Prelude to Programming Concepts and Design

Cover......Page 1
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Brief Contents......Page 5
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 17
0 Introduction ......Page 25
  What Is a Computer?......Page 26
  Personal Computers......Page 28
  The Internet......Page 31
 0.2 Computer Basics......Page 32
  Internal Memory......Page 33
  Mass Storage Devices......Page 34
  Output Devices......Page 36
  Types of Software......Page 38
  Types of Programming and Scripting Languages......Page 39
 Chapter Review and Exercises......Page 43
1 An Introduction to Programming......Page 49
 1.1 What Is Programming?......Page 50
  A General Problem-Solving Strategy......Page 51
  Creating Computer Programs: The Program Development Cycle......Page 52
  A Simple Program......Page 53
  Data Input......Page 56
  Program Variables and Constants......Page 58
  Processing Data......Page 61
  Data Output......Page 65
  Character and String Data......Page 69
 1.5 Integer Data......Page 72
  Operations on Integers......Page 73
 1.6 Floating Point Data......Page 74
  The Declare Statement Revisited......Page 75
  Types of Floating Point Numbers......Page 77
  Introducing RAPTOR......Page 82
 Chapter Review and Exercises......Page 84
2 Data Representation......Page 91
  Bases and Exponents......Page 92
  The Binary System......Page 94
  Hexadecimal Digits......Page 97
  Using Hexadecimal Notation ......Page 101
  Unsigned Integer Format......Page 104
  Sign-and-Magnitude Format......Page 105
  One’s Complement Format......Page 108
  Two’s Complement Format......Page 110
  Floating Point Numbers: the Fractional Part......Page 115
  Converting a Decimal Fraction to Binary......Page 117
  Putting the Two Parts Together......Page 120
  Scientific Notation......Page 121
  Exponential Notation......Page 122
  Base 10 Normalization......Page 123
  The Excess_127 System......Page 124
  Single- and Double-Precision Floating Point Numbers......Page 125
  Hexadecimal Representation......Page 128
 Chapter Review and Exercises......Page 130
3 Developing a Program......Page 137
 In the Everyday World: Planning to Program? You Need a Plan......Page 138
  The Process of Developing a Program......Page 139
  Additional Steps in the Cycle......Page 142
  Modular Programming......Page 146
  Coding and Documenting a Program......Page 155
  Testing a Program......Page 157
  Types of Errors......Page 158
 3.4 Commercial Programs: Testing and Documenting......Page 159
  External Documentation......Page 160
  Flowcharts......Page 162
  Control Structures......Page 167
  Programming Style......Page 170
 3.6 Running With RAPTOR (Optional)......Page 171
  Getting Started......Page 172
  Introduction to RAPTOR Symbols......Page 173
  Variables......Page 175
  RAPTOR Symbols......Page 179
  Run It: The Sign-In Program......Page 188
  Creating the Program in RAPTOR: Input......Page 189
  Creating the Program in RAPTOR: Processing......Page 192
  Creating the Program in RAPTOR: Output......Page 193
  Check It Out......Page 194
 Chapter Review and Exercises......Page 196
4 Selection Structures: Making Decisions......Page 203
 In the Everyday World: Decisions, Decisions, Decisions . . .......Page 204
  Types of Selection Structures......Page 205
  Single- and Dual-Alternative Structures......Page 206
  Relational Operators......Page 212
  Logical Operators......Page 215
  Hierarchy of Operations......Page 220
  Representing Characters With Numbers......Page 223
  Using If Structures......Page 227
  Using Case-Like Statements......Page 230
  Defensive Programming......Page 234
  Menu-Driven Programs......Page 238
  Problem Statement......Page 240
  Program Design......Page 241
  Program Test......Page 244
  The Selection Symbol......Page 245
  The Call Symbol and Subcharts......Page 248
  An Example......Page 250
  Developing the Program......Page 256
  Check It Out......Page 266
 Chapter Review and Exercises......Page 267
5 Repetition Structures: Looping......Page 279
 In the Everyday World: Doing the Same Thing Over and Over and Knowing When to Stop......Page 280
  Loop Basics......Page 281
  Relational and Logical Operators......Page 285
  Pre-Test and Post-Test Loops......Page 287
  Counter-Controlled Loops......Page 292
 5.3 The For Loop......Page 298
  The For Statement......Page 299
  The For Loop in Action......Page 302
  The Careful Bean Counter......Page 305
  Using Sentinel-Controlled Loops to Input Data......Page 310
  Data Validation......Page 314
  The Floor() and Ceiling() Functions......Page 318
  Computing Sums and Averages......Page 321
  Problem Analysis......Page 326
  Program Design......Page 328
  Program Test......Page 331
  Repetition: The Loop Symbol......Page 332
  A Short Example......Page 334
  Run It: Encryption: The Secret Message Encoder......Page 336
  Developing the Program......Page 337
  Developing the Encrypting Algorithms......Page 338
  Check It Out......Page 344
 Chapter Review and Exercises......Page 345
6 More about Loops and Decisions......Page 353
 6.1 Combining Loops with If-Then Statements......Page 354
  Exiting a Loop......Page 355
 6.2 Combining Loops and Decisions in Longer Programs......Page 365
  The Length_Of() Function......Page 370
  The Print Statement and the New Line Indicator......Page 371
  The Random() Function......Page 375
  Not Really Random: The Pseudorandom Number......Page 380
  Nested For Loops......Page 381
  Nesting Other Kinds of Loops......Page 386
  A Mental Workout: Mind Games......Page 391
 6.5 Focus on Problem Solving: A Guessing Game......Page 398
  Problem Analysis......Page 399
  Program Design......Page 400
  Program Test......Page 405
  Two Short Examples......Page 407
  Developing the Program......Page 411
  Check the length of the password (4–8 characters)......Page 413
  Check the first character of the password (cannot be a number, 0–9)......Page 415
  Check that the password contains one of the special characters (#, *, or $)......Page 416
 Chapter Review and Exercises......Page 423
7 Arrays: Lists and Tables......Page 431
 In the Everyday World: Organize It with Lists and Tables......Page 432
  Array Basics......Page 433
 7.2 Parallel Arrays......Page 440
  Some Advantages of Using Arrays......Page 444
  A Word About Databases......Page 447
  Concatenation Revisited......Page 448
  String Length versus Array Size......Page 450
 7.4 Two-Dimensional Arrays......Page 453
  An Introduction to Two-Dimensional Arrays......Page 454
  Using Two-Dimensional Arrays......Page 455
  Problem Statement......Page 460
  Problem Analysis......Page 461
  Program Design......Page 462
  Program Test......Page 468
 7.6 Running With RAPTOR (Optional)......Page 469
  A Short Example......Page 472
  Developing and Creating the Program......Page 474
  Check It Out......Page 480
 Chapter Review and Exercises......Page 483
8 Searching and Sorting Arrays......Page 489
  The Serial Search Technique......Page 490
  Basic Steps in a Serial Search......Page 491
  Pseudocode for a Serial Search......Page 492
 8.2 The Bubble Sort Technique......Page 495
  Swapping Values......Page 496
  Using the Bubble Sort Algorithm......Page 498
 8.3 The Binary Search......Page 504
  Use the Binary Search for Large Arrays......Page 505
  General Selection Sort Technique......Page 510
  Applying the Selection Sort Technique......Page 512
  Problem Analysis......Page 515
  Program Design......Page 517
  Program Code......Page 523
  The Serial Search......Page 524
  The Bubble Sort......Page 527
  The Binary Search......Page 529
  The Selection Sort......Page 531
  Developing and Creating the Program......Page 533
  Check It Out......Page 539
  Revise and Improve......Page 540
  Check It Out Again......Page 541
 Chapter Review and Exercises......Page 543
9 Program Modules, Subprograms, and Functions......Page 551
 In the Everyday World: Living and Programming in ManageablePieces: Subprograms......Page 552
  A Big Sale: The Sale Price Computation Program......Page 553
  Data Flow Diagrams......Page 554
  An Introduction to Arguments and Parameters......Page 555
  Value and Reference Parameters......Page 561
  How to Tell the Difference between Value and ReferenceParameters......Page 563
  Two Helpful Functions: ToUpper() and ToLower()......Page 566
  The Scope of a Variable......Page 569
  Built-in Functions......Page 574
  User-Defined Functions......Page 577
  The Recursive Process......Page 582
  Problem Analysis......Page 587
  Program Design......Page 588
  Program Test......Page 594
  RAPTOR Built-In Functions (Procedures)......Page 597
  Creating a New Procedure......Page 600
  Problem Statement......Page 605
  Developing and Creating the Program......Page 606
  Check It Out......Page 614
 Chapter Review and Exercises......Page 616
10 Sequential Data Files......Page 623
 In the Everyday World: Keeping it On File......Page 624
  File Basics......Page 625
  Creating and Reading Sequential Files......Page 627
 10.2 Modifying a Sequential File......Page 632
  Deleting Records......Page 633
  Modifying Records......Page 636
  Inserting Records......Page 637
  Using Arrays in File Maintenance......Page 639
 10.3 Merging Sequential Files......Page 641
  Problem Statement......Page 644
  Problem Analysis......Page 645
  Program Design......Page 646
 10.5 Focus on Problem Solving: The Invoice Preparation Program......Page 649
  Problem Analysis......Page 650
  Program Design......Page 651
  Program Test......Page 655
  Creating Data Files with the Redirect_Output() Procedure......Page 656
  Displaying Data Files with the Redirect_Input() Procedure......Page 657
  The Limitations......Page 660
  Run It: Professor Weisheit’s Semester Grades......Page 661
  Check It Out......Page 669
 Chapter Review and Exercises......Page 671
11 Object-Oriented and Event-Driven Programming......Page 679
  Classes......Page 680
  Defining Classes and Creating Objects......Page 683
  Creating Objects......Page 685
  The Constructor......Page 687
  Benefits of Object-Oriented Languages......Page 688
  Inheritance and Polymorphism......Page 689
 11.3 Object-Oriented Program Design and Modeling......Page 699
  Unified Modeling Language (UML)......Page 702
  Window Components......Page 705
  Creating GUI Objects in a Program......Page 706
  Handling Events......Page 708
  Event-Driven Program Design......Page 711
  Problem Analysis......Page 713
  Program Design......Page 714
  Program Code......Page 719
  Program Test......Page 720
  Creating a Class......Page 721
  Inheritance and Polymorphism......Page 728
  Developing and Creating the Program......Page 729
  The main program......Page 733
  Using the Classes......Page 737
  Check It Out......Page 740
 Chapter Review and Exercises......Page 742
 A.1 Achieving Success in the Course......Page 751
 A.2 Using the Textbook......Page 752
 A.3 Doing the Homework......Page 753
 A.4 Writing Programs......Page 754
 A.5 Preparing for Tests......Page 755
 A.6 More about Preparing for Tests......Page 756
 A.7 Taking Tests......Page 757
 A.8 Overcoming Test Anxiety......Page 758
Appendix B: The ASCII Character Set: Printable Characters......Page 759
 Chapter 0......Page 763
 Chapter 1......Page 764
 Chapter 2......Page 765
 Chapter 3......Page 766
 Chapter 4......Page 769
 Chapter 5......Page 773
 Chapter 6......Page 777
 Chapter 7......Page 783
 Chapter 8......Page 788
 Chapter 9......Page 791
 Chapter 10......Page 795
 Chapter 11......Page 799
 A......Page 803
 C......Page 804
 D......Page 806
 E......Page 807
 F......Page 808
 I......Page 809
 L......Page 810
 M......Page 811
 O......Page 812
 P......Page 813
 R......Page 814
 S......Page 816
 T......Page 817
 Z......Page 818