitoring......Page 113
90.Monitoring......Page 114
91.The Futures......Page 115
92.References......Page 116
93.References......Page 117
94.References......Page 118
95.References......Page 119
96.This page left blank......Page 120
97. Invasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 121
98. Invasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 122
99. Invasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 123
100. Invasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 124
101. Invasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 125
102. Invasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 126
103. Invasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 127
104. Invasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 128
105. Invasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 129
106. Invasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 130
107. Invasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 131
108. Invasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 132
109. Invasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 133
110.Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 134
111.Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 135
112.Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 136
113.Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 137
114.Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 138
115.Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 139
116. Common Features of All Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 140
117. Common Features of All Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 141
118. Clinical Application of Positive-Pressure Ventilators......Page 142
119. Facial Appliances for NPPVN......Page 143
120. Facial Appliances for NPPVN......Page 144
121. Non-Positive-Pressure Approaches to Ventilator support......Page 145
122. Non-Positive-Pressure Approaches to Ventilator support......Page 146
123.Non-Positive-Pressure Approaches to Ventilator support......Page 147
124. Non-Positive-Pressure Approaches to Ventilator support......Page 148
125. Non-Positive-Pressure Approaches to Ventilator support......Page 149
126. References......Page 150
127. References......Page 151
128. This page left blank......Page 152
129. Overall Assessment......Page 153
130. Overall Assessment......Page 154
131. Overall Assessment......Page 155
132. Overall Assessment......Page 156
133. Overall Assessment......Page 157
134. Overall Assessment......Page 158
135. Overall Assessment......Page 159
136. Overall Assessment......Page 160
137. Overall Assessment......Page 161
138. Overall Assessment......Page 162
139. Overall Assessment......Page 163
140. Overall Assessment......Page 164
141. Overall Assessment......Page 165
142. Overall Assessment......Page 166
143. Overall Assessment......Page 167
144. Overall Assessment......Page 168
145. Overall Assessment......Page 169
146. Overall Assessment......Page 170
147. Overall Assessment......Page 171
148. Goals of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 172
149. Goals of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 173
150. Goals of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 174
151. Indications for Mechanical Ventilation and Nosology......Page 175
152. Indications for Mechanical Ventilation and Nosology......Page 176
153. Indications for Mechanical Ventilation and Nosology......Page 177
154. Contraindications to Mechanical Ventilation and Conclusion......Page 178
155. References......Page 179
156. References......Page 180
157. References......Page 181
158. References......Page 182
159. References......Page 183
160. References......Page 184
161. References......Page 185
162. References......Page 186
163. Capabilities of Modern Ventilators......Page 187
164. Capabilities of Modern Ventilators......Page 188
165. Capabilities of Modern Ventilators......Page 189
166. The Mechanical Determinants of Patient-Ventilator Interactions......Page 190
167. The Mechanical Determinants of Patient-Ventilator Interactions......Page 191
168. Acute Lung Injury and Hypoxic Respiratory Failure......Page 192
169. Acute Lung Injury and Hypoxic Respiratory Failure......Page 193
170. Acute Lung Injury and Hypoxic Respiratory Failure......Page 194
171. Acute Lung Injury and Hypoxic Respiratory Failure......Page 195
172. Acute Lung Injury and Hypoxic Respiratory Failure......Page 196
173. Obstructive Lung Diseases......Page 197
174. Obstructive Lung Diseases......Page 198
175. Obstructive Lung Diseases......Page 199
176. Approaches to Common Potentially Adverse Patient-Ventilator Interactions......Page 200
177. Approaches to Common Potentially Adverse Patient-Ventilator Interactions......Page 201
178. References......Page 202
179. References......Page 203
180. References......Page 204
181. References......Page 205
182. This page left blank......Page 206
183. Basic Principles and Physiologic Effects......Page 207
184. Basic Principles and Physiologic Effects......Page 208
185. Basic Principles and Physiologic Effects......Page 209
186. Basic Principles and Physiologic Effects......Page 210
187. Indications and Contraindication _ Comparision with Other Modes......Page 211
188. Comparision with Other Modes......Page 212
189. Comparision with Other Modes......Page 213
190. Comparision with Other Modes......Page 214
191. Variation in Delivery among Ventilator Brands......Page 215
192. Variation in Delivery among Ventilator Brands......Page 216
193. Adjustments at the Bedside......Page 217
194. Troubleshooting _ Important Unknowns and the Future......Page 218
195. Important Unknowns and the Future......Page 219
196. Important Unknowns and the Future......Page 220
197. Summary and Conclusions _ References......Page 221
198. References......Page 222
199. References......Page 223
200. References......Page 224
201. Basic Principles......Page 225
202. Basic Principles......Page 226
203. Basic Principles and Physiologic Effects......Page 227
204. Physiologic Effects......Page 228
205. Physiologic Effects......Page 229
206. Physiologic Effects _ Rationale, Advantages, and Limitations......Page 230
207. Indications and Contraindications......Page 231
208. Indications and Contraindications......Page 232
209. Indications and Contraindications......Page 233
210. Indications and Contraindications......Page 234
211. Indications and Contraindications......Page 235
212. Indications and Contraindications......Page 236
213. Indications and Contraindications......Page 237
214. Indications and Contraindications......Page 238
215. Variation in Delivery among Ventilator Brands _ Important Unknowns......Page 239
216. The Future, Summary and Conclusions......Page 240
217. References......Page 241
218. References......Page 242
219. References......Page 243
220. References......Page 244
221. Definition and Phases......Page 245
222. Definition and Phases......Page 246
223. Definition and Phases......Page 247
224. Differences Among Mechanical Ventilators......Page 248
225. Differences Among Mechanical Ventilators......Page 249
226. Main Physiologic Effects......Page 250
227. Main Physiologic Effects......Page 251
228. Main Physiologic Effects......Page 252
229. Degree of Patient-Ventilator Synchrony during PSV......Page 253
230. Degree of Patient-Ventilator Synchrony during PSV......Page 254
231. Degree of Patient-Ventilator Synchrony during PSV......Page 255
232. Degree of Patient-Ventilator Synchrony during PSV......Page 256
233. Degree of Patient-Ventilator Synchrony during PSV......Page 257
234. Degree of Patient-Ventilator Synchrony during PSV......Page 258
235. Degree of Patient-Ventilator Synchrony during PSV......Page 259
236. Degree of Patient-Ventilator Synchrony during PSV......Page 260
237. Degree of Patient-Ventilator Synchrony during PSV......Page 261
238. Degree of Patient-Ventilator Synchrony during PSV......Page 262
239. Degree of Patient-Ventilator Synchrony during PSV......Page 263
240. Differences from Other Modes of Ventilation......Page 264
241. Differences from Other Modes of Ventilation......Page 265
242. Miscellaneous......Page 266
243. Clinical Applications......Page 267
244. Conclusions......Page 268
245. References......Page 269
246. References......Page 270
247. References......Page 271
248. References......Page 272
249. References......Page 273
250. References......Page 274
251. Types of Controlled Ventilation and......Page 275
252. Specific Characteristics of Pressure-Controlled......Page 276
253. Specific Characteristics of Pressure-Controlled......Page 277
254. Specific Characteristics of Pressure-Controlled......Page 278
255. Specific Characteristics of Pressure-Controlled......Page 279
256. Physiologic Effects of PCV......Page 280
257. Physiologic Effects of PCV......Page 281
258. Physiologic Effects of PCV......Page 282
259. Physiologic Effects of PCV......Page 283
260. Variants of PVC and Activation of Exhalation Valve......Page 284
261. Variants of PVC and Activation of Exhalation Valve......Page 285
262. Variants of PVC and Activation of Exhalation Valve......Page 286
263. Inverse-Ratio Ventilation......Page 287
264. Inverse-Ratio Ventilation......Page 288
265. Inverse-Ratio Ventilation......Page 289
266. Inverse-Ratio Ventilation......Page 290
267. Inverse-Ratio Ventilation......Page 291
268. Conclusion and References......Page 292
269. References......Page 293
270. References......Page 294
271. References......Page 295
272. References......Page 296
273. Overview of Pertinent Pathophysiology......Page 297
274. Overview of Pertinent Pathophysiology......Page 298
275. Physiologic Rationale for PEEP......Page 299
276. Physiologic Rationale for PEEP......Page 300
277. Physiologic Rationale for PEEP......Page 301
278. Physiologic Rationale for PEEP......Page 302
279. Physiologic Rationale for PEEP......Page 303
280. Physiologic Rationale for PEEP......Page 304
281. Physiologic Rationale for PEEP......Page 305
282. Physiologic Rationale for PEEP......Page 306
283. Physiologic Rationale for PEEP......Page 307
284. Physiologic Rationale for PEEP......Page 308
285. Physiologic Rationale for PEEP......Page 309
286. Physiologic Rationale for PEEP......Page 310
287. Physiologic Rationale for PEEP......Page 311
288. Physiologic Rationale for PEEP......Page 312
289. Physiologic Rationale for PEEP......Page 313
290. Physiologic Rationale for PEEP......Page 314
291. Physiologic Rationale for PEEP......Page 315
292. Intrinsic Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEPi)......Page 316
293. Intrinsic Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEPi)......Page 317
294. Intrinsic Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEPi)......Page 318
295. Intrinsic Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEPi)......Page 319
296. Intrinsic Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEPi)......Page 320
297. Intrinsic Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEPi)......Page 321
298. Use of PEEP in the Clinical Setting......Page 322
299. Use of PEEP in the Clinical Setting......Page 323
300. Use of PEEP in the Clinical Setting......Page 324
301. Use of PEEP in the Clinical Setting......Page 325
302. Use of PEEP in the Clinical Setting......Page 326
303. Use of PEEP in the Clinical Setting......Page 327
304. Use of PEEP in the Clinical Setting......Page 328
305. Use of PEEP in the Clinical Setting......Page 329
306. Miscellaneous......Page 330
307. References......Page 331
308. References......Page 332
309. References......Page 333
310. References......Page 334
311. References......Page 335
312. References......Page 336
313. References......Page 337
314. References......Page 338
315. References......Page 339
316. References......Page 340
317. References......Page 341
318. References......Page 342
319. References......Page 343
320. References......Page 344
321. References......Page 345
322. References......Page 346
323. References......Page 347
324. References......Page 348
325. References......Page 349
326. This page left blank......Page 350
327. Basic Principles......Page 351
328. Basic Principles......Page 352
329. Basic Principles......Page 353
330. Miscellaneous......Page 354
331. Miscellaneous......Page 355
332. Troubleshooting......Page 356
333. Miscellaneous and References......Page 357
334. References......Page 358
335. How can a Ventilator Deliver Pressure in......Page 359
336. How can a Ventilator Deliver Pressure in......Page 360
337. Physiologic Effects......Page 361
338. Physiologic Effects......Page 362
339. Physiologic Effects......Page 363
340. Physiologic Effects......Page 364
341. Physiologic Effects......Page 365
342. Comparision with Other Modes......Page 366
343. Comparision with Other Modes......Page 367
344. Comparision with Other Modes......Page 368
345. Comparision with Other Modes......Page 369
346. Comparision with Other Modes......Page 370
347. Comparision with Other Modes......Page 371
348. Comparision with Other Modes......Page 372
349. Comparision with Other Modes......Page 373
350. Comparision with Other Modes......Page 374
351. Comparision with Other Modes......Page 375
352. Limitations......Page 376
353. Limitations......Page 377
354. Limitations......Page 378
355. Limitations......Page 379
356. Limitations......Page 380
357. Limitations......Page 381
358. Miscellaneous......Page 382
359. Adjustment at the Bedside......Page 383
360. Adjustment at the Bedside......Page 384
361. Miscellaneous and References......Page 385
362. References......Page 386
363. References......Page 387
364. References......Page 388
365. Control of Spontaneous Respiration......Page 389
366. Control of Spontaneous Respiration......Page 390
367. Control of Spontaneous Respiration......Page 391
368. Control of Spontaneous Respiration......Page 392
369. Ventilation Control Strategies......Page 393
370. Summary and Conclusions_References......Page 394
371. References......Page 395
372. This page left blank......Page 396
373. Rationale and Basic Principles......Page 397
374. Physiologic Effects......Page 398
375. Physiologic Effects......Page 399
376. Physiologic Effects......Page 400
377. Physiologic Effects......Page 401
378. Physiologic Effects......Page 402
379. Physiologic Effects......Page 403
380. Physiologic Effects......Page 404
381. Physiologic Effects......Page 405
382. Use in Specific Clinical Settings......Page 406
383. Use in Specific Clinical Settings......Page 407
384. Use in Specific Clinical Settings......Page 408
385. Miscellaneous......Page 409
386. Adjustments at the Bedside......Page 410
387. Troubleshooting......Page 411
388. Miscellaneous and References......Page 412
389. References......Page 413
390. References......Page 414
391. References......Page 415
392. References......Page 416
393. Conventional Positive-Pressure Breath-Delivery Strategies_Modes......Page 417
394. Feedback Control of Combination Pressure- and Flow-Targeted B.......Page 418
395. Feedback Control of Combination Pressure- and Flow-Targeted B.......Page 419
396. Feedback Control of Combination Pressure- and Flow-Targeted B.......Page 420
397. Feedback Control of Combination Pressure- and Flow-Targeted B.......Page 421
398. Feedback Control of DCBB Breaths......Page 422
399. Automatic Adjustments in......Page 423
400. Conclusion and References......Page 424
401. References......Page 425
402. References......Page 426
403. Basic Principles......Page 427
404. Basic Principles......Page 428
405. Basic Principles......Page 429
406. Basic Principles......Page 430
407. Physiologic Effects......Page 431
408. Physiologic Effects......Page 432
409. Physiologic Effects......Page 433
410. Rationale, Advantages, and Limitations......Page 434
411. Indications and Contraindications......Page 435
412. Indications and Contraindications......Page 436
413. Miscellaneous......Page 437
414. Miscellaneous......Page 438
415. Miscellaneous......Page 439
416. Conclusion and References......Page 440
417. References......Page 441
418. References......Page 442
419. References......Page 443
420. This page left blank......Page 444
421. Rocking Bed and Pneumobelt......Page 445
422. Rocking Bed and Pneumobelt......Page 446
423. Rocking Bed and Pneumobelt......Page 447
424. Rocking Bed and Pneumobelt......Page 448
425. Rocking Bed and Pneumobelt......Page 449
426. Rocking Bed and Pneumobelt......Page 450
427. Rocking Bed and Pneumobelt......Page 451
428. Rocking Bed and Pneumobelt......Page 452
429. Glossopharyngeal Breathing......Page 453
430. Glossopharyngeal Breathing and References......Page 454
431. References......Page 455
432. This page left blank......Page 456
433. Noninvasive Methods of Ventilator Support......Page 457
434. Whay Use Noninvasive Ventilation and How It Works......Page 458
435. Whay Use Noninvasive Ventilation and How It Works......Page 459
436. In Acute Setting......Page 460
437. In Acute Setting......Page 461
438. In Acute Setting......Page 462
439. In Acute Setting......Page 463
440. In Acute Setting......Page 464
441. In Acute Setting......Page 465
442. For Categories of Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure......Page 466
443. For Categories of Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure......Page 467
444. For Categories of Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure......Page 468
445. Selection of Patients for NPPV in the Acute Setting......Page 469
446. NPPV for Chronic Respiratory Failure......Page 470
447. NPPV for Chronic Respiratory Failure......Page 471
448. NPPV for Chronic Respiratory Failure......Page 472
449. NPPV for Chronic Respiratory Failure......Page 473
450. NPPV for Chronic Respiratory Failure......Page 474
451. Central Hypoventilation - Obstructive Sleep Apnea......Page 475
452. Obstructive Lung Diseases......Page 476
453. Obstructive Lung Diseases......Page 477
454. Obstructive Lung Diseases......Page 478
455. Practical Application of NPPV......Page 479
456. Practical Application of NPPV......Page 480
457. Practical Application of NPPV......Page 481
458. Practical Application of NPPV......Page 482
459. Practical Application of NPPV......Page 483
460. Monitoring......Page 484
461. Miscellaneous......Page 485
462. Summary and Conclusion......Page 486
463. Summary and Conclusion _ References......Page 487
464. References......Page 488
465. References......Page 489
466. References......Page 490
467. References......Page 491
468. References......Page 492
469. References......Page 493
470. References......Page 494
471. References......Page 495
472. This page left blank......Page 496
473. Historical Overview......Page 497
474. Historical Overview......Page 498
475. Basic Principles of HFOV......Page 499
476. Basic Principles of HFOV......Page 500
477. Basic Principles of HFOV......Page 501
478. Basic Principles of HFOV......Page 502
479. Basic Principles of HFOV......Page 503
480. Physiologic Effects of HFOV......Page 504
481. Rationale, Advantages, and Limitations......Page 505
482. Rationale, Advantages, and Limitations......Page 506
483. Indications and Contraindications......Page 507
484. Adjustments at the Bedside......Page 508
485. Adjustments at the Bedside......Page 509
486. Adjustments at the Bedside......Page 510
487. Troubleshooting......Page 511
488. Miscellaneous......Page 512
489. References......Page 513
490. References......Page 514
491. References......Page 515
492. References......Page 516
493. Current Status of Extracorporeal Life Support......Page 517
494. Current Status of Extracorporeal Life Support......Page 518
495. The Perfusion Circuit......Page 519
496. Miscellaneous......Page 520
497. Miscellaneous......Page 521
498. Miscellaneous......Page 522
499. Conclusion and References......Page 523
500. References......Page 524
501. Artificial Organs for Respiratory Failure......Page 525
502. Dissociating Respiratory Functions......Page 526
503. ECCO2R and the Control of Spontaneous Breathing......Page 527
504. Rationale for ECCO2R Use......Page 528
505. Clinical Application......Page 529
506. Clinical Application......Page 530
507. Clinical Application......Page 531
508. Conclusion and References......Page 532
509. References......Page 533
510. References......Page 534
511. References......Page 535
512. This page left blank......Page 536
513. History of Liquid Ventilation......Page 537
514. Physiology of Perflucocarbon Ventilation......Page 538
515. Partial Liquid Ventilation......Page 539
516. Partial Liquid Ventilation......Page 540
517. Partial Liquid Ventilation......Page 541
518. Total Liquid ventilation......Page 542
519. Total Liquid ventilation......Page 543
520. Total Liquid ventilation......Page 544
521. Total Liquid ventilation......Page 545
522. Conclusion and References......Page 546
523. References......Page 547
524. References......Page 548
525. Basic Principles......Page 549
526. Basic Principles......Page 550
527. Physiologic Effects, Rationale, Advantages, and Limitations......Page 551
528. Indications and Contraindications......Page 552
529. Indications and Contraindications......Page 553
530. Indications and Contraindications......Page 554
531. Operational Characteristics of TGI......Page 555
532. Operational Characteristics of TGI......Page 556
533. Operational Characteristics of TGI......Page 557
534. Adjustments at the Bedside......Page 558
535. Adjustments at the Bedside......Page 559
536. Adjustments at the Bedside......Page 560
537. Monitoring and Troubleshooting......Page 561
538. Important Unknowns......Page 562
539. Summary and Conclusion......Page 563
540. References......Page 564
541. References......Page 565
542. References......Page 566
543. Mechanical Ventilation in Neonatal and Pediatric......Page 567
544. Unique Pathophysiology......Page 568
545. Unique Pathophysiology......Page 569
546. Considerations Peculiar to Neonates......Page 570
547. Considerations Peculiar to Neonates......Page 571
548. Common Clinical Conditions......Page 572
549. Common Clinical Conditions......Page 573
550. Common Clinical Conditions......Page 574
551. Common Ventilator Modes......Page 575
552. Common Ventilator Modes......Page 576
553. Common Ventilator Modes......Page 577
554. Common Ventilator Modes......Page 578
555. Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation......Page 579
556. Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation......Page 580
557. Unique Neonatal and Pediatric Machines and Inter.......Page 581
558. Unique Neonatal and Pediatric Machines and Inter.......Page 582
559. Unique Neonatal and Pediatric Machines and Inter.......Page 583
560. Unique Neonatal and Pediatric Machines and Inter.......Page 584
561. Unique Neonatal and Pediatric Machines and Inter.......Page 585
562. Unique Neonatal and Pediatric Machines and Inter.......Page 586
563. Unique Neonatal and Pediatric Machines and Inter.......Page 587
564. Complication of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 588
565. Miscellaneous......Page 589
566. Summary and Conclusion_ References......Page 590
567. References......Page 591
568. References......Page 592
569. References......Page 593
570. References......Page 594
571. References......Page 595
572. This page left blank......Page 596
573. Basic Principles and Applications of ILV......Page 597
574. Applications of ILV......Page 598
575. Applications of ILV......Page 599
576. Applications of ILV......Page 600
577. Applications of ILV......Page 601
578. Applications of ILV......Page 602
579. Applications of ILV......Page 603
580. Applications of ILV......Page 604
581. Applications of ILV......Page 605
582. Applications of ILV......Page 606
583. Applications of ILV......Page 607
584. Techniques and Problems with ILV......Page 608
585. Techniques and Problems with ILV......Page 609
586. Techniques and Problems with ILV......Page 610
587. Clonclusion and References......Page 611
588. References......Page 612
589. References......Page 613
590. References......Page 614
591. References......Page 615
592. References......Page 616
593. References......Page 617
594. This page letf blank......Page 618
595. Spectrum of Emergency-Care Skills......Page 619
596. Distinction between Airway Protection and Assisted Ventilation......Page 620
597. Distinction between Airway Protection and Assisted Ventilation......Page 621
598. Distinction between Airway Protection and Assisted Ventilation......Page 622
599. Distinction between Airway Protection and Assisted Ventilation......Page 623
600. Distinction between Airway Protection and Assisted Ventilation......Page 624
601. Adjuncts for Oxygenation, Ventilation, and Airway Control......Page 625
602. Adjuncts for Oxygenation, Ventilation, and Airway Control......Page 626
603. Adjuncts for Oxygenation, Ventilation, and Airway Control......Page 627
604. Conclusion and References......Page 628
605. References......Page 629
606. References......Page 630
607. References......Page 631
608. References......Page 632
609. Intrahospital and Interhospital Transport......Page 633
610. Miscellaneous......Page 634
611. Miscellaneous......Page 635
612. Miscellaneous......Page 636
613. Miscellaneous......Page 637
614. Miscellaneous......Page 638
615. Miscellaneous......Page 639
616. Miscellaneous......Page 640
617. Miscellaneous......Page 641
618. Miscellaneous......Page 642
619. Miscellaneous......Page 643
620. Miscellaneous......Page 644
621. Miscellaneous......Page 645
622. Summary and References......Page 646
623. References......Page 647
624. References......Page 648
625. General Obj. for Ventilator Support......Page 649
626. Defining the Problem and Patho.......Page 650
627. Pathophysiologic Features Relevant to......Page 651
628. Pathophysiologic Features Relevant to......Page 652
629. Mechanical and Consequences of VILJ......Page 653
630. Mechanical and Consequences of VILJ......Page 654
631. Mechanical and Consequences of VILJ......Page 655
632. Mechanical and Consequences of VILJ......Page 656
633. Mechanical and Consequences of VILJ......Page 657
634. Mechanical and Consequences of VILJ......Page 658
635. Mechanical and Consequences of VILJ......Page 659
636. Ventilating Obj. and Decisions in ARDS......Page 660
637. Ventilating Obj. and Decisions in ARDS......Page 661
638. Ventilating Obj. and Decisions in ARDS......Page 662
639. Setting the Ventilator_Re. for Practice......Page 663
640. Setting the Ventilator_Re. for Practice......Page 664
641. Setting the Ventilator_Re. for Practice......Page 665
642. Setting the Ventilator_Re. for Practice......Page 666
643. Future Directions and Research......Page 667
644. Summary and Conclusion, References......Page 668
645. References......Page 669
646. References......Page 670
647. References......Page 671
648. References......Page 672
649. Life-Threatening Asthma......Page 673
650. Ventilator Management......Page 674
651. Ventilator Management......Page 675
652. Ventilator Management......Page 676
653. Ventilator Management......Page 677
654. Ventilator Management......Page 678
655. Nonventilator Management......Page 679
656. Nonventilator Management......Page 680
657. Death and Complications......Page 681
658. Death and Complications......Page 682
659. Death and Complications......Page 683
660. Posthospitalization Prognosis and References......Page 684
661. References......Page 685
662. References......Page 686
663. Pathophysiology......Page 687
664. Pathophysiology......Page 688
665. Ventilator Assistance......Page 689
666. Ventilator Assistance......Page 690
667. Ventilator Assistance......Page 691
668. Ventilator Assistance......Page 692
669. Ventilator Assistance......Page 693
670. Ventilator Assistance......Page 694
671. Ventilator Assistance......Page 695
672. Conclusion and References......Page 696
673. References......Page 697
674. References......Page 698
675. References......Page 699
676. References......Page 700
677. References......Page 701
678. References......Page 702
679. Overview of Pertinent Pathophysiology......Page 703
680. Ventilator Targets in Neuromuscular Disease......Page 704
681. Experience with Traditional Modes of Ventilation......Page 705
682. Experience with Traditional Modes of Ventilation......Page 706
683. Role of Newer Modes of Ventilation......Page 707
684. Role for PEEP, Selecting Ventilator Setting......Page 708
685. Miscellaneous......Page 709
686. Long-Term Survival and Quality of Life......Page 710
687. Summary, conclusion, and References......Page 711
688. References......Page 712
689. References......Page 713
690. This page left blank......Page 714
691. Rationale......Page 715
692. Organization of Chronic Ventilator Facilities......Page 716
693. Organization of Chronic Ventilator Facilities......Page 717
694. Criteria for Admission......Page 718
695. Outcome and Effectiveness......Page 719
696. Outcome and Effectiveness......Page 720
697. Outcome and Effectiveness......Page 721
698. Outcome and Effectiveness......Page 722
699. ProblemsUnique to Chronic Facilities......Page 723
700. ProblemsUnique to Chronic Facilities......Page 724
701. Conclusion and References......Page 725
702. References......Page 726
703. References......Page 727
704. References......Page 728
705. Evidence and Rationale for......Page 729
706. Evidence and Rationale for......Page 730
707. Evidence and Rationale for......Page 731
708. Where Should Noninvasive Ventilation be Performed......Page 732
709. Where Should Noninvasive Ventilation be Performed......Page 733
710. Selection of Patients for NIV in a Genaral Ward......Page 734
711. Implications for Staffing and Training......Page 735
712. Conclusion and References......Page 736
713. References......Page 737
714. References......Page 738
2.This page left blank......Page 0
715. Physiology......Page 739
716. Effects on Feedback Systems......Page 740
717. Effects on Feedback Systems......Page 741
718. Effects on Feedback Systems......Page 742
719. Effects on Feedback Systems......Page 743
720. Effects on Feedback Systems......Page 744
721. Effects on Feedback Systems......Page 745
722. Effects on Feedback Systems......Page 746
723. Interactive Effects of......Page 747
724. Interactive Effects of......Page 748
725. Interactive Effects of......Page 749
726. Conclusion and References......Page 750
727. References......Page 751
728. References......Page 752
729. Relevance......Page 753
730. Physiology of Heart-Lung Interactions......Page 754
731. Physiology of Heart-Lung Interactions......Page 755
732. Physiology of Heart-Lung Interactions......Page 756
733. Physiology of Heart-Lung Interactions......Page 757
734. Physiology of Heart-Lung Interactions......Page 758
735. Physiology of Heart-Lung Interactions......Page 759
736. Physiology of Heart-Lung Interactions......Page 760
737. Physiology of Heart-Lung Interactions......Page 761
738. Spontaneous Breathing versus.......Page 762
739. Spontaneous Breathing versus.......Page 763
740. Detection and Monitoring......Page 764
741. Clinical Scenarios......Page 765
742. Clinical Scenarios......Page 766
743. Clinical Scenarios......Page 767
744. Clinical Scenarios......Page 768
745. Clinical Scenarios......Page 769
746. Clinical Scenarios......Page 770
747. Clinical Scenarios......Page 771
748. Clinical Scenarios......Page 772
749. Steps to Limit or Overcome Detrimental.......Page 773
750. Miscellaneous......Page 774
751. References......Page 775
752. References......Page 776
753. References......Page 777
754. References......Page 778
755. References......Page 779
756. References......Page 780
757. References......Page 781
758. This page left blank......Page 782
759. Physiologic Concepts......Page 783
760. Physiologic Concepts......Page 784
761. Physiologic Concepts......Page 785
762. Nature of Gas Exchange in Disease States......Page 786
763. Nature of Gas Exchange in Disease States......Page 787
764. Nature of Gas Exchange in Disease States......Page 788
765. Nature of Gas Exchange in Disease States......Page 789
766. Nature of Gas Exchange in Disease States......Page 790
767. Nature of Gas Exchange in Disease States......Page 791
768. Nature of Gas Exchange in Disease States......Page 792
769. Nature of Gas Exchange in Disease States......Page 793
770. Nature of Gas Exchange in Disease States......Page 794
771. Nature of Gas Exchange in Disease States......Page 795
772. Nature of Gas Exchange in Disease States......Page 796
773. Nature of Gas Exchange in Disease States......Page 797
774. Effect of Special Modes of Ventilation......Page 798
775. References......Page 799
776. References......Page 800
777. References......Page 801
778. This page left blank......Page 802
779. Airway Anatomy......Page 803
780. Airway Anatomy......Page 804
781. Airway Management without Intubation......Page 805
782. Tracheal Intubation _ Indication and Physiology......Page 806
783. Tracheal Intubation _ Indication and Physiology......Page 807
784. Tracheal Intubation _ Preparation and Standard Tech.......Page 808
785. Tracheal Intubation _ Preparation and Standard Tech.......Page 809
786. Tracheal Intubation _ Preparation and Standard Tech.......Page 810
787. The Difficult Airway......Page 811
788. The Difficult Airway......Page 812
789. The Difficult Airway......Page 813
790. The Difficult Airway......Page 814
791. The Difficult Airway......Page 815
792. Verification of Intratracheal Tube.......Page 816
793. Verification of Intratracheal Tube.......Page 817
794. Pharmacologic Adjuncts to Tracheal Intubation......Page 818
795. References......Page 819
796. References......Page 820
797. References......Page 821
798. References......Page 822
799. References......Page 823
800. This page left blank......Page 824
801. Frequency of Complications......Page 825
802. Complications during Endotracheal Tube Placement......Page 826
803. Complications during Endotracheal Tube Placement......Page 827
804. Complications during Endotracheal Tube Placement......Page 828
805. Complications While the Endotracheal Tube Is in Place......Page 829
806. Complications While the Endotracheal Tube Is in Place......Page 830
807. Complications While the Endotracheal Tube Is in Place......Page 831
808. Complications While the Endotracheal Tube Is in Place......Page 832
809. Complications While the Endotracheal Tube Is in Place......Page 833
810. Complications While the Endotracheal Tube Is in Place......Page 834
811. Complications While the Endotracheal Tube Is in Place......Page 835
812. Complications While the Endotracheal Tube Is in Place......Page 836
813. Complications While the Endotracheal Tube Is in Place......Page 837
814. Complications During and After Extubation......Page 838
815. Complications During and After Extubation......Page 839
816. Complications During and After Extubation......Page 840
817. Complications During and After Extubation......Page 841
818. Pathogenesis of Complications......Page 842
819. Pathogenesis of Complications......Page 843
820. Pathogenesis of Complications......Page 844
821. Pathogenesis of Complications......Page 845
822. Pathogenesis of Complications......Page 846
823. Pathogenesis of Complications......Page 847
824. Pathogenesis of Complications......Page 848
825. Important Prospective Studies of omplications......Page 849
826. Important Prospective Studies of omplications......Page 850
827. Recognition and Management of Complications......Page 851
828. Recognition and Management of Complications......Page 852
829. Recognition and Management of Complications......Page 853
830. Prevention of Complications......Page 854
831. Prevention of Complications......Page 855
832. Prevention of Complications......Page 856
833. Prevention of Complications......Page 857
834. Prevention of Complications......Page 858
835. The Future......Page 859
836. Summary, Conclusion, and References......Page 860
837. References......Page 861
838. References......Page 862
839. References......Page 863
840. References......Page 864
841. References......Page 865
842. References......Page 866
843. References......Page 867
844. References......Page 868
845. References......Page 869
846. This page left blank......Page 870
847. Techniques of Surgical Airway Access......Page 871
848. Techniques of Surgical Airway Access......Page 872
849. Techniques of Surgical Airway Access......Page 873
850. Techniques of Surgical Airway Access......Page 874
851. Surgical Techniques for Tracheal Cannulation......Page 875
852. Surgical Techniques for Tracheal Cannulation......Page 876
853. Complications of Tracheostomy......Page 877
854. Complications of Tracheostomy......Page 878
855. Complications of Tracheostomy......Page 879
856. Complications of Tracheostomy......Page 880
857. Timing of Tracheostomy during Mechanical Ventilation......Page 881
858. Timing of Tracheostomy during Mechanical Ventilation......Page 882
859. Special Patient Care Considerations......Page 883
860. Special Patient Care Considerations......Page 884
861. Special Patient Care Considerations......Page 885
862. Special Patient Care Considerations......Page 886
863. Special Patient Care Considerations......Page 887
864. Special Patient Care Considerations......Page 888
865. Patient Prognosis after Tracheostomy......Page 889
866. References......Page 890
867. References......Page 891
868. References......Page 892
869. References......Page 893
870. References......Page 894
871. References......Page 895
872. References......Page 896
873. References......Page 897
874. References......Page 898
875. References......Page 899
876. This page left blank......Page 900
877. Gastrointestinal Complications......Page 901
878. Gastrointestinal Complications......Page 902
879. Gastrointestinal Complications......Page 903
880. Gastrointestinal Complications......Page 904
881. Gastrointestinal Complications......Page 905
882. Nutritional Complications......Page 906
883. Renal Complications......Page 907
884. Renal Complications......Page 908
885. Endocrinologic Complications......Page 909
886. hematologic Complications......Page 910
887. Infectious Complications......Page 911
888. Cardiovascular Complications......Page 912
889. Cardiovascular Complications......Page 913
890. Cardiovascular Complications......Page 914
891. Venous Thromboemlolism......Page 915
892. Venous Thromboemlolism......Page 916
893. Conclusion and References......Page 917
894. References......Page 918
895. References......Page 919
896. References......Page 920
897. References......Page 921
898. References......Page 922
899. References......Page 923
900. References......Page 924
901. References......Page 925
902. References......Page 926
903. Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury......Page 927
904. Acute Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury......Page 928
905. Acute Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury......Page 929
906. Acute Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury......Page 930
907. Acute Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury......Page 931
908. Acute Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury......Page 932
909. Acute Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury......Page 933
910. Subacute VILI during Protracted High-Volume Ventilation......Page 934
911. Subacute VILI during Protracted High-Volume Ventilation......Page 935
912. Subacute VILI during Protracted High-Volume Ventilation......Page 936
913. Determinants of Ventilator-Induced Injury......Page 937
914. Determinants of Ventilator-Induced Injury......Page 938
915. Determinants of Ventilator-Induced Injury......Page 939
916. Effects of Ventilation on Previously Injured Lungs......Page 940
917. Effects of Ventilation on Previously Injured Lungs......Page 941
918. Effects of Ventilation on Previously Injured Lungs......Page 942
919. Effects of Ventilation on Previously Injured Lungs......Page 943
920. Protection from Ventilation-Induced Lung Injury......Page 944
921. Protection from Ventilation-Induced Lung Injury......Page 945
922. Clinical Relevance......Page 946
923. Clinical Relevance......Page 947
924. Conclusion and References......Page 948
925. References......Page 949
926. References......Page 950
927. References......Page 951
928. References......Page 952
929. References......Page 953
930. References......Page 954
931. Evidence Supporting......Page 955
932. Mechanisms of Dysfunction......Page 956
933. Mechanisms of Dysfunction......Page 957
934. Mechanisms of Dysfunction......Page 958
935. Mechanisms of Dysfunction......Page 959
936. Mechanisms of Dysfunction......Page 960
937. Role of Ventilator Mode and Ventilator Settings......Page 961
938. Preventive Countermeasures......Page 962
939. Important Unknowns......Page 963
940. Conclusion and References......Page 964
941. References......Page 965
942. References......Page 966
943. Pathophysiology......Page 967
944. Pathophysiology......Page 968
945. Pathophysiology......Page 969
946. Pathophysiology......Page 970
947. Pathophysiology......Page 971
948. Clinical Manifestation......Page 972
949. Clinical Manifestation......Page 973
950. Clinical Manifestation......Page 974
951. Clinical Manifestation......Page 975
952. Clinical Manifestation......Page 976
953. Clinical Manifestation......Page 977
954. Clinical Manifestation......Page 978
955. Management......Page 979
956. Management......Page 980
957. Management......Page 981
958. Management......Page 982
959. Prevention......Page 983
960. Conclusion and References......Page 984
961. References......Page 985
962. References......Page 986
963. References......Page 987
964. This page left blank......Page 988
965. Respiratory Effects of Oxygen Breathing......Page 989
966. Respiratory Effects of Oxygen Breathing......Page 990
967. Respiratory Effects of Oxygen Breathing......Page 991
968. Respiratory Effects of Oxygen Breathing......Page 992
969. Respiratory Effects of Oxygen Breathing......Page 993
970. Respiratory Effects of Oxygen Breathing......Page 994
971. Respiratory Effects of Oxygen Breathing......Page 995
972. Respiratory Effects of Oxygen Breathing......Page 996
973. Respiratory Effects of Oxygen Breathing......Page 997
974. Nonrespiratory Effects of Oxygen Breathing......Page 998
975. Nonrespiratory Effects of Oxygen Breathing......Page 999
976. Mechanisms of Oxygen Toxicity......Page 1000
977. Mechanisms of Oxygen Toxicity......Page 1001
978. Mechanisms of Oxygen Toxicity......Page 1002
979. Diagnosis and Management of Pul. Oxygen Toxicity......Page 1003
980. Diagnosis and Management of Pul. Oxygen Toxicity......Page 1004
981. Diagnosis and Management of Pul. Oxygen Toxicity......Page 1005
982. Conclusion......Page 1006
983. References......Page 1007
984. References......Page 1008
985. References......Page 1009
986. References......Page 1010
987. References......Page 1011
988. References......Page 1012
989. References......Page 1013
990. This page left blank......Page 1014
991. Epidemiology......Page 1015
992. Epidemiology......Page 1016
993. Epidemiology......Page 1017
994. Epidemiology......Page 1018
995. Epidemiology......Page 1019
996. Epidemiology......Page 1020
997. Epidemiology......Page 1021
998. Diagnosis......Page 1022
999. Diagnosis......Page 1023
1000. Diagnosis......Page 1024
1001. Diagnosis......Page 1025
1002. Diagnosis......Page 1026
1003. Diagnosis......Page 1027
1004. Diagnosis......Page 1028
1005. Treatment......Page 1029
1006. Treatment......Page 1030
1007. Treatment......Page 1031
1008. Prevention......Page 1032
1009. Prevention......Page 1033
1010. Conclusion......Page 1034
1011. References......Page 1035
1012. References......Page 1036
1013. References......Page 1037
1014. References......Page 1038
1015. References......Page 1039
1016. References......Page 1040
1017. References......Page 1041
1018. References......Page 1042
1019. Physiology of Paranasal Sinuses......Page 1043
1020. Pathogenesis and Predisposing Factors......Page 1044
1021. Pathogenesis and Predisposing Factors......Page 1045
1022. Diagnosis......Page 1046
1023. Diagnosis......Page 1047
1024. Diagnosis......Page 1048
1025. Diagnosis......Page 1049
1026. Treatment......Page 1050
1027. Treatment......Page 1051
1028. Important Unknowns......Page 1052
1029. Conclusion and References......Page 1053
1030. References......Page 1054
1031. References......Page 1055
1032. References......Page 1056
1033. Imaging of The Mech. Ventilated Patient......Page 1057
1034. Tubes and Catheters......Page 1058
1035. Tubes and Catheters......Page 1059
1036. Tubes and Catheters......Page 1060
1037. Tubes and Catheters......Page 1061
1038. Tubes and Catheters......Page 1062
1039. Tubes and Catheters......Page 1063
1040. Tubes and Catheters......Page 1064
1041. Mechanical Ventilation......Page 1065
1042. Mechanical Ventilation......Page 1066
1043. Mechanical Ventilation......Page 1067
1044. Mechanical Ventilation......Page 1068
1045. Mechanical Ventilation......Page 1069
1046. Mechanical Ventilation......Page 1070
1047. References......Page 1071
1048. References......Page 1072
1049. References......Page 1073
1050. This page left blank......Page 1074
1051. What is Monitoring......Page 1075
1052. What is Monitoring......Page 1076
1053. What is Monitoring......Page 1077
1054. What is Monitoring......Page 1078
1055. What is Monitoring......Page 1079
1056. What is Monitoring......Page 1080
1057. What is Monitoring......Page 1081
1058. Other Barriers to Accurate Data Gathering......Page 1082
1059. Other Barriers to Accurate Data Gathering......Page 1083
1060. Clinical Applications......Page 1084
1061. Clinical Applications......Page 1085
1062. Clinical Applications......Page 1086
1063. Clinical Applications......Page 1087
1064. Clinical Applications......Page 1088
1065. Clinical Applications......Page 1089
1066. Effect of Monitoring on Patient Outcome......Page 1090
1067. Effect of Monitoring on Patient Outcome......Page 1091
1068. Effect of Monitoring on Patient Outcome......Page 1092
1069. Effect of Monitoring on Patient Outcome......Page 1093
1070. Effect of Monitoring on Patient Outcome......Page 1094
1071. Effect of Monitoring on Patient Outcome......Page 1095
1072. Effect of Monitoring on Patient Outcome......Page 1096
1073. Effect of Monitoring on Patient Outcome......Page 1097
1074. Effect of Monitoring on Patient Outcome......Page 1098
1075. Conclusion......Page 1099
1076. References......Page 1100
1077. References......Page 1101
1078. References......Page 1102
1079. References......Page 1103
1080. References......Page 1104
1081. Effects of Frone Positioning on Gas Exchanges......Page 1105
1082. Effects of Frone Positioning on Gas Exchanges......Page 1106
1083. Effects of Frone Positioning on Gas Exchanges......Page 1107
1084. Effects of Frone Positioning on Gas Exchanges......Page 1108
1085. Effects of Frone Positioning on Gas Exchanges......Page 1109
1086. Clinical Applications......Page 1110
1087. Clinical Applications......Page 1111
1088. Clinical Applications......Page 1112
1089. References......Page 1113
1090. References......Page 1114
1091. References......Page 1115
1092. References......Page 1116
1093. Pain Control......Page 1117
1094. Pain Control......Page 1118
1095. Pain Control......Page 1119
1096. Pain Control......Page 1120
1097. Pain Control......Page 1121
1098. Pain Control......Page 1122
1099. Pain Control......Page 1123
1100. Pain Control......Page 1124
1101. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents......Page 1125
1102. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents......Page 1126
1103. Neuromuscular Blocking Agents......Page 1127
1104. Important Unknowns and the Future......Page 1128
1105. Important Unknowns and the Future......Page 1129
1106. Conclusion and References......Page 1130
1107. References......Page 1131
1108. References......Page 1132
1109. Physical Principles of Humidification......Page 1133
1110. Pathophysiology of the Upper Airway......Page 1134
1111. Methods of Humidification......Page 1135
1112. Application, Effectiveness and Outcome......Page 1136
1113. Effectiveness and Outcome......Page 1137
1114. Effectiveness and Outcome......Page 1138
1115. Practical Steps......Page 1139
1116. Practical Steps......Page 1140
1117. Conclusion and References......Page 1141
1118. References......Page 1142
1119. References......Page 1143
1120. References......Page 1144
1121. Initial Assessment......Page 1145
1122. Specific Problems......Page 1146
1123. Specific Problems......Page 1147
1124. Specific Problems......Page 1148
1125. Specific Problems......Page 1149
1126. Specific Problems......Page 1150
1127. Specific Problems......Page 1151
1128. Specific Problems......Page 1152
1129. Specific Problems......Page 1153
1130. Specific Problems......Page 1154
1131. Specific Problems......Page 1155
1132. Specific Problems......Page 1156
1133. Summary and References......Page 1157
1134. References......Page 1158
1135. References......Page 1159
1136. References......Page 1160
1137. Magnitude of the Problem......Page 1161
1138. Form of Psychological Disturbance......Page 1162
1139. Form of Psychological Disturbance......Page 1163
1140. Form of Psychological Disturbance......Page 1164
1141. Etiologies and Risk Factors......Page 1165
1142. Etiologies and Risk Factors......Page 1166
1143. Assessment of the Patient......Page 1167
1144. Treatment of Psychological Disturbances in......Page 1168
1145. Treatment of Psychological Disturbances in......Page 1169
1146. Treatment of Psychological Disturbances in......Page 1170
1147. Treatment of Psychological Disturbances in......Page 1171
1148. Conclusion and References......Page 1172
1149. References......Page 1173
1150. References......Page 1174
1151. References......Page 1175
1152. This page left blank......Page 1176
1153. Occurrence and Sequelae of......Page 1177
1154. Primer on Dyspnea......Page 1178
1155. Primer on Dyspnea......Page 1179
1156. Primer on Dyspnea......Page 1180
1157. Approach to the Ventilated Patient......Page 1181
1158. Approach to the Ventilated Patient......Page 1182
1159. Important Unknowns and the Future......Page 1183
1160. Conclusion and References......Page 1184
1161. References......Page 1185
1162. References......Page 1186
1163. Importance and Fundamentals of Speech......Page 1187
1164. Speech with IPPV......Page 1188
1165. Speech with IPPV......Page 1189
1166. Speech with IPPV......Page 1190
1167. Speech with IPPV......Page 1191
1168. Speech with Other Forms of Ventilator Support......Page 1192
1169. Miscellaneous......Page 1193
1170. Conclusion and References......Page 1194
1171. References......Page 1195
1172. This page left blank......Page 1196
1173. Sleep in the ICU......Page 1197
1174. Sleep in the ICU......Page 1198
1175. Causes of Sleep Disruption in ICU......Page 1199
1176. Causes of Sleep Disruption in ICU......Page 1200
1177. Causes of Sleep Disruption in ICU......Page 1201
1178. Potential Consequences of Sleep Disruption......Page 1202
1179. Potential Consequences of Sleep Disruption......Page 1203
1180. Strategies to Improve Sleep in ICU......Page 1204
1181. Conclusion and References......Page 1205
1182. References......Page 1206
1183. References......Page 1207
1184. This page left blank......Page 1208
1185. Seven Stages of Weaning......Page 1209
1186. Pathophysiology of Weaning Failure......Page 1210
1187. Pathophysiology of Weaning Failure......Page 1211
1188. Pathophysiology of Weaning Failure......Page 1212
1189. Pathophysiology of Weaning Failure......Page 1213
1190. Pathophysiology of Weaning Failure......Page 1214
1191. Pathophysiology of Weaning Failure......Page 1215
1192. Pathophysiology of Weaning Failure......Page 1216
1193. Pathophysiology of Weaning Failure......Page 1217
1194. Predicting Outcome......Page 1218
1195. Predicting Outcome......Page 1219
1196. Predicting Outcome......Page 1220
1197. Predicting Outcome......Page 1221
1198. Predicting Outcome......Page 1222
1199. Predicting Outcome......Page 1223
1200. Predicting Outcome......Page 1224
1201. Prediction of Weaning Outcome......Page 1225
1202. Prediction of Weaning Outcome......Page 1226
1203. Prediction of Weaning Outcome......Page 1227
1204. Prediction of Weaning Outcome......Page 1228
1205. Prediction of Weaning Outcome......Page 1229
1206. Prediction of Weaning Outcome......Page 1230
1207. Prediction of Weaning Outcome......Page 1231
1208. Prediction of Weaning Outcome......Page 1232
1209. Techniques of Weaning......Page 1233
1210. Techniques of Weaning......Page 1234
1211. Techniques of Weaning......Page 1235
1212. Techniques of Weaning......Page 1236
1213. Techniques of Weaning......Page 1237
1214. Techniques of Weaning......Page 1238
1215. Techniques of Weaning......Page 1239
1216. Conclusion......Page 1240
1217. References......Page 1241
1218. References......Page 1242
1219. References......Page 1243
1220. References......Page 1244
1221. Postextubation Distress......Page 1245
1222. Postextubation Distress......Page 1246
1223. Causes and Pathophysiology of......Page 1247
1224. Consequences of Postextubation Distress......Page 1248
1225. Predictors of Postextubation Distress......Page 1249
1226. Predictors of Postextubation Distress......Page 1250
1227. Predictors of Postextubation Distress......Page 1251
1228. Predictors of Postextubation Distress......Page 1252
1229. Predictors of Postextubation Distress......Page 1253
1230. Predictors of Postextubation Distress......Page 1254
1231.Miscellaneous......Page 1255
1232. Noninvasive Ventilation in Weaning and Extubation......Page 1256
1233. Noninvasive Ventilation in Weaning and Extubation......Page 1257
1234. Unplanned Extubation......Page 1258
1235. Conclusion and References......Page 1259
1236. References......Page 1260
1237. References......Page 1261
1238. This page left blank......Page 1262
1239. Surfactant Composition and Metabolism......Page 1263
1240. Surfactant Composition and Metabolism......Page 1264
1241. Miscellaneous......Page 1265
1242. Miscellaneous......Page 1266
1243. Exogenous Surfactant Administration in the Injured Lung......Page 1267
1244. Exogenous Surfactant Administration in the Injured Lung......Page 1268
1245. Exogenous Surfactant Administration in the Injured Lung......Page 1269
1246. Future Research Directions......Page 1270
1247. Conclusion and References......Page 1271
1248. References......Page 1272
1249. References......Page 1273
1250. This page left blank......Page 1274
1251. Nitric Oxide Physiology in......Page 1275
1252. Nitric Oxide Physiology in......Page 1276
1253. Indication and Outcome of......Page 1277
1254. Indication and Outcome of......Page 1278
1255. Indication and Outcome of......Page 1279
1256.Miscellaneous......Page 1280
1257. Side Effects and Toxicology......Page 1281
1258. Safe Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy......Page 1282
1259.Conclusion......Page 1283
1260. References......Page 1284
1261. References......Page 1285
1262. This page left blank......Page 1286
1263. Rationale......Page 1287
1264. Equipment......Page 1288
1265. Equipment......Page 1289
1266. Equipment......Page 1290
1267. Patient Selection......Page 1291
1268. Patient Selection......Page 1292
1269. Implementation......Page 1293
1270. Complications and Side Effects......Page 1294
1271.Monitoring......Page 1295
1272. Conclusion......Page 1296
1273. References......Page 1297
1274. References......Page 1298
1275. References......Page 1299
1276. This page left blank......Page 1300
1277. Rationale and Pharmacologic Agents......Page 1301
1278. Pharmacologic Agents......Page 1302
1279. Pharmacologic Agents......Page 1303
1280. Pharmacologic Agents......Page 1304
1281. Pharmacologic Agents......Page 1305
1282. Pharmacologic Agents......Page 1306
1283. Pharmacologic Agents......Page 1307
1284. Pharmacologic Agents......Page 1308
1285. Pharmacologic Agents......Page 1309
1286. Factors Influencing Aeosol Delivery during......Page 1310
1287. Factors Influencing Aeosol Delivery during......Page 1311
1288. Factors Influencing Aeosol Delivery during......Page 1312
1289. Factors Influencing Aeosol Delivery during......Page 1313
1290. Factors Influencing Aeosol Delivery during......Page 1314
1291. Factors Influencing Aeosol Delivery during......Page 1315
1292. Factors Influencing Aeosol Delivery during......Page 1316
1293. Factors Influencing Aeosol Delivery during......Page 1317
1294. Factors Influencing Aeosol Delivery during......Page 1318
1295. Clinical Use of Bronchodilators......Page 1319
1296. Clinical Use of Bronchodilators......Page 1320
1297. Aerosol Therapy in Mechanically Ventilated Neonates......Page 1321
1298. Techniques of Aerosol Administration......Page 1322
1299. Drug Toxicity......Page 1323
1300. Miscellaneous......Page 1324
1301. Conclusion and References......Page 1325
1302. References......Page 1326
1303. References......Page 1327
1304. References......Page 1328
1305. References......Page 1329
1306. References......Page 1330
1307. References......Page 1331
1308. References......Page 1332
1309. References......Page 1333
1310. References......Page 1334
1311. Rationale......Page 1335
1312. Factors Influencing Lung Deposition......Page 1336
1313. Factors Influencing Lung Deposition......Page 1337
1314. Factors Influencing Lung Deposition......Page 1338
1315. Factors Influencing Lung Deposition......Page 1339
1316. Assessment of the Microbiologic Response......Page 1340
1317. Important Unknowns......Page 1341
1318. Important Unknowns......Page 1342
1319. Conclusion and References......Page 1343
1320. References......Page 1344
1321. References......Page 1345
1322. This page left blank......Page 1346
1323. Physiologic Considerations......Page 1347
1324. Physiologic Considerations......Page 1348
1325. Fluid Targets......Page 1349
1326. Fluid Targets......Page 1350
1327. Fluid Targets......Page 1351
1328. Monitoring Fluid Therapy......Page 1352
1329. Monitoring Fluid Therapy......Page 1353
1330. Conclusion and References......Page 1354
1331. References......Page 1355
1332. References......Page 1356
1333. Fundamental Issues of Ethics......Page 1357
1334. Fundamental Issues of Ethics......Page 1358
1335. Fundamental Issues of Ethics......Page 1359
1336. Miscellaneous......Page 1360
1337. Legal Decisions to Date......Page 1361
1338. The Decision-Making Procedure......Page 1362
1339. Miscellaneous......Page 1363
1340. The ICU Heakth Care Team......Page 1364
1341. Conclusion......Page 1365
1342. References......Page 1366
1343. References......Page 1367
1344. References......Page 1368
1345. References......Page 1369
1346. References......Page 1370
1347. Routine Practice......Page 1371
1348. Routine Practice......Page 1372
1349. Interpreting Five Low-Tidal_volume Trials in......Page 1373
1350. Interpreting Five Low-Tidal_volume Trials in......Page 1374
1351. Interpreting Five Low-Tidal_volume Trials in......Page 1375
1352. Does Understanding of Current Practice_......Page 1376
1353. Conclusion and References......Page 1377
1354. References......Page 1378
1355. Basic Principles of Health Economics......Page 1379
1356. Basic Principles of Health Economics......Page 1380
1357. Basic Principles of Health Economics......Page 1381
1358. Costs of Mechanical Ventilation in the ICU......Page 1382
1359. Costs of Mechanical Ventilation in the ICU......Page 1383
1360. Control Costs of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 1384
1361. Control Costs of Mechanical Ventilation......Page 1385
1362. Costs of Mechanical ventilation in Post-ICU Settings......Page 1386
1363. Summary and Conclusion......Page 1387
1364. References......Page 1388
1365. The Economic Argument for Proper Ventilator Evaluation......Page 1389
1366. Why Replace Ventilators......Page 1390
1367. Why Replace Ventilators......Page 1391
1368. Why Replace Ventilators......Page 1392
1369. Interaction with Hospital Administration......Page 1393
1370. Conclusion and References......Page 1394
1371. Long-Term Outcaomes After mechanical Ventilation......Page 1395
1372. Long-Term Survival......Page 1396
1373. Long-Term Follow-Up of Physiology and Pathology......Page 1397
1374. Long-Term Follow-Up of Physiology and Pathology......Page 1398
1375. Patient-Centered Outcomes after Mechanical Ventilation......Page 1399
1376. Patient-Centered Outcomes after Mechanical Ventilation......Page 1400
1377. Patient-Centered Outcomes after Mechanical Ventilation......Page 1401
1378. Patient-Centered Outcomes after Mechanical Ventilation......Page 1402
1379. Long-Term Outcomes of Informal Caregivers......Page 1403
1380. References......Page 1404
1381. References......Page 1405
1382. This page left blank......Page 1406
1383. A......Page 1407
1384. A......Page 1408
1385. A......Page 1409
1386. A......Page 1410
1387. A......Page 1411
1388. A......Page 1412
1389. A-B......Page 1413
1390. B......Page 1414
1391. B......Page 1415
1392. B-C......Page 1416
1393. C......Page 1417
1394. C......Page 1418
1395. C......Page 1419
1396. C-D......Page 1420
1397. D......Page 1421
1398. D......Page 1422
1399. D-E......Page 1423
1400. E......Page 1424
1401. E-F......Page 1425
1402. F......Page 1426
1403. F-G......Page 1427
1404. G-H......Page 1428
1405. H......Page 1429
1406. H......Page 1430
1407. H......Page 1431
1408. I......Page 1432
1409. I......Page 1433
1410. I-J-K-L......Page 1434
1411. L......Page 1435
1412. L-M......Page 1436
1413. M......Page 1437
1414. M......Page 1438
1415. M-N......Page 1439
1416. N......Page 1440
1417. N......Page 1441
1418. N-O......Page 1442
1419. O-P......Page 1443
1420. P......Page 1444
1421. P......Page 1445
1422. P......Page 1446
1423. P......Page 1447
1424. P......Page 1448
1425. P......Page 1449
1426. P......Page 1450
1427. P-Q-R......Page 1451
1428. R......Page 1452
1429. R......Page 1453
1430. R-S......Page 1454
1431. S......Page 1455
1432. S......Page 1456
1433. S......Page 1457
1434. S-T......Page 1458
1435. T......Page 1459
1436. T......Page 1460
1437. T......Page 1461
1438. T-U-V......Page 1462
1439. V......Page 1463
1440. V......Page 1464
1441. V-W......Page 1465
1442. W-X-Z......Page 1466