Practical Optical System Layout: And Use of Stock Lenses

Contents......Page 4
Preface......Page 8
Introduction......Page 10
1.1 Introduction, Assumptions, and Conventions......Page 16
1.2 The Cardinal (Gauss) Points and Focal Lengths......Page 17
1.3 The Image and Magnification Equations......Page 19
1.4 Simple Ray Sketching......Page 27
1.5 Paraxial Raytracing (Surface by Surface)......Page 32
1.6 The Thin Lens Concept......Page 37
1.7 Thin Lens Raytracing......Page 38
1.9 Paraxial Ray Characteristics......Page 41
1.10 Combinations of Two Components......Page 42
1.11 The Scheimpflug Condition......Page 50
1.12 Reflectors, Prisms, Mirrors, etc.......Page 52
1.13 Collected Equations......Page 55
2.2 Stops and Pupils......Page 64
2.3 Afocal Systems: General......Page 72
2.4 Telescopes and Beam Expanders......Page 74
2.5 Afocal Attachments: Power and Field Changers......Page 81
2.6 Bravais System......Page 83
2.7 Field Lenses; Relay Lenses; Periscopes......Page 85
2.8 Magnifiers and Microscopes......Page 91
2.9 Telephoto and Retrofocus Arrangements......Page 95
2.11 Anamorphic Systems......Page 97
2.12 Zoom and Varifocal Systems......Page 102
2.13 Mirror Systems......Page 103
2.14 Collected Equations......Page 111
3.2 Koehler Illumination System......Page 116
3.3 Critical Illumination......Page 119
3.4 Illumination Smoothing Devices......Page 120
3.5 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) Projectors......Page 121
3.6 Photometry, Radiometry, Illumination, Etc.......Page 125
4.2 The Diffraction Limit......Page 132
4.3 Image Sensor Limits......Page 136
4.4 Diffraction Limit vs. Sensor Limit......Page 138
4.5 The Optical Invariant......Page 140
4.7 Depth of Focus......Page 141
5.1 The Process......Page 144
5.2 The Algebraic Approach......Page 146
5.3 The Numerical Solution Method......Page 150
5.4 First-Order Layout by Computer Code......Page 153
5.5 A Quick Rough Sketch......Page 155
5.6 Chromatic Aberration and Achromatism......Page 158
5.7 Athermalization......Page 159
5.8 Sample System Layout......Page 160
6.2 Stock Lenses......Page 168
6.3 Some Simple Measurements......Page 170
6.4 System Mock-up and Test......Page 174
6.5 Aberrations......Page 178
6.6 Capabilities of Various Lens Types......Page 186
6.7 Unusual Lens Types......Page 189
6.8 How to Use a Singlet (Single Element)......Page 191
6.9 How to Use a Cemented Doublet......Page 194
6.10 Combinations of Stock Lenses......Page 195
6.11 Sources......Page 204
Bibliography......Page 208
A-B-C......Page 210
D-E......Page 211
F-G-H-I......Page 212
J-K-L-M-N......Page 213
O-P-Q-R......Page 214
S......Page 215
T-U-V-W-Z......Page 216