Preserving Digital Information

3540378863......Page 1
Detailed Table of Contents......Page 15
Preface......Page 6
Trustworthy Digital Objects......Page 7
Structure of the Book......Page 8
How to Read This Book......Page 10
Part I: Why We Need Long-term Digital Preservation......Page 22
1. State of the Art......Page 27
1.1 What is Digital Information Preservation?......Page 28
1.2 What Would a Preservation Solution Provide?......Page 31
1.3 Why Do Digital Data Seem to Present Difficulties?......Page 32
1.4 Characteristics of Preservation Solutions......Page 34
1.5 Technical Objectives and Scope Limitations......Page 39
1.6 Summary......Page 41
2.1 The Information Revolution......Page 43
2.2 Economic and Technical Trends......Page 45
2.3 Democratization of Information......Page 50
2.4 Social Issues......Page 51
2.5 Documents as Social Instruments......Page 53
2.6 Why So Slow Toward Practical Preservation?......Page 63
2.7 Selection Criteria: What is Worth Saving?......Page 65
2.8 Summary......Page 70
Part II: Information Object Structure......Page 73
3. Introduction to Knowledge Theory......Page 76
3.1 Conceptual Objects: Values and Patterns......Page 77
3.2 Ostensive Definition and Names......Page 79
3.3 Objective and Subjective: Not a Technological Issue......Page 82
3.4 Facts and Values: How Can We Distinguish?......Page 84
3.5 Representation Theory: Signs and Sentence Meanings......Page 87
3.6 Documents and Libraries: Collections, Sets, and Classes......Page 89
3.7 Syntax, Semantics, and Rules......Page 91
3.8 Summary......Page 93
4.1 Intentional and Accidental Information......Page 96
4.2 Distinctions Sought and Avoided......Page 98
4.3 Information and Knowledge: Tacit and Human Aspects......Page 101
4.4 Trusted and Trustworthy......Page 104
4.5 Relationships and Ontologies......Page 105
4.6 What Copyright Protection Teaches......Page 107
4.7 Summary......Page 109
5. Trust and Authenticity......Page 112
5.1 What Can We Trust?......Page 113
5.2 What Do We Mean by 'Authentic'?......Page 114
5.3 Authenticity for Different Information Genres......Page 117
5.4 How Can We Preserve Dynamic Resources?......Page 122
5.5 Summary......Page 124
6. Describing Information Structure......Page 127
6.1 Testable Archived Information......Page 128
6.2 Syntax Specification with Formal Languages......Page 129
6.3 Monographs and Collections......Page 133
6.4 Digital Object Schema......Page 135
6.5 From Ontology to Architecture and Design......Page 142
6.6 Metadata......Page 147
6.7 Summary......Page 151
Part III: Distributed Content Management......Page 153
7.1 Character Sets and Fonts......Page 156
7.2 File Formats......Page 159
7.3 Perpetually Unique Resource Identifiers......Page 169
7.4 Summary......Page 177
8.1 Security......Page 179
8.2 Recordkeeping Standards......Page 189
8.3 Archival Best Practices......Page 191
8.4 Repository Audit and Certification......Page 192
8.5 Summary......Page 194
9. Everyday Digital Content Management......Page 196
9.1 Software Layering......Page 198
9.2 A Model of Storage Stack Development......Page 200
9.3 Repository Architecture......Page 201
9.4 Archival Collection Types......Page 211
9.5 Summary......Page 217
Part IV: Digital Object Architecture for the Long Term......Page 220
10. Durable Bit-Strings and Catalogs......Page 223
10.1 Media Longevity......Page 224
10.2 Replication to Protect Bit-Strings......Page 227
10.3 Repository Catalog ↔ Collection Consistency......Page 228
10.4 Collection Ingestion and Sharing......Page 229
10.5 Summary......Page 231
11. Durable Evidence......Page 233
11.1 Structure of Each Trustworthy Digital Object......Page 234
11.2 Infrastructure for Trustworthy Digital Objects......Page 241
11.3 Other Ways to Make Documents Trustworthy......Page 246
11.4 Summary......Page 247
12. Durable Representation......Page 249
12.1 Representation Alternatives......Page 250
12.2 Design of a Durable Encoding Environment......Page 256
12.3 Summary......Page 262
13. Assessment and the Future......Page 264
13.1 Preservation Based on Trustworthy Digital Objects......Page 265
13.2 Open Challenges of Metadata Creation......Page 269
13.3 Applied Knowledge Theory......Page 272
13.4 Assessment of the TDO Methodology......Page 274
13.5 Summary and Conclusion......Page 276
A: Acronyms and Glossary......Page 278
B: Uniform Resource Identifier Syntax......Page 293
C: Repository Requirements......Page 295
D: Assessment with Independent Criteria......Page 297
E.1 Memory Model......Page 302
E.2 Machine Status Registers......Page 303
E.3 Machine Instruction Codes......Page 304
E.4 Organization of an Archived Module......Page 309
E:5 Application Example......Page 310
F: Software Modules Wanted......Page 313
Bibliography......Page 315