Prevention of Reflective Cracking in Pavements (Report)

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors—RILEM Technical Committee 157 PRC......Page 12
Preface......Page 13
1.2.1 RIGID STRUCTURES......Page 15
1.3.1.2 Shrinkage......Page 16
1.3.2 SHAPES AND PATTERNS OF CRACKS......Page 17
1.3.2.4 Width......Page 18
1.4.1.1 Cracks caused by the subgrade soil......Page 19
1.4.2.1 Rigid structures......Page 20
 1.4.2.2 Semirigid structures......Page 21
1.5.1 LOADS OR STRESSES CAUSING MOVEMENTS OF THE CRACK EDGES......Page 22
1.5.1.1 Traffic......Page 23
7.5.2.1 Type of crack edge movements......Page 24
1.5.2.3 Amplitude of movements......Page 25
1.5.3.1 The crack reflection process......Page 26
1.5.3.2 Crack path......Page 27
1.5.4.2 Stressing of the subgrade......Page 28
1.5.4.4 Deterioration of the wearing course along the crack......Page 29
1.7 References......Page 30
2.1 Introduction......Page 31
2.2.1 TRAFFIC INDUCED CRACKING......Page 32
2.2.2 ENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCED CRACKING......Page 34
2.2.3 COMBINED EFFECT OF TRAFFIC AND ENVIRONMENT ON THE CRACKING PROCESS......Page 35
2.3 Factors influencing crack propagation......Page 38
2.4 Guidelines for pavement evaluation......Page 40
2.4.1.2 Visual Condition Surveys......Page 42
2.4.2.1 Deflection measurements to assess damage due to traffic......Page 43
2.4.2.2 Deflection Measurements to Assess the Load Transfer at Cracks......Page 44
2.4.2.3 Crack Activity Measurements—Slab rocking displacements......Page 47
2.4.2.4 Crack Width Measurements in relation to Temperature......Page 48
2.6 References......Page 51
3.1 Introduction......Page 54
3.2.1 LIMITATION OF CRACK FORMATION DURING THE INITIAL CONSTRUCTION PHASE......Page 55
3.2.2.1 Notches in the upper part of the layer......Page 56
3.2.3 METHODS USED BEFORE OVERLAYING TO ELIMINATE THE ORIGIN OF EXISTING CRACKS......Page 57
3.3.1 DEFINITIONS AND COMPONENTS OF AN OVERLAY SYSTEM......Page 58
3.3.1.2 The interlayer system......Page 59
3.3.1.3 The bituminous overlay......Page 66
3.4 Conclusions......Page 67
3.5 References......Page 68
4.1.1 NONWOVENS, GRIDS, STEEL REINFORCING NETTINGS......Page 69
4.1.1.3 Ultimate strength and strain at ultimate strength......Page 70
4.1.1.4 Product stiffness and stiffness modulus......Page 72
4.1.1.5 Temperature susceptibility......Page 73
4.2.1 ADHERENCE TESTS ON OVERLAY SYSTEMS......Page 74
4.2.1.2 Pullout tests......Page 75
4.2.1.3 Shear tests......Page 76
4.2.2 LABORATORY TESTS FOR OVERLAY SYSTEMS UNDER REPEATED THERMAL AND TRAFFIC LOADING......Page 79
4.2.2.1 Simulation of traffic loads......Page 80
4.2.2.2 Simulation of thermal loading......Page 81
4.2.2.3 Traffic loading combined with thermal shrinkage of the base layer [ref. 23, 24]......Page 84
4.3 Conclusions......Page 85
4.4 References......Page 87
5.2.1 ENVIRONMENTAL AND LOADING CONDITIONS......Page 89
5.2.2 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BASIC COMPONENTS OF AN OVERLAY SYSTEM......Page 90
5.2.2.1 Bituminous overlay materials.......Page 91
5.2.2.3 Interlayer products......Page 92
5.3.1 THE FATIGUE LAW......Page 93
5.4 Design Models......Page 94
5.4.1 MULTILAYER LINEAR ELASTIC MODEL (A in table 5.2)......Page 95
5.4.3 MODELS BASED ON EQUILIBRIUM EQUATIONS (C in table 5.2)......Page 96
5.4.5.1 Some results for modelling of crack initiation......Page 97
5.4.5.2 Results of modelling of crack propagation......Page 98
5.4.6 THE BLUNT CRACK BAND THEORY (F in table 5.2)......Page 101
5.5.2 THE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS......Page 102
5.7 References......Page 103
6.1.1.2 Regulating......Page 106
6.1.1.4 Cement concrete pavements [ref. 1]......Page 107
6.7.2.7 Objectives......Page 108
6.1.3 SAND ASPHALT UNDER BITUMINOUS WEARING COURSES......Page 109
6.1.4.3 Nonwovens......Page 111
6.1.4.4 Bituminous wearing courses (figure 6.5)......Page 112
6.1.5 MEMBRANE WITH THREADS SPRAYED IN PLACE UNDER BITUMINOUS WEARING COURSES AND SURFACE DRESSINGS......Page 113
6.1.6.2 Laying the grid......Page 115
6.1.6.3 Laying the bituminous overlay......Page 116
6.7.7.7 Laying the netting......Page 117
6.1.8.1 Preparing the underlying surface......Page 118
6.1.8.3 Laying the bituminous overlay......Page 119
6.2 Wearing courses alone......Page 120
6.2.2 THICK DRESSINGS (figure 6.11)......Page 121
6.3.1 PRINCIPLE......Page 122
6.3.2 EXAMPLE OF PRECRACKING TECHNIQUES......Page 123
6.4 References......Page 124
7.1 Nature and origin of cracks (chapter 1)......Page 126
7.2.7.2 Visual Condition Surveys to identify the nature of the cracks......Page 127
7.2.2.4 Crack activity measurements—Slab rocking displacements......Page 128
7.3.1 PREVENTION METHODS AND TREATMENT TECHNIQUES FOR CRACKS BEFORE OVERLAYING......Page 129
7.4 Characterization of overlay systems (chapter 4)......Page 130
7.4.2 CHARACTERIZATION OF OVERLAY SYSTEMS......Page 131
7.5 Modelling of overlay systems (chapter 5)......Page 132
7.7 Remaining issues......Page 133
Index......Page 135