Prehospital emergency care

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Acknowledgments
Contents
Key Features
EMT Skills
Preface
What’s New in the 10th Edition?
About the Authors
PART 1 Preparatory/Public Health
	1 Emergency Medical Care Systems, Research, and Public Health
		Introduction
		The Emergency Medical Services System
		The EMT
		Research and EMS Care
		Public Health
	2 Workforce Safety and Wellness of the EMT
		Introduction
		Emotional Aspects of Emergency Care
		Scene Safety
		Wellness Principles
	3 Medical, Legal, and Ethical Issues
		Introduction
		The Scope of Practice
		Issues of Patient Consent and Refusal
		Other Legal Aspects of Emergency Care
	4 Documentation
		Introduction
		Functions of the Prehospital Care Report
		Collection of Data in Prehospital Care Reports
		Legal Concerns
		Special Situations
		Alternative Documentation Methods
		Medical Abbreviations
	5 Communication
		Introduction
		EMS Communications System
		Communicating Within the System
		Team Communication and Dynamics
		Therapeutic Communication
	6 Lifting and Moving Patients
		Introduction
		Body Mechanics for Safe Lifting
		General Guidelines for Lifting and Moving
		Lifting and Moving Patients
		Packaging for Transportation
		General Guidelines for Carrying a Patient Using a Backboard, Portable Stretcher, or Flexible Stretcher
PART 2 Anatomy and Physiology/Medical Terminology
	7 Anatomy, Physiology, and Medical Terminology
		Introduction
		Anatomical Terms
		Body Systems
		Medical Terminology
PART 3 Pathophysiology
	8 Pathophysiology
		Introduction
		Cellular Metabolism
		Components Necessary for Adequate Perfusion
PART 4 Life Span Development
	9 Life Span Development
		Introduction
		Life Span Development
PART 5 Airway Management, Respiration, and Artificial Ventilation
	10 Airway Management, Artificial Ventilation, and Oxygenation
		Introduction
		Respiration
		Respiratory System Review
		Airway Assessment
		Assessment of Breathing
		Assessing for Adequate Breathing
		Making the Decision to Assist Ventilation or Not
		Techniques of Artificial Ventilation
		Special Considerations in Airway Management and Ventilation
		Oxygen Therapy
PART 6 Assessment
	11 Baseline Vital Signs, Monitoring Devices, and History Taking
		Introduction
		Gathering Patient Information
		Baseline Vital Signs
		Monitoring Equipment
		Preparing to Take the History
		Taking the History
	12 Scene Size-up
		Introduction
		Take the Necessary Standard Precautions and Other Personal Protection Precautions
		Determine Scene Safety
		Determine the Nature of the Problem
		Determine the Number of Patients
	13 Patient Assessment
		Introduction
		Part 1: Scene Size-up
		Part 2: Primary Assessment
		Form a General Impression of the Patient
		Assess Level of Consciousness (Mental Status)
		Assess the Airway
		Assess Breathing
		Assess Oxygenation
		Assess Circulation
		Establish Patient Priorities
		Part 3: Secondary Assessment
		Overview of Secondary Assessment: Anatomical and Body Systems Approaches, Baseline Vital Signs, and History
		Secondary Assessment: Trauma Patient
		Reevaluate the Mechanism of Injury
		Rapid Secondary Assessment: Trauma Patient with Significant Mechanism of Injury, Altered Mental Status, Multiple Injuries, or Critical Finding (Unstable)
		Modified Secondary Assessment: Trauma Patient with NO Significant Mechanism of Injury, Altered Mental Status, Multiple Injuries, or Critical Finding (Stable)
		Secondary Assessment: Medical Patient
		Medical Patient Who Is Not Alert or Is Disoriented, Is Responding Only to Verbal or Painful Stimuli, or Is Unresponsive
		Responsive Medical Patient Who Is Alert and Oriented
		Part 4: Reassessment
		Purposes of the Reassessment
		Repeat the Primary Assessment
		Complete the Reassessment
PART 7 Pharmacology
	14 Pharmacology Medication and Administration
		Introduction
		Administering Medications
		Medications Commonly Administered by the EMT
		Medication Names
		Routes of Administration
		Medication Forms
		Essential Medication Information
		Key Steps in Administering Medications
		Reassessment Following Administration
		Sources of Medication Information
PART 8 Shock and Resuscitation
	15 Shock and Resuscitation
		Introduction
		Shock
		Resuscitation in Cardiac Arrest
		Automated External Defibrillation and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
		Recognizing and Treating Cardiac Arrest
		Special Considerations for the AED
PART 9 Medicine
	16 Respiratory Emergencies
		Introduction
		Respiratory Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathophysiology
		Respiratory Distress
		Pathophysiology of Conditions That Cause Respiratory Distress
		Metered-Dose Inhalers and Small-Volume Nebulizers
		Age-Related Variations: Pediatrics and Geriatrics
		Assessment and Care: General Guidelines
	17 Cardiovascular Emergencies
		Introduction
		Review of the Circulatory System Anatomy and Physiology
		Cardiac Compromise and Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
		Nitroglycerin
		Age-Related Variations: Pediatrics and Geriatrics
		Assessment and Care: General Guidelines
	18 Altered Mental Status, Stroke, and Headache
		Introduction
		Altered Mental Status
		Stroke
		Headache
	19 Seizures and Syncope
		Introduction
		Seizure
		Syncope
	20 Acute Diabetic Emergencies
		Introduction
		Understanding Diabetes Mellitus
		Acute Diabetic Emergencies
		Assessment-Based Approach: Altered Mental Status in a Diabetic Emergency
	21 Anaphylactic Reactions
		Introduction
		Anaphylactic Reaction
	22 Toxicologic Emergencies
		Introduction
		Poisons and Poisonings
		Ingested Poisons
		Inhaled Poisons
		Injected Poisons
		Absorbed Poisons
		Specific Types of Poisoning
		Poison Control Centers
		Drug and Alcohol Emergencies
		Specific Substance Abuse Considerations
	23 Abdominal, Hematologic, Gynecologic, Genitourinary, and Renal Emergencies
		Introduction
		Acute Abdomen
		Hematologic Emergencies
		Gynecologic Emergencies
		Genitourinary/Renal Emergencies
	24 Environmental Emergencies
		Introduction
		Heat and Cold Emergencies
		Exposure to Cold
		Exposure to Heat
		Bites and Stings
		Lightning Strike Injuries
		High-Altitude Sickness
	25 Submersion Incidents: Drowning and Diving Emergencies
		Introduction
		Water-Related Emergencies
		Scuba or Deepwater Diving Emergencies
	26 Behavioral Emergencies
		Introduction
		Behavioral Problems
		Dealing with Behavioral Emergencies
		Legal Considerations
PART 10 Trauma
	27 Trauma Overview: The Trauma Patient and the Trauma System
		Introduction
		The Kinetics of Trauma
		Mechanisms of Injury
		The Multisystem Trauma Patient
		The Golden Period and Platinum Ten Minutes
		The Trauma System
		Golden Principles of Prehospital Trauma Care
	28 Bleeding and Soft Tissue Trauma
		Introduction
		External Bleeding
		Internal Bleeding
		Factors That May Increase Bleeding
		Hemorrhagic Shock
		Soft Tissue Trauma
		Closed Soft Tissue Injuries
		Open Soft Tissue Injuries
		Dressings and Bandages
	29 Burns
		Introduction
		The Skin: Structure and Function Review
		Airway, Breathing, Oxygenation, and Circulation
		Effects of Burns on Body Systems
		Assessment and Care of Burns
	30 Musculoskeletal Trauma and Nontraumatic Fractures
		Introduction
		Musculoskeletal System Review
		Injuries to Bones and Joints
		Basics of Splinting
		Nontraumatic Fractures
	31 Head Trauma
		Introduction
		Anatomy of the Skull and Brain
		Head Injury
	32 Spinal Column and Spinal Cord Trauma
		Introduction
		Anatomy and Physiology of Spine Injury
		Emergency Care for Suspected Spine Injury
		Guidelines for Immobilization
		Special Considerations
	33 Eye, Face, and Neck Trauma
		Introduction
		Anatomy of the Eye, Face, and Neck
		Eye, Face, and Neck Injuries
		Specific Injuries Involving the Eye, Face, and Neck
	34 Chest Trauma
		Introduction
		The Chest
	35 Abdominal and Genitourinary Trauma
		Introduction
		The Abdomen
		Genital Trauma
	36 Multisystem Trauma and Trauma in Special Patient Populations
		Introduction
		Multisystem Trauma
		Trauma in Special Patient Populations
		Assessment-Based Approach: Multisystem Trauma and Trauma in Special Patient Populations
PART 11 Special Patient Populations
	37 Obstetrics and Care of the Newborn
		Introduction
		Anatomy and Physiology of the Obstetric Patient
		Antepartum (Predelivery) Emergencies
		Labor and Normal Delivery
		Abnormal Delivery
		Care of the Newborn
	38 Pediatrics
		Introduction
		Dealing with Caregivers
		Dealing with the Child
		Assessment-Based Approach to Pediatric Emergencies
		Airway and Respiratory Problems in Pediatric Patients
		Specific Pediatric Respiratory and Cardiopulmonary Conditions
		Other Pediatric Medical Conditions and Emergencies
		Pediatric Trauma
		Child Abuse and Neglect
		Special Care Considerations
	39 Geriatrics
		Introduction
		Effects of Aging on Body Systems
		Special Geriatric Assessment Findings
		Assessment-Based Approach: Geriatric Patients
	40 Patients with Special Challenges
		Introduction
		Recognizing the Patient with Special Challenges
		Sensory Impairments
		Cognitive and Emotional Impairments
		Paralysis
		Obesity
		Homelessness and Poverty
		Abuse
		Technology Dependence
		Airway and Respiratory Devices
		Vascular Access Devices
		Ventricular Assist Device (VAD)
		Renal Failure and Dialysis
		Gastrointestinal and Genitourinary Devices
		Intraventricular Shunts
		Terminally III Patients
	41 The Combat Veteran
		Introduction
		The Psychophysiology of Stress Response
		Combat Veterans
		The Nature of PTSD
		Assessing and Providing Emergency Care to Combat Veterans: Recommendations for EMTs
PART 12 EMS Operations
	42 Ambulance Operations and Air Medical Response
		Introduction
		Driving the Ambulance
		Warning Devices
		Roadway Incident Scene Safety
		Phases of an Ambulance Call
		Air Medical Transport
		Security and Safety
	43 Gaining Access and Patient Extrication
		Introduction
		Planning Ahead
		Sizing up the Scene
		Gaining Access
		Extrication
		Specialized Stabilization, Extrication, and Disentanglement Techniques
	44 Hazardous Materials
		Introduction
		Identifying Hazardous Materials
		Guidelines for Hazardous Materials Rescues
	45 Multiple-Casualty Incidents and Incident Management
		Introduction
		Multiple-Casualty Incidents
		National Incident Management System
		Triage
		Disaster Management
	46 EMS Response to Terrorism Involving Weapons of Mass Destruction
		Introduction
		Weapons of Mass Destruction
		Prehospital Response to Terrorism Involving WMD
		Conventional Weapons and Incendiary Devices
		Chemical Agents
		Biological Agents
		Nuclear Weapons and Radiation
Appendix 1 ALS-Assist Skills
Appendix 2 Advanced Airway Management
Appendix 3 Agricultural and Industrial Emergencies
Answer Key
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Index
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