Preventing Industrial Accidents: Reappraising H. W. Heinrich – More than Triangles and Dominoes

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Preface
Acknowledgements
List of Abbreviations
1 Introductions
	1.1 Why this Book?
	1.2 Isn’t the Past, the Past?
	1.3 Citing Heinrich in Safety Literature
	1.4 Limitations
		1.4.1 The Lenses of Today (1)
		1.4.2 Conflicting Aims
		1.4.3 Was Heinrich Right?
		1.4.4 Developments and Critique
		1.4.5 Standing in Heinrich’s Shoes
		1.4.6 The Lenses of Today (2)
		1.4.7 100,000 Words
	1.5 About References
2 A Biography
	2.1 Early Years
	2.2 The Travelers
	2.3 First Steps in Safety
	2.4 Emerging Foundations
	2.5 The Book
	2.6 Dominos and Cause Code
	2.7 Meanwhile at Travelers
	2.8 Teaching, Speaking, and Another Book
	2.9 War!
	2.10 Post-War Work
	2.11 Heinrich, The Person
	2.12 Retirement
3 Heinrich’s Work
	3.1 General Overview
		3.1.1 Phases
		3.1.2 Developments and Changes
		3.1.3 Industrial Accident Prevention – an Overview
	3.2 Main Themes
		3.2.1 Scientific Approach
		3.2.2 The Economics of Safety
		3.2.3 Causation
		3.2.4 The Human Element
		3.2.5 The Role of Management
		3.2.6 The Triangle and Reacting on Weak Signals
		3.2.7 Axioms of Safety
		3.2.8 Professionalisation of Safety
		3.2.9 Practical Accident Prevention
		3.2.10 Safety Management
		3.2.11 Social Engagement
		3.2.12 What About Risk?
	3.3 Influences
		3.3.1 “Best of” or Original Work?
		3.3.2 The Travelers
		3.3.3 Bibliography
		3.3.4 Associates and Acquaintances
		3.3.5 Others
	3.4 Success and Longevity
	3.5 Heinrich’s Influence and Developments
		3.5.1 Lateiner
		3.5.2 Bird and Loss Control
		3.5.3 Petersen and the Fifth Edition
		3.5.4 Behaviour Based Safety
		3.5.5 Manuele
		3.5.6 Serious Injuries and Fatalities
		3.5.7 “New View” Safety
		3.5.8 Heinrich or not Heinrich?
	3.6 Conclusion
4 A Scientific Approach
	4.1 Introduction
		4.1.1 Critique
	4.2 Why Did “Scientific” Make Sense?
		4.2.1 Understanding the Term
		4.2.2 Structured Method, Facts, and Principles
		4.2.3 Practicable and Useful
		4.2.4 Marketing
		4.2.5 Scientific Management and Heinrich
	4.3 What About the Missing Data?
5 The Economics of Safety
	5.1 Early Safety and Economics
	5.2 Efficiency
	5.3 Hidden Costs
		5.3.1 The Idea
		5.3.2 Research and the 1:4 Ratio
		5.3.3 The Study’s Importance
		5.3.4 After Heinrich
	5.4 Heinrich and the Great Depression
	5.5 A Continuous Theme
6 Accidents are Caused
	6.1 The Importance of Causes
		6.1.1 Early 1900S Causation
		6.1.2 Real Causes?
		6.1.3 Why Did “Real Cause” Make Sense?
	6.2 Dualism of Causation
		6.2.1 Origin of Accidents
		6.2.2 Developments
		6.2.3 Cause Code
		6.2.4 Critique
		6.2.5 Dismantling the “Grand Statement”
		6.2.6 Another Reflection
	6.3 Accidents as Processes
		6.3.1 The Dominos
		6.3.2 A Powerful Metaphor
		6.3.3 Critique 1: Linearity
		6.3.4 Why Did Linearity and Simplicity Make Sense?
		6.3.5 Critique 2: Direct Causes
		6.3.6 Why Did Focus on Direct Causes Make Sense?
		6.3.7 Evolution
	6.4 A More Complete Accident Model
		6.4.1 Multiple Causes
		6.4.2 Reasons and Subcauses
		6.4.3 Underlying Causes
		6.4.4 Enhancing Heinrich’s Accident Model
	6.5 Final Reflections
7 The Human Element
	7.1 Humans as an Element to Control
		7.1.1 Why Did this Make Sense?
		7.1.2 Dealing with Humans
		7.1.3 Causes and Actions
	7.2 Various Concepts
		7.2.1 Psychology
		7.2.2 Accident Proneness
		7.2.3 Ancestry
		7.2.4 Human Error?
		7.2.5 Carelessness
		7.2.6 Shame and Blame
	7.3 Humans as an Asset
		7.3.1 The Reward of Merit
8 The Role of Management
	8.1 Foremen and Supervisors
		8.1.1 Contemporary Thinking
		8.1.2 Heinrich and Foremen
		8.1.3 Professionalisation
		8.1.4 Supervisors and Investigation
		8.1.5 Post-Heinrich
	8.2 Top Management
		8.2.1 Planning
	8.3 Responsibility
	8.4 Integrating Safety
	8.5 Safety Management
		8.5.1 Early Developments
		8.5.2 Axioms
		8.5.3 Structured Management Tools
		8.5.4 Another Metaphor
		8.5.5 Misconceptions
9 The Triangle
	9.1 Origin and Development
		9.1.1 Conception
		9.1.2 A Ziggurat
		9.1.3 Researching and Building
		9.1.4 Earlier Ideas
		9.1.5 1931
		9.1.6 The Triangle
		9.1.7 Variations
		9.1.8 1950
		9.1.9 The Triangle Expanded
		9.1.10 Post-Heinrich Triangles
	9.2 Studying the Triangle
		9.2.1 Ways to Read the Triangle
		9.2.2 Underlying Principles
	9.3 Interpretations and Critique
		9.3.1 Behaviour
		9.3.2 Fixed Ratios
		9.3.3 Proportional Reduction
		9.3.4 Prediction
		9.3.5 Metric
		9.3.6 Zero
	9.4 Some Reflections
		9.4.1 Opportunity
		9.4.2 Challenges and Limitations
		9.4.3 Conclusion
10 Other Main Themes
	10.1 Professionalisation of Safety
	10.2 Social Engagement
	10.3 Practical Remedy
11 Heinrich in the 21st Century
	11.1 Famous Last Words
Appendix 1: The Heinrich Bibliography
References
Index